Objective To explore the effect of hepatitis B virus(HBV) on the expression of complement 3 (C3) and complement 4 (C4) and its regulatory mechanism.Methods Differentially expressed genes between HepG2 and HepG2.2.15 cells was screened by gene chip,serum complement component 3 (C3) and 4 (C4) levels in patients with HBV infection and in healthy individuals were measured by Immunoturbidimetry,HBV infectious clone pHBV1.3 was transfected into HepG2 cells,and expression of C3 and C4 was measured by RT-PCR and Western blot.Results Expression of C3 and C4 mRNA was lower in HepG2.2.15 cells than in HepG2 cells,serum C3 and C4 levels was much lower in patients with chronic hepatitis B and hepatic carcinoma as compared to healthy individuals (P＜0.05 ).HBV could downregulate the expression of C3 and C4 at mRNA and protein levels.Conclusion HBV may inhibit the expression both in vivo and in vitro.

Objective To investigate the effect of influenza virus on the expression of collagen triple he-lix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1). Methods A549 cells were infected with influenza virus. mRNA and protein levels of CTHRC1 were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot , CTHRC1 levels in the cell supernatants and sera of influenza virus infected patients were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The difference of CTHRC1 levels between healthy controls and HCV patients was analyzed. Results Compared with controls, mRNA and protein levels of CTHRC1 were higher in A549 cells infected with H3N2. Serum CTHRC1 levels were higher in influenza virus infected patients than in healthy controls (P < 0.05). Conclusion Influenza virus can promote the synthesis and secretion of CTHRC1.

Objective:To explore the relationship of negative life events,parent-child relationship,teacher-child relationship with the altruistic prosocial behaviors in migrant and unattended primary school children. Methods:Totally 1198 migrant children and 1631 unattended children were recruited. The dimension ofaltruistic prosocial behaviorof Child and Adolescent Prosocial Behavior Questionnaire (CAPBQ-A)was used to evaluate altruistic prosocial behaviors,Life Event Questionnaire (LEQ)was used to evaluate negative life events,parent trust and support dimensionof Social Psychological Relationship Questionnaire(SPRQ-P)to evaluate par-ent-child relationship, and teacher trust and support dimension (SPRQ-T ) to evaluate teacher-child relationship. Results:The CAPBQ-A scores were higher in migrant children than in the unattended children (P<0. 001). Being migrant or unattended children (β=-0. 07),LEQ score (β=-0. 04),SPRQ-P score (β=0. 13) and SPRQ-T score (β=0. 31 )predicted the CAPBQ-A score significantly. The SPRQ-P score had significantly stronger predictive effect on the migrant children compared to the unattended children (β=-0. 06 ). Yet the SPRQ-T score predicted the unattended children stronger (β=0. 06 ,Ps<0. 0 1 ). Conclusion:The unattended children's al-truistic prosocial behaviors are much worse than the migrant children. Personal relationships seem to play a more important role than negative life events in shaping children's altruistic prosocial behaviors. Moreover,the parent-child relationship seems to be more important to the migrant children,whereas the teacher-child relationship is more important to the unattended children.

Objective: To investigate the effect of diabetes on the intensity of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2a)-SUMOylation and SERCA2a activity of myocardium in experimental rats.
Methods: The 8 weeks old SD rats were divided into 2 groups, Diabetic group, with diet-induced type 2 diabetic rats and Control group, with normal rats. The systolic and diastolic cardiac functions were evaluated by echocardiography and left ventricular pressure measurement. The intensity of SERCA2a-SUMOylation was examined by co-immunoprecipitation and SUMOylation kit.
Results: Compared with Control group, Diabetic group had decreased systolic and diastolic cardiac functions, especially for diastolic function;decreased SERCA2a protein expression and intensity of SUMOylation;decreased SUMOylation E2 (Ubc9 ) protein expression. The protein levels of SUMO1, SAE1 and SAE2 were similar between 2 groups.
Conclusion: The intensity of SERCA2a-SUMOylation and Ubc9 decreased in diabetic myocardium which implies that SERCA2a-SUMOylation and Ubc9 were closely related to the damage of diabetic myocardium in experimental rats.

