Objective To master the trend of schistosomiasis epidemic by means of established observation points and give the scientific reference for the control decision making henceforth. Methods Three villages of schistosomiasis with highly prevalence in Hubei Province were selected as observation points, and their epidemiological status were observed from 1990-1998. Results The schistosomiasis prevalence was considerably decreasing in the 3 villages, from high epidemic areas into medium or light areas. Conclusion It is a right tactic to use the selective population chemotherapy and control snail in high transmission areas of schistosomiasis in high epidemic areas.

Objective:To investigate the effects of chitosan on experimental rabbit atherosclerosis(AS).Methods:The models of rabbit AS were produced by a high fat diet.The rabbits were randomly assigned into normal diet(ND) group,high fat diet(HFD) group,chitosan and high fat diet(CHFD) group,chitosan and normal diet(CND) group.Fasting blood samples were collected for serum lipid assay on 0,4,8 weeks;the animals were killed on the 8th week to make aorta samples.AS plaque areas were estimated in the descending aorta dyed with oil red O and the ascending aorta dyed with H E.Results:TG,TC,LDL C in the CHFD group were lower than those in HFD group on 4 and 8 weeks;serum lipid concentration in ND group was similar with that in CND group;plaque areas in CHFD group were smaller than those in HFD group;intima thickness in CHFD group was thinner than that in HFD group.Conclusion:Chitosan reduces AS degree in rabbits of HFD group,which might be related to the decrease of serum lipid.

Objective To investigate the characteristics and risk factors for allogeneic transfusion after unilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA).Methods 852 patients (663 female and 189 male) underwent primary unilateral TKA from January 2014 to December 2014 were included.Average age of included patients were 64.9±7.9 years old (22-87).829 patients were osteoarthritis,others rheumatoid arthritis.The ASA score,BMI,doctor groups,diabetes,hypertension,thrombus (duplex color Doppler ultrasonography),pre-HGB,pre-HCT,pre-TP,pre-Cr,pre-BUN,pre-PT,operation time,starting MABP of the operation,anesthesia and TXA were collected.Potential risk factors for allogeneic transfusion were analyzed statistically via univariate and multivariate regression analysis.Results The preoperative hemoglobin level in 71 (8.3％) patients were lower than that in normal (male ＜120 g/L,female ＜110 g/L).The hematokrit in 27 (3.2％) patients were lower than that in normal (male ＜40％,female ＜37％).TXA was used in 740 (86.9％) patients during the operation.Allogeneic transfusion was performed in 202 (23.7％) the patients after TKA.The differences in the following items within two groups were statistically significant via univariate analysis (P＜0.05),female and male,≥70 and ＜ 70 years,pre-HGB normal and low,pre-HCT normal and low and with and without TXA.Female [OR=2.283,95％CI (1.405,3.711)],patient age of 70 years or older [OR=2.048,95％CI (2.064,4.292)],preoperative hemoglobin level low [male ＜ 120 g/L,female ＜ 110 g/L,OR=1.506,95％CI (1.376,4.427)] and preoperative hematokrit below normal [male ＜ 40％,female ＜ 37％,OR=3.412,95％CI (1.086,6.591)] were independent predictors for postoperative allogeneic transfusion in multivariate regression analysis.Conclusion The allogeneic transfusion rate after unilateral TKA was 23.7％.Female,older than 70 years and preoperative anemia were independent predictors for postoperative allogeneic transfusion after TKA.TXA can effectively decrease the postoperative allogeneic transfusion rate and the amount of transfusion.

AIM: To investigate the effects of platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) on vasoconstriction of the vascular vessels. METHODS: The contractile effects of PDGF-BB at different concentrations on the rat thoracic aortic rings and the effects of verapimil, indomerthacin, phentolamine and propranolol on the response of the thoracic aortic rings were observed by using the technique of vascular perfusion in vitro, and norepinephrine was used to severe as control. RESULTS: PDGF-BB showed a remarkable contractile effect on the thoracic aorta rings of rats in a dose-dependent manner, more potent than norepinephrine at the same molar concentration. Verapimil and propranolol inhibited the contractile effect of PDGF-BB on the rat thoracic rings, but the effect of indomerthacin and phentolamine on the vasoconstriction of PDGF-BB was not observed. CONCLUSION: PDGF-BB significantly contracts the thoracic aorta rings of rats in dose-dependent and non-endothelium-dependent manners. Verapimil and propranolol inhibits the contractile effect of PDGF-BB on the rat thoracic rings.

