Abstract: The theory of formulas corresponding to syndromes is a relatively mature and integrated method contained in the classics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for diagnosing and treatment of diseases. The development of the theory mainly includes three stages, i.e. prototype stage before Han Dynasty, sublimation stage of late Eastern Han Dynasty and the following improving stage. People recorded what they saw and heard of during their medical activities in prototype stage. In sublimation stage, Treatise on Febrile Diseases written by Zhang Zhong-jing found out the relationship of structure-fixed prescriptions used more often with symptoms and signs. Doctors after Han Dynasty repeated and verified the truth of classical prescriptions and the theory of formulas corresponding to syndromes. They also developed and improved the theory. Based on clinical experience, and classics, it was enriched, advanced and improved by doctors after then. It could provide reference for clinical treatment through systematically hackling the theories.

Yi Guan Jian decoction is a traditional Chinese medicine formula noted in Wei Yu-huang's Xu Ming Yi Lei An (Supplement to the Classified Medical Records of Famous Physicians). Acne vulgaris and chronic pelvic inflammation could be successfully treated by the decoction following the principle of formula corresponding to syndromes. The identical characteristics of constitution are found among the patients treated by the decoction, known as the "Yi Guan Jian constitution". It indicates that patients can be treated according to the constitutional characteristics.

There is a regular pattern in the diagnosis and treatment of exogenous high-grade fever, of which the key point is formula syndrome identification. Syndrome differentiation of the six channels is appropriate for not only exogenous cold but also various other conditions. The diagnosis and treatment of high-grade fever can also follow the law of syndrome differentiation of the six channels. The theory of epidemic febrile diseases stems from and elaborates on an understanding of exogenous febrile conditions, so many effective formulas used to treat epidemic febrile diseases also have great value in the treatment of high-grade fever. Deteriorated syndrome, which is central to this condition, is very commonly seen in cases of high-grade fever, the key therapeutic principle of which is established according to syndromes. Allowing analysis that does not rigidly adhere to either established modern diagnosis or traditional Chinese syndromes, prominent achievements could be made in treating high-grade fever by summarizing the regular presenting patterns in terms of the constitution and symptoms.

Herbal prescription science is a bridge between basic and clinical subjects in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In studying the doctrines in the general textbook Herbal Prescription Science and applying them to clinical practice, it was found that they are imprecise and inapplicable. Based on the analysis of Suanzaoren Decoction, Xiaoqinglong Decoction, Jichuan Decoction, etc., the authors point out that this problem is due to the current pathogenesis-based research approach of the herbal prescription science. It is proposed that correspondence between formula and syndrome is the core of the herbal prescription science. In order to solve such a problem, searching for corresponding relationship between an herb or a formula and the signs and symptoms of a syndrome or disease should be the most important task in research of herbal prescription science, for emphasis on attention to the objective indications and evidence in clinical utilization of herbal formulas is the major feature of the herbal prescription science according to medication experience in the long history of TCM.

The research and development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) injections is an important innovation of modernization of TCM, which has great clinical value and irreplaceability in medical enterprise of China. But reports of adverse events of TCM injections gradually increased in recent years and the security problems received much concern with the enlargement of its application range. The reasons include unreliable herb sources and unreasonable utilization, in which the former includes historical reasons and non-unified standard and the latter includes combined use of Chinese and Western medicine, misused dosage and formula not corresponding to syndromes. We should face the problems, and preventive measures should be worked out by pharmaceutical factory, doctors and government. The first one is strictly guarding the pharmaceutical preparation procedures with advanced pharmaceutical technology; the second one is advocating the idea of formula corresponding to syndromes to minimize the occurrence of adverse effects; and the last one is strengthening the postmarketing reevaluation and market supervising management.

Syndrome factors and their combinations based on syndromes are the important links of construction of syndrome differentiation system,in which the theory of prescriptions corresponding to syndromes plays a key role.The basic requirements of good clinical eff icacy are'syndrome factors'seen as the basic connotation of'syndromes'in prescriptions corresponding to syndromes,keeping the compatibility of effect classical prescriptions,emphasizing further detailed formula indication and dynamic evolution,and increasing the conformity of prescription and syndrome.These are also the basis of construction of syndrome differentiation system.Method of evidence-based medicine should be used for reference in clinical research design,and reverse thinking of conjecturing syndrome based on prescription be used for guidance in the constructing process.

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is the most original innovation science. The innovation and development of TCM is based on the precious treatment theory and copious clinic experience of predecessor. Combination of disease and syndrome is the important approach of innovation and development of traditional Chinese medicine.Establish of a perfect evaluation system of clinical effect which has special feature of TCM is the key of innovation and development of traditional Chinese medicine.

By reviewing the research on patient reported outcomes (PRO) and the understanding of the theory of traditional Chinese medicine in coronary heart disease, the author found that the evaluation scale of PRO in coronary heart disease in traditional Chinese medicine should be guided by the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, including the theories of ‘heart-oriented, five internal organs correlation, internal injuries by seven emotions, unity of body and mind, correspondence between human and nature’ and other modern theoretical framework of PRO scale.It was believed that the physical, psychological, independence and social sphere constructed a special PRO efficacy scale of traditional Chinese medicine in coronary heart disease. The field of physiology on the scale was guided by ‘heart-based, five internal organs correlation' theory as the main line, and the scale was divided into various aspects in order to reflect all aspects of uncomfortable self-feeling of patients. Finally, 19 sides such as chest pain, chest tightness, heart palpitations, flank pain, insomnia, soreness and weakness of waist and knees, frequent urination at night, anorexia, weakness, spontaneous perspiration, shortness of breath, individual ability, daily life, positive feelings, negative feelings, personal relations and social support needed, level of social services, social intercourse and economy, healthy and medical care formed the theoretical structure model of the scale,which established the theory foundatio for the further development of PRO scale.

The formation of dyslipidemia is related to phlegm-blood stasis and Spleen-Kidney Deficiency in traditional Chinese medicine, the former of which is Biao and the latter is Ben of the disease. The therapeutic method is utilizing syndrome differentiation, specially get sick the special medicine and replenishing kidney. Long-term usage of lipid-regulating western medicine may cause Kidney Deficiency and Qi Deficiency, the phenomenon of which we should pay great attention to.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Dyslipidemias ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Kidney ; physiopathology ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Qi

The traditional conotation of combination of disease and syndrome means the combination of disease differentiation in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) diseases and TCM syndrome differentiation,which was derived from the Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic.And the Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases describes the clinical application of this theory.Under the background of integrative medicine,the modern conotation of combination of disease and syndrome means TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment based on modern medicine disease differentiation,which is commonly used in the current clinical practice.The disease and syndrome combination diagnosis mode based on syndrome,etiology,pathology and pharmacology can understand the disease from a multiple and comprehensive level,in order to realize the combination and complementation of advantages from both medicines.In addition,formula-syndrome relation means the relationship between the formula and its relevant indications.In general,indications often involve syndromes,symptoms,diseases and body constitutions.And the application of formula in the Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases is the representative of this theory.Hence,the application of associated classical formula gives example to the clinical formula-syndrome relation application in modem times.