Objective To investigate the differences of kinesin family member 4 (KIF4A) expression between hepatic carcinoma and adjacent tissue in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection,and to understand the effect of HBV on the expression of KIF4A.Methods Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were used to measure the expression of KIF4A in hepatic carcinoma and adjacent tissues. HepG2 cells were co-transfected with KIF4A promoter containing the luciferase gene and HBV infectious clone pHBV1.3,and luciferase activity was measured.Expression of KIF4A in HepG2 cells was measured after tranfected with different doses of pHBV1.3.The student's t-test was used for statistic analysis.Results Expression of KIF4A was much higher in hepatic carcinoma than that in adjacent tissues.HBV enhanced KIF4 A gene promoter activity and the luciferase activities were increased as the concentration of pHBV1.3 increased ( 0,0.2,0.4,0.6 and0.8 μg/mL),which were (126.8± 13.4),(219.8±16.7),(387.6±21.5),(586.5 ± 228.9 ) and (657.6 ± 35.5 ) RUL/μg protein,respectively,while the luciferase activities were (123.6± 13.8),(131.8± 14.6),(129.7-13.5),(135.3± 13.4) and (127.1± 12.7) RUL/μg protein,respectively with different doses of control plasmids transfected,and statistical analysis showed significant difference between them (t=4.875,P=0.006).And HBV upregulated KIF4A mRNA and protein expressions in HepG2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner.Conclusion Expression of KIF4A is enhanced in hepatic carcinoma and HBV can upregulate KIF4A expression.

5 fold) were noted.Six significant differential proteins in gel were identified by LTQ-ESI,e.g.endoplasmin precursor,acidic leucin-rich nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family member A,serotransferrin precursor,stress-70 protein precursor,fibronectin precursor,complement C3 precursor,fibrinogen gamma polypeptide.CONCLUSION: The protein profile of apoE-/-/LDLR-/-mouse liver exhibits significant difference compared to that of WT mice.The results imply that lipid metabolism relative polygenetic mutation contributes to the alteration of mouse liver protein expression profile,especially that lipid metabolism related perhaps participates in dysfunction in lipid metabolism during atherogenesis.

AIM:To clarify the effects of high fat/cholesterol diet on lipid metabolism and atherogenesis in treble genes mutant mice.METHODS:ApoE-/-/LDLR-/-/Leprdb/db mice were generated by cross apolipoprotein E,lower density lipoprotein receptor gene knockout mice with leptin receptor gene spontaneous point mutants.The mice were fed with high fat/cholesterol diet from 22-day-old.The total plasma cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG)and glucose levels were measured and pathological changes of aorta intima and liver were analyzed.RESULTS:A significant elevated TC,TG and glucose levels in plasma with progress of time in young treble gene mutant mice were observed,which were higher than that in ApoE-/-/LDLR-/-and Leprdb/db mutants.At time of only 2 weeks after fed with high fat/cholesterol diet,TC and TG levels reached(106.75?3.40)mmol/L,(9.12?1.35)mmol/L,respectively in treble gene mutant mice,4.33-and 2.36-fold higher than those in treble genes mutants fed with normal chow diet.The levels were continuously increased until final experimental point.Intima of the aorta appeared with various injuries such as edema,desquamation of the endothelial cells,foam cell formation,rupture of IEL in local regions of root and arch areas of aorta at 2 weeks after fed with high fat/cholesterol diet.Microscopic pathological complex of significant local intima incrassation and fatty change of the liver were observed in the mutants that fed with high fat/cholesterol diet for 8 weeks.Injuries of aorta were severe than normal dietetic control group.CONCLUSION:High fat/cholesterol diet as a key dietary factor is significant aggravated lipid metabolism abnormity,promotes early damage of aorta and process of atherogenesis in the treble genes mutants.