Objective To understand the potential impact of south-north water transfer project on transmission and distribution of Schistosomiasis japonica, and to put forward the countermea-sures of prevention of the disease transferring into other places. Methods The information on the progress of south-north water transfer project and factors related to the distribution of Schistosoma juponicum were collected, and the suggestions on improving the countermeasures were obtained through the group discussions and field visits. Results The potential impact of the project on the disease transferring is existed, mainly the disease transferring will be through the Lixia River basin in Jiangsu Province, and Chaohu areas of Anhui Province in the east route, and Sihu areas of Hubei Province in the middle route. The snail transferring northward will be affected both by the project and global warming, as a result, the endemic areas of Schistosomiasis will probably transfer into the Hongzehu and Chaohu areas in the future. Conclusion In the east route of the project, if the project is not combined with Schistosomiasis control, the endemic areas of Schistosomiasis will extend into other regions, the loss in the society and economy will be very large.

Objective:To investigate the early effect of modified posterior tibialis muscle transfer in treating foot drop and varus deformity caused by common peroneal nerve injury.Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 6 patients with foot drop of common peroneal nerve palsy and varus deformity admitted to Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from December 2017 to October 2019, including 4 males and 2 females, aged 33-48 years [(39.5±6.0)years]. The left side was involved in 4 patients and the right side in 2 patients. All patients underwent posterior tibial muscle transfer. The insertion of posterior tibial muscle was reconstructed in the fourth metatarsal with the tendon allograft to correct foot drop and varus deformity. The range of motion of active ankle dorsiflexion and plantar flexion and range of motion of varus and valgus of foot were measured before operation and at the last follow-up. The isokinetic torque peak value of ankle dorsiflexion and plantar flexion at 60°/s angular velocity and peak isokinetic torque of foot varus and valgus at 60°/s angular velocity were measured before operation and at the last follow-up. The postoperative foot imaging evaluation was performed at the last follow-up, including Meary angle, calcaneal projection and diameter of the fourth metatarsal. The American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Association (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score was used to evaluate the ankle function.Results:All patients were followed up for 6-17 months [10(6, 15)months]. At the last follow-up, the range of motion of dorsiflexion of the ankle [6(0, 10)°] and foot valgus [3(0, 5)°] were significantly improved compared with the preoperative level [-31(-33, -28)°, -10(-12, -8)°] ( P<0.05); the ankle dorsiflexion torque [(7.7±0.8)Nm] and foot valgus torque [(7.2±0.7)Nm] were significantly improved compared with the preoperative level [(0.0±0.0)Nm, (2.1±0.6)Nm]at 60°/s angular velocity ( P<0.01). Imaging examination showed no acquired flat foot deformity and deformation of the fourth metatarsal insertion. The AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score increased from 50-73 points [(61.3±8.4)points] before operation to 75-97 points [(86.8±7.2)points] at the last follow-up ( P<0.01). Conclusion:For foot drop and varus caused by common peroneal nerve injury, modified posterior tibialis muscle transfer can increase the torque of ankle dorsiflexion and valgus, improve the ankle range of motion, and accelerate the ankle function recovery.

Objective To study the correlation between the sonographic features of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) and high volume lymph node metastasis. Methods Medical records of 463 PTMC patients were reviewed. Cases of all patients are completed with lymph node metastasis identified by histopathology. Sonographic features such as lesion number, lesion size, echogenicity, calcification, envelope and vascularity of papillary microcarcinoma are recorded. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to investigating relationship between sonographic features and high volume lymph node metastasis. Results Twenty four patients have high volume central lymph node metastasis (5.2%, 24/463), in univariate analysis,sex(11.2% in male vs 3.4% in female),age(8.3% in<45 years vs 2.4% in≥45 years),calcification(8.3% in micro vs 0.0% in coarse, 3.2% in mixed and 0.7% in non) , extracapsular invasion (9.3% with vs 3.2% without)and size(9.2% in ≥7 mm vs 2.5% in <7 mm)showed significant difference;multiple logistic regression analysis showed that male(OR=3.205,P=0.009),age<45 years(OR=2.923,P=0.031), microcalcification(OR=9.380,P=0.031)and tumor size≥7mm(OR=3.272,P=0.013)is independent risk factor for high volume lymph node metastasis in the central compartment of PTMC. 10 patients have high volume lateral lymph node metastasis(2.2%,10/463),in univariate analysis,age(4.1% in<45 years vs 0.4% in≥45 years),number of lesions(5.3% in multiple vs 0.9% in single)showed significant difference;multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age < 45 years (OR=11.939,P=0.024) and multiple lesion (OR=7.247, P=0.007) is independent risk factor for high volume lymph node metastasis in the lateral compartment of PTMC. Conclusion Sonographic features of primary papillary microcarcinoma of the thyroid has correlation with high volume lymph node metastasis.

