Objective:This study aimed to investigate the pattern of anxiety-related attentional bias for threaten- ing words in subjects with high-and low-trait anxiety by repeating the occasions of stimulus exposures.Methods:High (upper 25%)and low(lower 25%)anxious individuals(N=24 and N=23 respectively)participated in a forced- choice reaction time version of a modified dot-probe task.There were 48 negative-neutral word pairs chosen as stimuli. Each word pairs were presented eight occasions in different blocks,and at each occasion the attentional bias to the e- motionally negative word was examined.Results:High anxious individuals showed initial selective attention to the neg- ative words when they were presented for the first occasion(t=2.34,P

Earthquakes affect numerous people,among whom many may develop PTSD.Therefore,easily disseminated and effective psychological interventions are urgently needed.The clinical practice guidelines developed by the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies suggested that exposure therapy was the most empirically supported treatment for PTSD.The present study introduced Behavioral models of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder,major process of Exposure treatment for PTSD and relative problems.Compared with other treatments for PTSD,the theory models and techniques of Exposure treatment of PTSD are easier and readily lend themselves to dissemination.Considering serious situation now and in the future after this earthquake in Sichuan,clinical professionals should pay attention to exposure treatment of PTSD.

Objective To investigate clinical characteristics and treatment of Hoffa fractures.Methods Twenty patients with Hoffa fracture (24 condyles) were treated from January 2002 to April 2009.They were 14 men (18 condyles) and 6 women (6 condyles), aged from 20 to 70 years (average, 43. 3 years).There were 15 fractures of medial femoral condyle and 9 ones of lateral femoral condyle. Two rare cases were fractures of unilateral bi-condyles and one rare case fractures of unilateral bi-condyles plus contralateral single condyle. Four fractured condyles were old due to implant failure and 20 were fresh. According to the modified Letenneur's classification, there were 6 condyles of type Ⅰ, 4 condyles of type Ⅱ and 14 condyles of type Ⅲ.Fifteen condyles were fixed anteroposteriorly with 2 to 4 cancellous or canulated screws, 8 condyles were fixed posteroanteriorly with 2 to 4 screws, and one condyle was fixed with K wires. Five condyles were fixed with screws plus lateral supporting plates, and 3 condyles with screws plus posterior anti-sliding plates. Results All the patients were followed up for an average of 14. 4 months (6 to 84 months) . All the 24 condyles obtained bony union after an average of 18. 6 weeks (from 12 to 44 weeks). There was no infection, implant failure, nonunion or bone necrosis. According to Letenneur's functional assessment system, 16 condyles were excellent, 6 good and 2 poor, with a good-to-excellent rate of 91. 7%. Conclusions All Hoffa fractures should be treated with screws. Screw diameter, fixation direction and surgical incision should depend on facture type and size of fracture block. Unstable Hoffa fractures should be treated with screws combined with lateral supporting plates or posterior anti-sliding plates.

Objective:To investigate effectiveness of exposure and ritual prevention of patients with obsession-compul-sive disorder(OCD),so as to provide references for professionals in clinical psychology.Methods:One female patient with severe OCD received 3 weeks intensive exposure and ritual prevention treatment.In order to investigate the effectiveness,she completed Symptom Check List 90 and Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale(SCL-90 and YBOCS) at pre-treat-ment,mid-treatment and post-treatment.Results:After treatment,the patient's scores of questionnaires reduced,such as score on YBOCS reduced from 38 to 9.She reported that her washing time reduced obviously and her own measure of dis-tress index reduced.Conclusion:Exposure and ritual prevention could treat the patient with OCD effectively.Her distress reduced and life function was improved.

Objective To investigate the effect of povidone iodine irrigation combined with levofloxacin eye drops on the inflammatory indexes, NO and antioxidant indices in serum and tear fluid of patients with diabetic cataract.Methods 50 cases of pati ents with diabetic cataract and admitted into the hospital during January 2013 to January 2015 were selected as the research objects all of whom received cataract surgery.According to the randomized double blind method, the patients were divided into two groups with 20 cases in each group.The control group received levofloxacin eye drops intervention before surgery while the observation group were treated withpovidone iodine irrigation, based on the control group.The inflammatory indexes (IL-2, sIL-2R, IL-6), NO, antioxidant indexes (TAC, SOD, CAT) and condition of postoperative infection were compared between the two groups before and after irrigation.ResuIts In the observation group, the sIL-2R, IL-6 and NO levels in serum and tear fluid after irrigation were significantly lower than those in the control group while IL-2, TAC, SOD and CAT were significantly higher than those in the control group.The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).The postoperative infection rate of the observation group was 0.0% which was significantly lower than 16.0% of the control group.The difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05 ) .ConcIusion Povidone iodine irrigation combined with levofloxacin eye drops can significantly reduce the inflammatory reactions in patients with diabetic cataract and improve their antioxidant level.

Objective Chronic pain has brought great suffering to patients,as well as a heavy burden to the society.More attention has been paid on the efficiency of psychological intervention as supplementary means.Among the treatments,acceptance strategy shows its superiority and gradually enters people's field of vision.However,researches in this area are still very scarce.This study intends to review relevant research to provide reference to clinical work and research.Methods Theacceptance andchronic pain as the keywords were searched from the American Psychological Association (APA),China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI),Wanfang data from 1994 to 2014 in English and Chinese articles,and the articles were chosen according to the criteria:① chronic pain and its current situation;②acceptance strategy or acceptance-based therapy;③intervention to chronic pain based on acceptance strategy;④to explore the intervention mechanism of aueptance strategy.Results Eventually,7 Chinese articles and 42 English articles were adopted.Conclusion Acceptance strategy shows some advantages in clinical pain improvement:it can significantly improve the psychological and social function of patients,but it is not always efficient in reducing the pain intensity.There are still some limitations in the present study.It is necessary to develop an acceptance-based therapy with Chinese culture to treat the domestic patients.

BACKGROUND:There are few clinical control ed trials about the clinical effects in patients with pertrochanteric femur fractures after treatment with short or long proximal femoral nail antirotation.
OBJECTIVE:To compare the clinical outcomes in patients with AO/ASIF-A1/2 pertrochanteric femur fractures after treatment with short or long proximal femoral nail antirotation.
METHODS:A total of 98 patients with AO/ASIF-A1/2 pertrochanteric femur fractures were treated by proximal femoral nail antirotation. They were divided into two groups according to the type of proximal femoral nail antirotation:short nail group (n=50) and long nail group (n=48). The operative time, blood loss, and hospital stay were recorded in both groups. In fol ow-up, fracture healing time, imaging and clinical complications were evaluated. In the final fol ow-up, Harris hip score was used to evaluate functional recovery.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the short nail group, operative time was shorter and blood loss was less in the long nail group (P<0.05). No significant difference in hospital stay was detected between the short nail and long nail groups (P>0.05). Average fol ow-up periods were respectively (15.8±6.4) months and (16.2±5.7) months in the long nail and short nail groups.“Cutting-out”or infection occurred in five patients in the long nail group and three in the short nail group. Besides above-mentioned patients, the remaining patients in the two groups achieved fracture healing. No significant difference in average fracture healing time was detected between groups (P=0.588). In the final fol ow-up, no significant difference in Harris hip score was detectable in the two groups (P=0.204). The incidence rates of total postoperative complications in the long and short nail groups were 31.2%and 16.0%, respectively (P=0.075). Results suggested that no differences in the union and complication rates between the two groups were identified, suggesting that long nails offer no advantage compared with short nails for stabilizing AO/ASIF-A1/A2 pertrochanteric femur fractures.

Objective To study the anti-depressive mechanisms of acupuncture by investigating the effects of acupuncture on depressive behaviors and amino-neurotransmitter in hippocampus in rats treated with chronic mild unpredicted stresses.Methods Thirty adult SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group,a depressive model group and an acupuncture group,with 10 rats in each group.Separated feeding,long-term unpredictable and middle stimulation stress were used for development of depression rat model.At the same time,the third group was treated by acupuncture.Autonomic behavior was measured with Open Field test and concentration of amino-neurotransmitter in hippocampus was measured by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection.Results Compared with the normal group,autonomic activity of the rats and the concentration of GABA were significantly reduced in the model group,while the concentration of Glu was significantly increased(P0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture could reverse the depressive behaviors of rats caused by middle stimulation stress,and its anti-depressive mechanisms is related to the function of regulating the concentration of amino-neurotransmitter in hippocampus.

Objective To evaluate the effect of the interlocking nail for extremity fractures. Methods This study reviews 1224 cases of extremity fractures treated with locking intramedullary nail fixation from October 1996 to June 2004, including 92 cases humeral shaft fracture; 210 cases intertrochanteric fractures; 488 cases femoral shaft fractures; 92 cases supracondylar femoral fractures; 342 cases tibia and fibular fractures. According to the AO classification there were 642 type A, 364 type B and 218 type C. There were 986 cases (72.4%) high-energy injury; 405 cases were multiple injury. There is 778 male and 446 female with mean age 39 years (range 16-92 years). Duration from injury to operation was 8 days(3 hour-30 days). Close reduction was 1203 cases and open reduction were 21 cases. Results Mean follow-up period is 24 months(6-70 month), mean operation time was 90 minutes(40-480 minutes). Union was in 1204 cases, union rate was 98.2%, mean union time was 5 months (3-12 months) on average, there were nonunion in 22 patients: 4 in humeral shaft, 8 in femoral shaft, 4 in supracondylar femur, 6 in tibia shaft, the nonunion rate is 1.8%. Late deep infection occurred in 3 patients: 1 in femoral shaft, 1 in supracondylar femur, 1 in intertrochanteric femur, the infection rate is 0.2%. There were 16 split in intraoperation: 4 in humeral nail, 4 in Gamma nail, 9 in supracondylar nail. Iatrogenic nerve palsy occurred in 6 patients: 2 in radial nerve, 2 in sciatic nerve, 2 in common peroneal nerve, the occurrence is 0.4%. One femoral nail was broken, locking screw were broken in 9 patients (0.6%), femoral shaft fracture of distal nail end occurred in 3 cases: 1 in Gamma nail, two in supracondylar nail. 53 patient complained uncomfortable in entry point (8 shoulders; 9 hips; 36 knees). Conclusion The result is satisfactory in bone healing low infection reduced blood loss and rapid recovery of the joint and body with the close interlocking nailing to be treatment of fresh extremity shaft fracture. It is a perfect method, however the complication should be pay more attention.

Objective:To construct eukaryotic expressing vector of the full length coding sequence of Bad gene and to express the gene in the basal cell carcinima A431 cells.Methods:Bad gene was amplified from Hela cell line by RT-PCR and the fragment of the cDNA was cloned into eukaryotic expressing vector pcDNA3.1-myc by ligating the fragment into XhoI and EcoRI site.The recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1-myc-Bad was identified by DNA sequencing and restriction enzyme analysis.The gene transfection mediated by lipofectin was used to introduce the eukaryotic expressing vector of pcDNA3.1-myc-Bad into human basal cell carcinima A431 cells. After selection with G418, resistant colonies were obtained.Trasfection efficiency was identified by Western blot and SABC-FITC assay.Cell proliferation was examined by cell counting and colonogenic assay after transfection.Results:A 500 bp DNA fragment was amplified with RT-PCR.Sequence and restriction enzyme analysis showed that the recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1-myc-Bad was constructed successfully.In human basal cell carcinima cell line A431 Bad gene was expressed.The cell proliferation was inhibited by 62.6% and colonogenesis by 39.9% by the transfection of the gene.Conclusion: Human Bad gene was successfully cloned.Transfection of basal cell carcinoma cells with the gene may inhibit the cell proliferation and colonogenesis.