Objective To study the effect of caffeine on hyperoxic lung injury of premature rats and its relationship with p38 motigen-activated protein kinase( MAPK) signal pathway. Methods Sixty Wistar premature rats were divided into 4 groups(n＝15) according to the random number table:air + normal sa-line group(A+N group),air + caffeine group( A+C group),hyperoxia + normal saline group( H+N group),and hyperoxia + caffeine group(H+C group). Among them,H+N group and H+C group were continually exposed to hyperoxia ( oxygen concentration was 60% ~70%). For A + C group and H + C group,the premature rats were injected with caffeine of 29 mg/(kg·d) into their peritoneal cavities every day after birth. For A+N group and H+N group,the premature rats were injected with normal saline of the same volume into their peritoneal cavities. In each group,the lung tissues of 5 premature rats were randomly select-ed on the third, seventh and fourteenth day respectively. The pathological changes of lung tissue, radiated alveolar count(RAC) and collagen content in lung tissue were observed under a light microscope. The wet/dry ratio ( W/D) was measured. Two-step immunohistochemistry was used to detect the distribution of p38MAPK in lung tissue. The content of phosphorylated p38MAPK( p-p38MAPK) protein was detected by western blot. Results Compared with the air groups,the lung tissues of premature rats in high oxygen expo-sure groups showed different degree of inflammatory changes on the third,seventh,and fourteenth day. The changes were more obvious with the prolonged exposure to hyperoxia. Pulmonary fibrosis was visible on the fourteenth day,which was improved after caffeine intervention. The RAC value of premature rats in hyperoxia exposure groups was significantly lower than that in air-exposure groups(P<0. 05),and the W/D ratio and collagen content in lung tissue increased significantly (P<0. 05),which were improved after caffeine inter-vention(P<0. 05). The results of two-step immunohistochemistry showed that the number of p-p38MAPK positive cells in the lung tissue of premature rats in hyperoxia exposure groups increased and widely distribu-ted, but decreased after caffeine intervention. The results of western blot showed that the content of p-p38MAPK protein in lung tissue of premature rats in hyperoxia exposure groups was significantly higher than that of air groups(P<0. 05),but it decreased after caffeine intervention(P<0. 05). Conclusion Hy-peroxia can promote the formation of pulmonary fibrosis by activating p38MAPK signal pathway. Caffeine can interdict the expression of p38MAPK to alleviate the fibrosis of lung tissue exposed to hyperoxia and thus protects the lung tissue.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of motherwort (herbs leonuri/leonurus heterophyllus sweet) injection for preventing postpartum hemorrhage after caesarian section. Methods The prospective study was designed as a randomized and single blind multi-center research matched with positive agent as controls from Apt 2007 to Aug 2007. 440 women underwent caesarian section (CS) indicated by obstetric factors were enrolled from 15 teaching hospitals in China and assigned into three groups: group of motherwort: 147 cases were administered by motherwort 40 rag uterine injection during CS and 20 mg intramuscular injection per 12 hours 3 times after CS; group of motherwort + oxytocin : 144 cases were administered by motherwort 40 mg and oxytocin 10 U uterine injection during CS and motherwort 20 mg intramuscular injection per 12 hours 3 times after CS and group of oxytocin: 149 cases were administered by oxytocin 10 U uterine injection and oxytocin 10 U + 5% glucose 500 nd intravenously injection during operation and oxytocin 10 U intramuscular injection per 12 hours 3 times after CS. The following clinical parameter were collected and analyzed: (1) The amount of blood loss during operation, at 2, 6, 12, 24, 48 hours after operation. (2) The total amount of blood loss in 24 hours after CS and the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage. (3) The change of level of hemoglobin (Hb) and counting of red blood cell ( RBC ) from prepartum to postpartum. (4) Adverse reaction. Results (1) The mean amount of blood loss during operation were (368±258) ml in group of motherwort, (255±114) mi in group of motherwort + oxytocinand (269±141 ) ml in group of oxytocin, which exhibited significant difference among three groups ( P<0.01 ). Meanwhile, no statistical different amount of blood loss among three groups were observed at 2,6,12, 24, 48 hours after CS. (2)The amount of blood loss of postpartum at 24 hours were (480±276)ml ingroup of motherwort, (361±179) ml in group of motherwort + oxytocin, (381±179) nd in group of oxytocin, which showed significant difference among 3 groups(P <0.01 ). (3) The incidence of postpartum hemorrhage were 32.0% (47/147) in group of motherwort, 11.1% (16/144) in group of motherwort + oxytocin, and 18.8% in (28/149) in group of oxytocin. When comparing the lowest rate of postpartum blood loss in group of motherwort + oxytocin and the highest rate in group of motherwort, it displayed statistical difference (P<0.01). (4) The decreased level of RBC and Hb were shown that RBC(0.3±0.5)×10<'12<‘/L and Hb(9±13)g/L in group of motherwort, RBC (0.2±0.4)×10<'12/L and Hb ( 6±10) g/Lin group of motherwort + oxytocin and RBC (0.2±0.4)×10<'12/L and Hb(7±30) g/L in group of oxytocinrespectively. However, the comparison of different value of RBC and lib in group of oxytocin and motherwort +oxytocin showed significant difference (P<0.05 ). (5) Two cases with allery reaction was observed.Conclusion It is safe and efficacious that combined use of motherwort injection and oxytocin was to preventpostpartum hemorrhage during or after caesarian section.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has spread worldwide and threatened human's health. With the passing of time, the epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019 evolves and the knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 infection accumu-lates. To further improve the scientific and standardized diagnosis and treatment of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection in China, the Chinese Society of Perinatal Medicine of Chinese Medical Association commissioned leading experts to develop the Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Infection under the guidance of the Maternal and Child Health Department of the National Health Commission. This recommendations includes the epidemiology, diagnosis, management, maternal care, medication treatment, care of birth and newborns, and psychological support associated with maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection. It is hoped that the recommendations will effectively help the clinical management of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection.