Objective To study the effect of inflammatory cytokines on diabetic nephropathy.Methods Blood glucose(BG),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),serum creatinine(Scr) and 24 hour urinary protein(24hUPro) were detected at the end of 4 weeks and 8 weeks study in male SD rats.The rats were divided into diabetes(DM) group and normal control(NC) group.Kidney weight/body weight ratio(KI) of rats were measured and calculated.Kidney pathological changes were observed by light microscope and electron microscope.Expressions of interleukin-18(IL-18),intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1)and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-?) in glomeruli were detected by immunohistochemical staining.Results Compared with homochronous NC group,BG,KI,24hUPro,Scr and expressions of IL-18,ICAM-1,TNF-? were significantly higher in DM group(P

Objective To investigate protective effects of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) on kidneys of diabetic rats and the possible mechanism. Methods Thirty-four streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: diabetic aminals without treatment (D group), diabetic rats treated with PDTC (P group), diabetic rats treated with MMF (M group), diabetic rats treated with combined PDTC and MMF (P+M group), and normal rats were considered as control group (C group). Blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), and 24 h urinary protein (24 h UP) were detected at the end of treatment lasting for 8 weeks. Kidneys were weighed in order to measure kidney weight/body weight ratio (KI) after rats were killed. Pathological changes in the kidneys were observed by light microscope and electron microscope. Expressions of interleukin-18 (IL-18), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in renal glomerulus were detected by immunohistochemical staining.Results Blood glucose, BUN, Scr, 24 h UP, KI were significantly higher in D, P, M and P+M groups than those in C group (all P＜0.05). BUN, Scr, 24 h UP, KI were significantly lower in P, M and P+M groups than those in D group (all P＜0.05). 24 h UP was reduced in P+M groups compared with P,M groups (P＜0.05). Pathological changes were attenuated in P,M and P+M groups compared with D group. Expressions of IL-18, ICAM-1, TNF-α in renal glomerulus were much higher in D group than those in C group (all P＜0.05) and were reduced in P, M and P+M groups compared with D group (all P＜0.05). Expressions of IL-18, ICAM-1, TNF-α in P+M group were lower than those in P group (all P＜0.05), while expressions of IL-18, TNF-α were lower than those in M group (both P＜0.05). Conclusion The protective effects on kidneys of diabetic rats produced by combined use of PDTC with MMF were much better than by the application of either PDTC or MMF alone. The mechanism appears to be related with suppressing expressions of inflammatory cytokines.

Objective To use helical tomotherapy ( HT ) for determining the difference between actual doses and planning doses to the target volume and organs at risk ( OARs ) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma receiving radiotherapy, and to provide guidance for the clinical treatment. Methods Localization and delineation of the target volume and OARs were performed by computed tomography ( CT) in 21 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma receiving radical radiotherapy using HT. All patients underwent megavoltage CT ( MVCT) scan prior to treatment. The obtained MVCT images were used for dose reconstruction in the adaptive module of HT, in which the actual dose was obtained and the non?image?guided dose was simulated. Each single dose distribution and the corresponding CT image were sent to software MIM6. 0 for superimposition, and the overall dose was obtained. The initial plan, image?guided plan, and non?image?guided plan were named Plan?1, 2, and 3, respectively. The dose distribution in the target volume and OARs was compared between the three plans with t ? test or wilcoxon test . Results Compared with those in Plan?1, the D98 values for the planning gross tumor volume ( PGTV) and planning target volume ( PTV) in Plan?2 were significantly reduced by 1. 16% and 2. 3%, respectively ( P=0. 025;P=0. 043);the volumes of the left and right parotids in Plan?2 were significantly reduced by 46. 0% and 46. 5% on average, respectively ( P=0. 000);the distances between the midline and the center?of?mass for left and right parotids were significantly reduced by 6. 9% and 6. 5%, respectively ( P=0. 000);the V26 and Dmean for both parotid glands were significantly elevated by 32. 8% and 25. 2%, respectively ( P=0. 000) . Compared with those in Plan?1, the D98 values for PGTV, PTV?1, and PTV?2 in Plan?3 were significantly reduced by 2. 0%, 1. 9%, and 2. 4%, respectively ( P=0. 001;P=0. 007;P=0. 036);the V26 and Dmean for both parotid glands in Plan?3 were significantly elevated by 33. 6% and 25. 3%, respectively ( P=0. 000);Dmax to the spinal cord was significantly increased by 6. 9%( P=0. 005) . There was no significant difference in D2 to the spinal cord between Plan?2 and Plan?1( P=0. 392) . Conclusions The doses to both parotid glands increase during HT for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which is closely associated with the shift of the parotid glands toward the midline. Image?guided radiotherapy does not enhance the dose to the target volume, but reduces the dose to the spinal cord.

