Objective: To analyses the characters, diagnostic methods and therapeutic principles of non-neoplastic diseases of parotid gland. Methods:179 cases (84 famale and 95 male) of non-neoplastic disease treated in our hospital from 1985 to 2000 were reviewed and analysed clinically.Results: The patients were at the age of 1.5～76 years old (44.6 for average) with the case histry of 1～10 years. Among the 179 cases,66 were of chronic parotitis,48 lymphoid tuberculosis,24 benign lympho-epithplial lesion,22 lymphadenitis and lymphadenovarix and 19 other benign lesion.158 cases were treated by operation and the diagnosis of them was confirmed by pathological examination after operation;21 were clinically diagnosed and treated with drugs. Conclusion: Non-neoplastic diseases of parotid gland are easily confounded with neoplastic diseases. Surgically resection is an effective method for diagnosis and treatment.

Obiective To construct the manageable, stable and reliable computer terminal environment for the hospital. Technology was successfully applied to the outpatient doctor workstation and the student electronic reading room in one hospital, and the system was running well.Conclusion The technical application can not only ensure the system security and stability, but also realize centralized management and improve efficiency.

BACKGROUND:Insufficient blood supply after major bone defects leads to osteocyte necrosis;therefore, the tissue-engineered bone cannot meet the clinical requirements. OBJECTIVE:To construct an artificial vessel using in vitro cultured rabbit bone marrow stromal stem cel s and human umbilical vein endothelial cel s combined with the rabbit aortic decel ularized vascular matrix. METHODS:Rabbit bone marrow stromal stem cel s were cultured by adherent method, human umbilical vein endothelial cel s were cultured in vitro and isolated, and rabbit aortic decel ularized vascular stent was prepared. The stent-cel composite was constructed, and its biocompatibility was observed under scanning electron microscope. There were three groups:blank control, control (bone marrow stromal stem cel-stent) and experimental (stent-cel composites) groups (n=10 per group), fol owed by implantation around the smal vessels. Three months later, the vascular samples were col ected for gross observation and hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Fibroblast-like cel clones were formed by adherent method, and were positive for CD44+and STRO-1+after climbing;calcified nodule formed in the ossification. Flow cytometry showed CD34+accounting for 43.83%, and visible VIII factor in the endothelial cel s. In the experimental group, endothelial cel s formed a single cel layer onto the scaffold under scanning electron microscope;the artificial vessel grew wel and tubular structure presented and eight angiod structures were found. Thin film-like vessels formed in the blank control group and there were only endothelial-like tissues in the control group. These results suggest that angiod structures can form after the stent-cel composite implantation, causing no immune reaction, but the artificial vessel is visible in absence of muscular layer.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of medicine taking,the type and ratio of long-term medication and treatment satisfaction in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD),to analyze the effects of GERD combined with functional bowel disease (FBD) on the treatment satisfaction,and to compare the changes of type of medication and treatment satisfaction in patients with GERD in recent years.Methods From April to June in 2011,the questionnaire survey was conducted in gastroenterology clinic of People's Hospital of Peking University.The incidence of typical GERD symptoms was investigated by a validated reflux disease questionnaire (RDQ),the score between one and five was considered there might be reflux symptoms and the score over 12 was diagnosed as GERD.FBD was diagnosed according to Rome Ⅲ criteria.The information of GERD related medication taking within one year before the survey,long-term medication taking (≥ 1 year)and the treatment satisfaction of patients whose RDQ score over zero was recorded and compared with the data collected in the same method in 2004.The chi-square test was performed for data statistical analyses with SPSS 17.0 software.Results Among 1074 patients who completed questionnaire survey in 2011,the percentage of patients with reflux symptoms was 32.7％ (351/1074),the percentage of diagnosed GERD was 10.0％ (107/1074),and GERD combined with FBD was 25.2％ (27/107) of GERD.A total of 304 cases (86.6％) of patients with reflux symptoms had information of medication taking; 78.0％ (237/304) of whom had taken GERD related medication within one year before the survey.The rate of GERD related medication taking especially proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and antiacid medication taking increased along with RDQ score (x2 =24.2,13.1 and 18.2,all P＜0.05).A total of 104 cases of GERD patients had information of medication taking; 88.5 ％ (92/104) GERD patients had taken GERD related medication within one year before the survey,52.9％ (55/104) GERD patients had taken PPI medication,30.8％ (32/104) needed long-term medication and 20.2％ (21/104) needed longterm PPI treatment.There was no significant difference in treatment satisfaction between different RDQ score ranges (x2 =3.3,P＞0.05).Among GERD patients who appraised the effects of treatment,the percentage of satisfied,acceptable and not satified with the treatment was 37.1％(26/70),48.6％ (34/70)and 14.3％(10/70),respectively.There was no significant difference in treatment satisfation between GERD with and without FBD (x2 =3.1,P＞0.05).In 2011,the rates of medication taking (88.5％,92/104) and PPI taking (52.9％,55/104) in GERD patients significantly increased compared with those in 2004 (57.3％,98/171; 7.6％,13/171,x2 =29.4,71.4,both P＜0.05).The percentage of treatment satisfaction in 2011(37.1％,26/70) increased compared with that in 2004(25.7％,18/70,x2 =12.8,P＜0.01).Conclusions Some of patients with GERD symptoms need long-term medication,especially PPI treatment.In recent years,the rate of medication taking in GERD patients increased in outpatients department,PPI taking significantly increased and the treatment satisfaction also increased.Maybe the treatment satisfaction is not affected by GERD combined with FBD.

