An observation revealed the effects of Gypenosides on platelet function in rabbits by transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that Gypenosides itself did not affect platelt ultrastructure, but coult inhibit platelts from changes in the shape of platelet, pseudopodium formation and granule release during aggregation induced by ADP, arachidonic acid (AA) and collagen, suggesting that Gypenosides are a inhibiter of platelet function.

Objective To develop an HPLC method to determine the contents of chrysophanol, emodin, physcion, aloe-emodin, sennoside A, and sennoside B simultaneously in the aerial part of Rheum tanguticum Maxim.ex Balf. Methods The analysis was achieved with an Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 analytic column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) by gradient elution of methanol-0.1％ phosphoric acid in water gradient elution system (0 min, 70％ B; 5 min, 65％ B;8–16 min, 60％ B; 18–23 min, 55％ B; 25–30 min, 45％ B; 32–39 min, 35％ B; 49–57 min, 24％ B; 65–72 min, 20％ B). The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min; detection wavelength was 254 nm; the column temperature was room temperature; the quantification used external standard method. Results The peak areas and concentrations of chrysophanol, emodin, physcion, aloe-emodin, sennoside A, and sennoside B showed good linear relationship within a certain concentration range (r≥0.9995); the RSD of precision was 0.75％–1.17％; the RSD of repeatability was 0.99％–2.06％; the RSD of stability was 0.97％–1.76％; the average recoveries were 99.7％–100.4％. The results showed that there were differences in content between the root and aerial part of Rheum tanguticum Maxim.ex Balf. Conclusion HPLC method for simultaneous determination of contents of 6 contents of the aerial part of Rheum tanguticum Maxim.ex Balf can be used as the references for quality control.

Objective To investigate the association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the presence of the shared epitope (SE) of HLA DRB1 gene in Han nationality of Shandong population.Methods The method of DNA amplification with sequence specific primers (PCR SSP) was used to determine 17 alleles of HLA DRB101,04,10 genotypes in 132 RA patients and 130 healthy controls from the Han nationality population in Shandong.Results The frequencies of SE were significantly increased in RA patients compared with controls (50 0% vs 22 3%, P

Active immunotherapy for cancer aims to treat disease by inducing effective cellular immunity and humoral immunity.Research on virus-like particles(VLPs)vaccines has made tremendous progress in recent years,dramatically reducing morbidity and mortality from some infectious diseases.VLPs are nanoparticles self-assembled from one or more structural proteins,with highly ordered repeat sequences and good immunogenicity,which can induce strong cellular immune and humoral immune responses.VLPs can overcome immunosuppressive state of tumor microenvironment,break self-tolerance,and trigger strong cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity,which is critical for both viral clearance and destruction of cancer cells.This article mainly reviews current research progress of VLPs-based cancer vaccines and potential defects of VLPs as vaccine carriers in development of cancer vaccines.

Virus-like particles(VLPs)are nanoparticles that are self-assembled from one or more structural proteins,which can be arranged in several layers or contain a lipid outer membrane.Due to the lack of genetic material,VLPs cannot infect host cells,but are highly immunogenic and can induce immune responses different from conventional inactivated vaccines.VLPs can be produced using a variety of systems including bacterial,yeast,plant,insect and mammalian cells.Compared with traditional vaccines,VLPs have incomparable advantages,so they are becoming more and more popular in the biomedical field.To date,a series of vaccine candi-dates based on VLPs have been developed for immunization and prevention of various infectious diseases.At the same time,the recent successful application of VLPs in targeted drug delivery and gene therapy has attracted attention.This paper mainly reviews the com-monly used expression systems of VLPs and the research progress of their applications.

Single chain antibody fragment (scFv) is a small molecule composed of a variable region of heavy chain (VH) and a variable region of light chain (VL) of an antibody, and these two chains are connected by a flexible short peptide. scFv is the smallest functional fragment with complete antigen-binding activity, which contains both the antibody-recognizing site and the antigen-binding site. Compared with other antibodies, scFv has the advantages of small molecular weight, strong penetration, low immunogenicity, and easy expression. Currently, the most commonly used display systems for scFv mainly include the phage display system, ribosome display system, mRNA display system, yeast cell surface display system and mammalian cell display system. In recent years, with the development of scFv in the field of medicine, biology, and food safety, they have also attracted much attention in the sectors of biosynthesis and applied research. This review summarizes the advances of scFv display systems in recent years in order to facilitate scFv screening and application.
Animals ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics* ; Immunoglobulin Fragments/metabolism* ; Single-Chain Antibodies/metabolism* ; Peptide Library ; Mammals/genetics*