The effects of various soluble extracts of Ascaris suum on human blood coagulation were studied. The extract of whole worm could prolong recalcification time (RT) and kaolin-activated, partial thromboplastin time (KPTT), but did not alter prothrombin time (PT), indicating that the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation was inhibited by this extract, but the extrinsic pathway was not affected. Whole worm extract inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP, but did not influence the one induced by adrenaline. Neither whole worm extract nor body fluid caused fibrinolysis. In KPTT assays with three dif-ferent extracts, cuticle extract exhibited the strongest anticoagulant activity, while whole worm extract and body fluid much less so. These data suggested that anticoagulants of ascaris mainly exist in the cuticle,

Objective Chronic heart failure ( CHF) is a disease with high morbidity, and mortality.The study was designed to explore the prognostic value of rest gated SPECT myocardial perfusion ( GSMPI) in patients with chronic heart failure. Methods This study was a prospective study, in which 142 CHF patients was included from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2012.All patients underwent GSMPI, further, summed rest score ( SRS) , left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF) , end-diastolic volume ( EDV) , end-systolic volume ( ESV) and phase standard deviation ( PSD) were recorded.All the patients were followed up.Primary endpoint was the major adverse cardiac events ( MACE) .Additionally, we analyzed the independent predictive factor of MACE occurrence by using the Cox proportional hazard model. Results during the follow-up, MACE occurred in 65 cases.The median time to MACE occur-rence was 28(5-48) months.The 3-year MACE free survival rate was 64.3%.Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that cardiac function grade[HR(95%CI):1.761(1.087~4.824), P=0.005], NT-proBNP[HR(95%CI):1.153(1.125~5.997), P =0.009], LVEF[HR(95%CI): 1.945(1.138 ~
6.131), P=0.019], SRS[HR(95%CI):1.517(1.108~4.278), P=0.027] and PSD[HR(95%CI):1.442(1.156~5.339), P=0.032] were all independent predictors of MACE. Conclusion GSMPI may be a prognostic factor for the patients with chronic heart failure.

Hypoxia is the combined result of tumor over-growth and vascular structural abnormalities.Hypoxia is related to tumor invasiveness,radioresistance,and chemoresistance.18F-fluoromisoni-dzole (18F-FMISO) can selectively bind to hypoxic tissues of malignant tumors,and is thus useful for imaging of tumor hypoxia in cancer diagnosis and treatment.This review summarizes the state-of-art research of 18F-FMISO in comparison with other hypoxic agents when applied to animals and clinical studies.

Objective To evaluate the value of 18F-FDG and 18F-FLT PET/CT for the detection of primary and regional lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer.Methods Thirty-seven patients with gastric cancer underwent preoperative 18F-FLT and 18F-FDG PET/CT within one week from March 2011 to April 2013.Postoperative histopathology confirmation was obtained in all patients.The PET/CT images were assessed visually and semi-quantitatively.Two-sample t and x2 tests were analyzed using SPSS 13.0.Results For the detection of primary gastric cancer,the sensitivities of 18 F-FLT and 18 F-FDG PET were 89.2％ (33/ 37) vs 91.9％(34/37),respectively (x2=0.158,P＞0.05).The 18F-FLT SUVmax of 16/37 cases with diffuse-type gastric cancer was significantly higher than that of 21/37 cases with intestinal-type gastric cancer (6.89±1.38 vs 3.79±2.45,t=4.533,P＜0.05) ; while 18F-FDG SUVmaxwas not significantly different between the two subgroups (7.13± 1.97 vs 6.36±2.32,t =1.066,P＞0.05).For the detection of regional lymph node metastasis,the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of 18F-FLT and 18F-FDG were 64.8％(35/54) vs 88.9％(48/54),97.6％(246/252) vs 82.9％(209/252),91.8％(281/306) vs 84.0％(257/306),respectively (x2 =8.796,30.948,8.854,all P＜0.05).The overall sensitivity,specificity and accuracy by both tracers were 92.6％(50/54),98.8％(249/252) and 97.7％(299/306).Conclusions 18F-FLT might be a better or complementary tracer to 18F-FDG for the detection of diffuse-type gastric cancer.Compared with 18FFDG PET/CT,18F-FLT PET/CT may be less sensitive but more specific and accurate for the detection of regional lymph node metastasis.The overall diagnostic accuracy can be improved by using both tracers.

Objective: To examine the effects of obesity and central obesity on hypertension, so as to provide insights into the prevention and control measures of hypertension. Methods: From September to December 2018, residents at ages of 35 to 75 years were sampled using the multi-stage random sampling method in Baiyin District, Baiyin City, Gansu Province, and subjected to questionnaire surveys and physical examinations. The interaction between obesity/central obesity and hypertension was evaluated using logistic regression analysis. The synergy index ( SI ), relative excess risk due to interaction ( RERI ) and attributable proportion due to interaction ( AP ) were calculated using Excel compiled by Andersson et al. Results: A total of 6 246 questionnaires were allocated and 6 169 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 98.77%. The respondents included 3 038 men ( 49.25% ) and 3 131 women (50.75%), with a mean age of ( 52.05±8.78 ) years. There were 832 respondents with obesity ( 13.49% ) and 2 278 with central obesity ( 36.93% ). The crude and standardized prevalence rates of hypertension were 35.89% and 33.05%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that obesity ( OR=2.020, 95%CI: 1.705-2.393 ) and central obesity ( OR=1.622, 95%CI: 1.433-1.836 ) were statistically associated with hypertension. There was no multiplicative interaction between obesity or central obesity and hypertension ( OR=1.011, 95%CI: 0.655-1.560 ), and no additive interaction was detected between obesity or central obesityand hypertension ( SI=1.405, 95%CI: 0.815-2.424; RERI=0.658, 95%CI: -0.298 to 1.614; AP=0.201, 95%CI: -0.075 to 0.476 ). Conclusions Obesity and central obesity increase the risk of hypertension; however, no interaction is detected between obesity or central obesity and hypertension.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between 18F-FDG PET/CT semi-quantitative parameters and the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (IASLC/ATS/ERS) histopathologic classification, including histological subtypes, proliferation activity, and somatic mutations. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 419 patients (150 males, 269 females; median age, 59.0 years;age range, 23.0–84.0 years) who had undergone surgical removal of stage IA–IIIA lung adenocarcinoma and had preoperative PET/CT data of lung tumors. The maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax), background-subtracted volume (BSV), and background-subtracted lesion activity (BSL) derived from PET/CT were measured. The IASLC/ATS/ERS subtypes, Ki67 score, and epidermal growth factor/anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EGFR/ALK) mutation status were evaluated. The PET/CT semiquantitative parameters were compared between the tumor subtypes using the Mann–Whitney U test or the Kruskal–Wallis test. The optimum cutoff values of the PET/CT semi-quantitative parameters for distinguishing the IASLC/ATS/ERS subtypes were calculated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The correlation between the PET/CT semi-quantitative parameters and pathological parameters was analyzed using Spearman’s correlation. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: SUVmax, BSV, and BSL values were significantly higher in invasive adenocarcinoma (IA) than in minimally IA (MIA), and the values were higher in MIA than in adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) (all p < 0.05). Remarkably, an SUVmax of 0.90 and a BSL of 3.62 were shown to be the optimal cutoff values for differentiating MIA from AIS, manifesting as pure ground-glass nodules with 100% sensitivity and specificity. Metabolic-volumetric parameters (BSV and BSL) were better potential independent factors than metabolic parameters (SUVmax) in differentiating growth patterns. SUVmax and BSL, rather than BSV, were strongly or moderately correlated with Ki67 in most subtypes, except for the micropapillary and solid predominant groups. PET/CT parameters were not correlated with EGFR/ALK mutation status. Conclusion As noninvasive surrogates, preoperative PET/CT semi-quantitative parameters could imply IASLC/ATS/ERS subtypes and Ki67 index and thus may contribute to improved management of precise surgery and postoperative adjuvant therapy.

Objective To explore the prognostic value of pretreatment 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT in pediatric neuroblastoma (NB).Methods Twenty-seven NB patients (18 males,9 females;average age (4.6±2.4) years) confirmed by pathology from June 2012 to November 2015 were retrospectively included.All patients had detailed clinical and follow up data.They underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT scan before any treatment,and the largest diameter of primary tumors,maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of primary tumor (Tmax),SUVmax of liver (Lmax),Tmax/Lmax ratio,clinical staging,serum ferritin,serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were recorded as prognostic factors.Patients were followed up after treatment for 3-32 months (median:24 months).KaplanMeier survival analysis was used to analyze the influence of Tmax and Tmax/Lmax ratio on 2-year progression free survival (PFS).Cox regression analysis was used to comprehensive analyze the influence of various factors on PFS.Results Of the 27 patients,12(44.4％) experienced disease progression during the follow-up period.Univariate analysis showed that N-myc gene amplification,serum LDH,serum NSE,serum ferritin,the largest diameter of primary tumors,Tmax and Tmax/Lmax ratio were significant prognostic factors for 2-year PFS.The multivariate analysis showed that only the Tmax and Tmax/Lmax,ratio were independent prognostic factors for 2-year PFS.Conclusion 18F-FDG PET/CT can provide effective information on the prognostic information for pediatric NB patients.

Objective To explore the value of metabolic volume of cardiac tumor (MTV1 to that of the maximum extracardiac tumor (MTV2) ratio in predicating the cardiac tumor origin.Methods A total of 35 consecutive cases (19 males,16 females,age range:18-68 years) with multiple cardiac and extracardiac tumors were enrolled in this retrospective analysis.All of them were confirmed by pathology or clinical follow-up results and examined by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT from January 2010 to February 2016.Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) 3.63 was used as the background threshold.MTV1 and MTV2 were automatically obtained by PETVCRA software.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to obtain the diagnostic threshold of MTV1/MTV2 ratio for cardiac tumors,and the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy were calculated.Mann-Whitney u test was used to analyze the data.Results Twelve patients were confirmed to have primary cardiac malignant tumors (PCMT),and 23 cases were metastatic cardiac malignant tumors (MCMT).There was statistical difference of MTV1 between PCMT and MCMT patients:52.9(33.3,703.4) cm3vs 8.1(1.2,24.6) cm3(z=-3.70,P＜0.05).MTV2 was 11.7(1.8,38.4) cm3 in PCMT patients,which was lower than that in MCMT patients (182.0(100.1,238.0) cm3;z=-4.17,P＜ 0.05).MTV1/MTV2 ratio of PCMT was 16.20(9.40,71.80),which was significantly higher than that of MCMT (0.10(0.01,0.60),z=-4.66,P＜0.05).When MTV1/MTV2 ratio=1.2 was selected as the cut-off value,the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy were 12/12,91.30％(21/23),94.29％(33/35) respectively.Conclusion It may be an important criterion for the diagnosis of PCMT that MTV 1 is greater than MTV2.