Objective To investigate the potential of stromal cells from human umbilical cord blood cultured in vitro to secrete hematopoietic growth factors. Methods The expressions of hematopoietic growth factors of stromal cells from human umbilical cord blood and bone marrow were detected by ELISA kits at different time points. Results Stromal cells from human umbilical cord blood could secrete thrombopoietin (TPO), granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and stem cell factor (SCF). The peak levels of TPO and SCF were found at 7 d after culture in vitro, but then the levels of these factors decreased gradually. Stromal cells from human umbilical cord blood secreted more SCF and GM-SCF, but less TPO than human bone marrow stromal cells. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that stromal cells from human umbilical cord blood could sustain hematopoiesis by secreting multiple types of hematopoietic growth factors such as TPO, GM-CSF, and SCF.

OBJECTIVE To study the risk factors and protection measures for the occupational exposure to HBV,and reduce the occupational exposure risk of blood.METHODS A survey was carried out among 1352 medical staff.And then we carried on the analysis to 43 questions of it and used Logistic regression analytic method to find out the risk factors and protective measures.RESULTS Seventy one persons had occuptional exposure risk to HBV and 56 persons had needle puncture wound or sharp wound.The risk factors included needle puncture wound or sharp wound,blood contaminated skin and mucous membrane,and the long working life.While knowledge of infection control,protection consciousness,washing hands,using gloves,and wearing glasses were the protective factors.CONCLUSIONS It plays the vital role to reduce occupational exposure to HBV that the medical staff should reduce injury in work,vaccinate the HBV vaccine,use protection goods and raise the protection consciousness.

Objective To explore the application of CT value in calculating the proton incident energy in proton treatment planning system. Methods Bethe-Block formula and the formula for calculating the proton range were analyzed to study the correlation of the range of proton beam ( 70-250 MeV ) between a variety of radiation equivalent material and water. Procedure of Monte Carlo SRIM2008 was used to verify the possibility of a constant proportional coefficient of range ( Ci ). The proportional coefficient ( Ci ) of range in radiation-equivalent material and the CT value were fitted by using Origin 8.0 software to study the functional relation of CT value and Ci. The actual range of proton was equivalent to a range of water and incident proton energy could be calculated. Results There was a constant range of Ci of proton beam (70-250 MeV) between a variety of radiation equivalent material and water. There was a functional relation between CT value and Ci ( r = 0.999). The actual range of proton in radiation equivalent material can be equivalent to a range of the water. Conclusions CT values and a range of proportional coefficient ( Ci ),and the actual required range of the tumor could be used to accurately calculate the water equivalent range,and the incident proton energy to the position of Bragg peak. A new exploration for using CT technology in proton treatment planning system could be obtained.