Bone formation and deposition are initiated by sensory nerve infiltration in adaptive bone remodeling.Here,we focused on the role of Semaphorin 3A(Sema3A),expressed by sensory nerves,in mechanical loads-induced bone formation and nerve withdrawal using orthodontic tooth movement(OTM)model.Firstly,bone formation was activated after the 3rd day of OTM,coinciding with a decrease in sensory nerves and an increase in pain threshold.Sema3A,rather than nerve growth factor(NGF),highly expressed in both trigeminal ganglion and the axons of periodontal ligament following the 3rd day of OTM.Moreover,in vitro mechanical loads upregulated Sema3A in neurons instead of in human periodontal ligament cells(hPDLCs)within 24 hours.Furthermore,exogenous Sema3A restored the suppressed alveolar bone formation and the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs induced by mechanical overload.Mechanistically,Sema3A prevented overstretching of F-actin induced by mechanical overload through ROCK2 pathway,maintaining mitochondrial dynamics as mitochondrial fusion.Therefore,Sema3A exhibits dual therapeutic effects in mechanical loads-induced bone formation,both as a pain-sensitive analgesic and a positive regulator for bone formation.

Bone formation and deposition are initiated by sensory nerve infiltration in adaptive bone remodeling.Here,we focused on the role of Semaphorin 3A(Sema3A),expressed by sensory nerves,in mechanical loads-induced bone formation and nerve withdrawal using orthodontic tooth movement(OTM)model.Firstly,bone formation was activated after the 3rd day of OTM,coinciding with a decrease in sensory nerves and an increase in pain threshold.Sema3A,rather than nerve growth factor(NGF),highly expressed in both trigeminal ganglion and the axons of periodontal ligament following the 3rd day of OTM.Moreover,in vitro mechanical loads upregulated Sema3A in neurons instead of in human periodontal ligament cells(hPDLCs)within 24 hours.Furthermore,exogenous Sema3A restored the suppressed alveolar bone formation and the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs induced by mechanical overload.Mechanistically,Sema3A prevented overstretching of F-actin induced by mechanical overload through ROCK2 pathway,maintaining mitochondrial dynamics as mitochondrial fusion.Therefore,Sema3A exhibits dual therapeutic effects in mechanical loads-induced bone formation,both as a pain-sensitive analgesic and a positive regulator for bone formation.

Bone formation and deposition are initiated by sensory nerve infiltration in adaptive bone remodeling.Here,we focused on the role of Semaphorin 3A(Sema3A),expressed by sensory nerves,in mechanical loads-induced bone formation and nerve withdrawal using orthodontic tooth movement(OTM)model.Firstly,bone formation was activated after the 3rd day of OTM,coinciding with a decrease in sensory nerves and an increase in pain threshold.Sema3A,rather than nerve growth factor(NGF),highly expressed in both trigeminal ganglion and the axons of periodontal ligament following the 3rd day of OTM.Moreover,in vitro mechanical loads upregulated Sema3A in neurons instead of in human periodontal ligament cells(hPDLCs)within 24 hours.Furthermore,exogenous Sema3A restored the suppressed alveolar bone formation and the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs induced by mechanical overload.Mechanistically,Sema3A prevented overstretching of F-actin induced by mechanical overload through ROCK2 pathway,maintaining mitochondrial dynamics as mitochondrial fusion.Therefore,Sema3A exhibits dual therapeutic effects in mechanical loads-induced bone formation,both as a pain-sensitive analgesic and a positive regulator for bone formation.