Objective To find out the epidemic characteristics and the prevalent tendency of transmission of HIV infection in Zhaotong City from 1997 to 2007. Methods Statistical analysis was applied to the data of 1997-2007 Zhaotong City local monitoring detection of HIV-infected persons and AIDS epidemic Tables Network reported. Results From 1997 to 2007, the cumulative report of the city's HIV-infected persons was 914 cases. Before 2002 the report was 144 cases as intravenous drug users. From 2003 to 2007 cumulative reports of 770 cases were infected with HIV, of which 524 were of local detection, accounting for the 68% of reports; field reports were 246 cases, accounting for 31.95%. 260 cases were intravenous drug users, accounting for 33.8%; 155 cases of heterosexual contact, accounting for 20.1%; 20 cases were of mother to child transmission, accounting for 2.6%; 335 were unknown cases, accounting for 43.5%. Report of infection from 0.19/100 000 in 1997 rose to 3.51/100 000 in 2007. The infection rate for migrant workers was 23.43/100 000. Conclusions From 1997 to 2007, transmission of HIV infection in Zhaotong City had a great change, and the rate of infection rose continually. The proliferation from high-risk population groups such as drug user to the general population increased rapidly, and it was the same case with floating population.

Systemic sclerosis is a rare and complex autoimmune disease, and malakoplakia is a rare chronic granulomatous inflammatory disease. Systemic sclerosis combined with malakoplakia is extremely rare. Diagnosis is difficult before surgery. It is easy to misdiagnose bladder malakoplakia as bladder tumor. This paper reports a middle-aged female patient with systemic sclerosis complicated with bladder malakoplakia. The main clinical manifestations were hematuria and bladder irritation, accompanied by severe diarrhea. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor was performed. Postoperative pathology proved that it was bladder malakoplakia. After the surgery, she continued to take low-dose prednisolone and methotrexate in the treatment of systemic sclerosis. The patient was followed up for 6 months.Transurethral cystoscopy was performed twice, and there was no recurrence.

Objective To investigate the relationship between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (LHR) and asymptomatic carotid plaques and their stability in high-risk stroke population.Methods Between December 2012 and April 2015,a total of 39 944 permanent resident population ≥40 years were used as subjects of the survey from 11 rural communities in Haitou Town,Banzhuang Town and Tashan Town,Ganyu District,and 9 urban communities in Xinpu District and Haizhou District,Lianyungang City using epidemiological survey method of cluster sampling.Excluding those who took lipid-lowering drugs within 3 months and had a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack,6 592 people at high risk of stroke were finally screened out.Ultrasound was used to detect carotid plaques.The subjects were divided into plaque-free group and plaque group.The latter was further divided into stable plaque group and unstable plaque group.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the independent risk factor for carotid plaques and their stability.The odds ratio (OR) and 95％ confidence interval (CI) were calculated.Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the prediction efficiency of LHR on carotid plaques.Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was an independent risk factor for carotid plaques,while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was an independent protection factor of carotid plaques.Using the lowest quintile (Q1) of LHR as a reference,carotid plaque risk increased significantly with the increasing LHR (Q2:OR 1.448,95％ CI 1.082-1.937,P =0.013;Q3:OR 2.414,95％ CI 1.754-3.322,P＜0.001;Q4:OR 2.939,95％ CI 1.945-4.441,P＜0.001;Q5:OR 4.884,95％ CI 3.143-7.115,P＜0.001).ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of LHR predicting carotid plaques was 0.795 (95％ CI 0.792-0.807;P＜ 0.001),and the optimal cut-off value was 3.00 (sensitivity 68.37％,specificity 75.65％).LHR ≥3.92 (LHR in the Q4 and Q5 subgroups) was an independent risk factor for unstable carotid plaques (OR 2.915,95％ CI 2.104-4.040;P＜0.001).The AUC of the LHR predicting unstable carotid plaques was 0.658 (95％ CI 0.633-0.684;P＜0.001).Conclusions LHR was an independent predictor of carotid plaques in high-risk stroke patients.It had higher predictive value for carotid plaques,and its conversion threshold for promoting plaque formation was 3.00.When LHR was ≥3.92,there was a significant increase in the risk of unstable carotid plaques.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the mode of anterior cervical surgery in outpatient setting, and evaluate its preliminary effectiveness. METHODS: A clinical data of patients who underwent anterior cervical surgery between January 2022 and September 2022 and met the selection criteria was retrospectively analyzed. The surgeries were performed in outpatient setting ( n=35, outpatient setting group) or in inpatient setting ( n=35, inpatient setting group). There was no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05) in age, gender, body mass index, smoking, history of alcohol drinking, disease type, the number of surgical levels, operation mode, as well as preoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, visual analogue scale score of neck pain (VAS-neck), and visual analogue scale score of upper limb pain (VAS-arm). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, total hospital stay, postoperative hospital stay, and hospital expenses of the two groups were recorded; JOA score, VAS-neck score, and VAS-arm score were recorded before and immediately after operation, and the differences of the above indexes between pre- and post-operation were calculated. Before discharge, the patient was asked to score satisfaction with a score of 1-10. RESULTS: The total hospital stay, postoperative hospital stay, and hospital expenses were significantly lower in the outpatient setting group than in the inpatient setting group ( P<0.05). The satisfaction of patients was significantly higher in the outpatient setting group than in the inpatient setting group ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in operation time and intraoperative blood loss ( P>0.05). The JOA score, VAS-neck score, and VAS-arm score of the two groups significantly improved at immediate after operation when compared with those before operation ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the improvement of the above scores between the two groups ( P>0.05). The patients were followed up (6.67±1.04) months in the outpatient setting group and (5.95±1.90) months in the inpatient setting group, with no significant difference ( t=0.089, P=0.929). No surgical complications, such as delayed hematoma, delayed infection, delayed neurological damage, and esophageal fistula, occurred in the two groups. CONCLUSION The safety and efficiency of anterior cervical surgery performed in outpatient setting were comparable to that performed in inpatient setting. Outpatient surgery mode can significantly shorten the postoperative hospital stay, reduce hospital expenses, and improve the patients' medical experience. The key points of the outpatient mode of anterior cervical surgery are minimizing damage, complete hemostasis, no drainage placement, and fine perioperative management.
Humans ; Treatment Outcome ; Cervical Vertebrae/surgery* ; Outpatients ; Retrospective Studies ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; Spinal Fusion ; Neck Pain