Objective To observe the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in quantitatively evaluating the evolution of the blood supply of rabbit liver VX2 tumor models in early stage. Methods Eighteen liver VX2 tumor models of rabbits were divided into 3 groups randomly (each n=6). CEUS was performed on the 10th, 15th and 20th day group after establishemnt, resepectively. Time intensity curve (TIC) was plotted, the rabbits' liver tumor and surrounding normal liver tissue were resected for immuno-histochemistry and microvessel density (MVD) count. Results CEUS showed that the rabbit liver VX2 tumor present a typical malignant tumor imaging fast-in and fast-out in early stage. TIC showed that the time to peak (TTP) of hepatic tumor is shorter than that of surrounding normal liver tissue in all three groups (P＜0.01), no statistical difference of tumor's TTP was detected among three groups (P>0.05). Absolute enhanced intensity (AEI) and MVD reduced in turn of 10th, 15th and 20th day group. MVD of tumor was higher in 10thday group than surrounding normal liver tissue (P＜0.01), while was equal in 15th day group (P>0.05) and lower in 20th day group (P＜0.01). AEI of liver tumor had positive correlation with MVD (r=0.83, P＜0.05). Conclusion AEI of TIC can be used to quantitatively assess the evolution of the blood supply in rabbit liver VX2 tumor models. The blood supply in early stage of rabbit liver VX2 tumor models shows a gradual descent process from abundant blood supply to medium blood supply and then low blood supply.

Objective To evaluate the effect of lappaconitine on renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice.Methods Thirty-six male Wistar rats,weighing 180-220 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=12 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),group I/R and lappaconitine group (group LA).Renal I/R was induced by occlusion of the left renal pedicle for 45 min with atraumatic microclips followed by reperfusion,and the right kidney was removed after atraumatic microclips were released.At 30 min before reperfusion,lappaconitine 4 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally in group LA,and normal saline 2 ml was given in S and I/R groups.In group S,the left renal pedicle was only isolated.At 5 and 24 h of reperfusion,blood samples were taken from the inferior vena cava for determination of serum creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations,and kidney specimens were obtained for histopathologic examination (with light microscope) and for determination of the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in renal tissues (by immunohistochemistry).Results Compared with group S,the serum Cr and BUN concentrations were significantly increased,and the expression of COX-2 and MMP-2 in renal tissues was up-regulated at 5 and 24 h of reperfusion in I/R and LA groups.Compared with group I/R,the serum Cr and BUN concentrations were significantly decreased,the expression of COX-2 and MMP-2 in renal tissues was down-regulated at 5 and 24 h of reperfusion and histopathologic changes were reduced in group LA.Conclusion Lappaconitine can attenuate renal I/R injury through inhibiting the expression of COX-2 and MMP-2 in rats.

Objective To evaluate the effects of sinomenine on the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) during renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/ R) in rats.Methods Fifty-four male Wistar rats, weighing 180-220 g, were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=18 each) using a random number table: sham operation group (group S) , group I/R and sinomenine group (group SIN).Renal I/R was induced by clamping the left renal pedicle for 45 min followed by reperfusion in I/R and SIN groups.In group S, the bilateral renal pedicels were only exposed.Sinomenine 60 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 30 min before reperfusion in group SIN, while the equal volume of normal saline was given in group S and group I/R.At 6, 12 and 24 h (T1-3) of reperfusion, 6 rats from each group were chosen, and blood samples were drawn from the hearts for determination of the serum creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations.The animals were then sacrificed, and the left kidney was removed and embedded into a paraffin block for determination of the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in the renal tissues (by immuno-histochemistry).Results Compared with group S, the serum Cr and BUN concentrations were significantly increased at T1-3 , and the expression of HIF-1α was significantly up-regulated at T2,3 in group I/R and group SIN, and the expression of VEGF was significantly upregulated at T2,3in group I/R, and at T1-3 in group SIN.Compared with group I/R, the serum Cr concentration at T1-3 and serum BUN concentration at T2,3 were significantly decreased and the expression of HIF-1α at T2,3and VEGF at T1-3was significantly up-regulated in group SIN.Conclusion The mechanism by which sinomenine attenuates renal I/R injury is related to up-regulation of the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in the renal tissues of rats.