Methods: Data from students at Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were collected and organized according to the 24 solar terms from January 21, 2020, to April 6, 2022. The data were used to identify nine TCM constitutions, including balanced constitution, Qi deficiency constitution, Yang deficiency constitution, Yin deficiency constitution, phlegm dampness constitution, damp heat constitution, stagnant blood constitution, Qi stagnation constitution, and specific-inherited predisposition constitution. Deep learning algorithms were employed to construct multi-layer perceptron (MLP), long short-term memory (LSTM), and deep belief network (DBN) models for the prediction of TCM constitutions based on the nine constitution types. To optimize these TCM constitution prediction models, this study introduced the attention mechanism (AM), grey wolf optimizer (GWO), and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The models’ performance was evaluated before and after optimization using the F1-score, accuracy, precision, and recall. Results: The research analyzed a total of 31 655 pieces of data. (i) Before optimization, the MLP model achieved more than 90% prediction accuracy for all constitution types except the balanced and Qi deficiency constitutions. The LSTM model's prediction accuracies exceeded 60%, indicating that their potential in TCM constitutional prediction may not have been fully realized due to the absence of pronounced temporal features in the data. Regarding the DBN model, the binary classification analysis showed that, apart from slightly underperforming in predicting the Qi deficiency constitution and damp heat constitution, with accuracies of 65% and 60%, respectively. The DBN model demonstrated considerable discriminative power for other constitution types, achieving prediction accuracy rates and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) values exceeding 70% and 0.78, respectively. This indicates that while the model possesses a certain level of constitutional differentiation ability, it encounters limitations in processing specific constitutional features, leaving room for further improvement in its performance. For multi-class classification problem, the DBN model’s prediction accuracy rate fell short of 50%. (ii) After optimization, the LSTM model, enhanced with the AM, typically achieved a prediction accuracy rate above 75%, with lower performance for the Qi deficiency constitution, stagnant blood constitution, and Qi stagnation constitution. The GWO-optimized DBN model for multi-class classification showed an increased prediction accuracy rate of 56%, while the PSO-optimized model had a decreased accuracy rate to 37%. The GWO-PSO-DBN model, optimized with both algorithms, demonstrated an improved prediction accuracy rate of 54%. Conclusion This study constructed MLP, LSTM, and DBN models for predicting TCM constitution and improved them based on different optimisation algorithms. The results showed that the MLP model performs well, the LSTM and DBN models were effective in prediction but with certain limitations. This study also provided a new technology reference for the establishment and optimisation strategies of TCM constitution prediction models,and a novel idea for the treatment of non-disease.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of heat-clearing and dampness-removing therapy combined with Bifico for ulcerative colitis ( UC) induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid ( TNBS), and to explore its influence on tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF-α) and interleukin-10 ( IL-10) in rats. Methods Forty female adult Sprague-Dawley rats were evenly randomized into five groups, namely normal control group, model group, Bifico (175 mg/kg) group, Chinese medicine group(enema with Changdiqing 3.6/kg and oral use of Changyanling Recipe l) , and Chinese medicine plus Bifico group. After treatment, the damage of colonic mucous membrane was evaluated, and expression levels of IL-10 and TNF-α in colonic mucosa were observed through immunohistochemical assay. Results The degree of colonic mucosal injury was severer and the inflammation was more obvious in the model group than those in the normal control groups ( P<0.01) , and the above changes were relieved to various degrees in the medication group ( P<0.01 compared with those in the model group) . Chinese medicine plus Bifico group had better effect on reducing colonic mucosa damage index ( CMDI) and inflammation, and on promoting the healing of colonic mucosa than Bifico group and Chinese medicine group (P<0.05 ) . The expression level of TNF-α in the colonic mucosa was markedly increased while that of IL-10 was markedly decreased in the model group ( P<0.01 compared with those in the normal control group) . The medication groups could counteract the above changes in the colonic mucosa ( P<0.01 compared with those in the model group) . The combination group and Chinese medicine group had better effect on decreasing TNF-α expression level and on increasing IL-10 expression level than Bifico group ( P<0.05) . Conclusion IL-10 and TNF-α play an important role in the pathogenesis and development of ulcerative colitis. Chinese medicine combined with Bifico has satisfactory therapeutic effect on UC rats, and its mechanism may be related with the increase of IL-10 expression level and with the decrease of TNF-α expression level.

Objective To explore the current status of healthcare-associated infection (HAI)and antimicrobial use in a children’s hospital.Methods Prevalence rates of HAI and antimicrobial use among hospitalized patients at 0∶00—24∶00 of May 1 ,2014 were investigated by combination of bedside visiting and medical record reviewing. Results A total of 1 027 patients were investigated,8 patients developed 10 times of infection,prevalence rate of HAI was 0.78%,prevalence case rate was 0.97%.HAI mainly occurred in patients in blood center (n =4),the main infection site was respiratory tract(upper respiratory tract,n=2;lower respiratory tract,n=2),antimicrobial usage rate was 62.12%.Antimicrobial usage rate,purpose of antimicrobial use,and combination use of antimicro-bial agents among different departments were all significantly different(all P <0.05).The departments with top 3 antimicrobial usage rates were neonatal center(89.69%),emergency center(76.00%),and comprehensive depart-ment(73.91 %);except department of ophthalmology-otorhinolaryngology-stomatology (preventive antimicrobial use accounted for 57.89%)and department of surgery(therapeutic antimicrobial use accounted for 26.32%),the other departments mainly used therapeutic antimicrobial agents;department of ophthalmology-otorhinolaryngology-stoma-tology,heart center,and neurological rehabilitation center mainly adopted single medication treatment (all >95%), two-drug combination rate in neonatal center accounted for 48.28%,three-drug combination rate in blood center ac-counted for 30.30%.Conclusion Routine surveillance on departments and sites of high HAI incidence should be in-tensified in children’s hospitals,training on knowledge of HAI among health care workers should be strengthened, and antimicrobial should be used rationally.

BACKGROUND:Previous research have confirmed that CD34 is closely related to oncogenesis, progress, recurrence, metastasis and drug-resistance of various cancers, but its role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma remains unclear.
OBJECTIVE:Tosortcels positive and negative for CD34 in nasopharyngealcarcinoma cel lines and to detect cel proliferation and migration.
METHODS:Expressionsof CD34 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cel lines 5-8F, 6-10B, CNE1 and CNE2 were detected by flow cytometry. And CD34+and CD34-cels were sorted based on cel surfacemarkers for purity identification. Afterwards, proliferation and migrationof CD34+and CD34-celswere detected by MTT assay, colony-formation assay and scratch assay.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al four nasopharyngeal carcinoma cel lines expressed CD34 in
0.1%-0.2%, and the level of CD34 was closely related to the cel growth density. The purity of CD34+cel was more than 98% in the sorted CD34+celpopulations, but no CD34+cels were found inthe sorted
CD34-celpopulations.At 1, 3, 5 and 7 daystheproliferation rate of CD34+cel, populationswas
significantly higher than that of CD34-cels (P< 0.05). Consistently, thecolony-formation efficiencyof CD34+cel was significantlyhigher than that ofCD34-cels (P< 0.05). Moreover, CD34+cels migrated significantly faster than CD34-cels by scratch assay (P< 0.05). In conclusion, CD34+cels culturedin vitro display higher proliferation and migration capacities, indicating that CD34+celshavethe potential of nasopharyngeal carcinoma stem cels.

AIM: To study the pathological change in mouse organs immunitied by inactivated SARS-CoV vaccine. METHODS: Inactivated SARS-CoV vaccine was injected into BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Anti-SARS antibody was analyzed by ELISA. After 8 weeks, the immunitied mice were killed and those organs were analyzed by pathological methods. RESULTS: Anti-SARS antibody in mice was positive after 8 days. Only minimal injury was observed in a few lungs and livers, but the other organs were not. CONCLUSIONS: Inactivated SARS-CoV vaccine induced mice to create antibody, whereas they did not cause severe injury. This result will be valuable for vaccine into clinical research. [

Objective:To investigate the effects of hippocampal injection of tyrosine kinase receptor binding protein B3(Ephrin-B3) agonist on spontaneous seizures and the expression of hippocampal secretory glycoprotein (Reelin) and phosphorylated adaptor protein (p-Dab1) in epileptic model rats.Methods:Seventy-eight rats were randomly divided into control group and model group according to body mass matching with 39 rats in each group.The rats in control group were fed normaly, and the rats in model group were established epilepsy model by intraperitoneal injection of lithium chloride pilocarpine. The hippocampal tissues were taken in the acute phase (7 days), quiescent phase (14 days) and chronic phase (60 days) after the successful induction of status epilepticus. The levels of Reelin protein and p-Dab1 protein in the hippocampal tissues of epileptic model rats and normal rats were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.And thirteen rats were randomly selected at each time point. Another 48 rats were randomly divided into normal Fc-control group, normal EphB3-Fc group, epilepsy Fc-control group and epilepsy EphB3-Fc group, with 12 rats in each group. Rats in the first two groups were fed normally, and those in the latter two groups were established epileptic model. Seven days after modeling, all rats were injected into bilateral hippocampus with EphB3-Fc (Ephrin-B3 agonist) and FC control (control agent of Ephrin-B3 agonist) according to the grouping, once a day for 7 days. After administration, the changes of behavior and EEG were observed within two weeks. At the same time, the expression of Reelin protein and p-Dab1 protein were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. SPSS 21.0 was used for statistical analysis, One-way ANOVA was used for multi group comparison, and Tukey's test was used for pairwise comparison.Results:The results of immunohistochemistry and Western blot showed that compared with the control group, the levels of Reelin and p-Dab1 protein in hippocampus of model group decreased significantly at 7, 14 and 60 days after epilepsy (all P<0.01). The results of immunohistochemistry showed that compared with epilepsy Fc-control group, the levels of p-Dab1 ((0.41±0.04), (0.58±0.06), P<0.05) in epilepsy EphB3-Fc group increased significantly.Western blot result showed that the level of p-Dab1 in epilepsy EphB3-Fc group increased compared with that of epilepsy Fc-control group (1.34±0.04), (2.26±0.10), P<0.01). Compared with epilepsy Fc-control group, epilepsy EphB3-Fc group showed less average seizure duration ((39.00±1.79)s, (26.50±1.87)s; t=23.21, P<0.01), less frequencies ((2.00±0.89), (0.50±0.55); t=2.32, P<0.01) and less latent period ((6.33±1.37)day, (12.50±1.87)day; t=2.52, P<0.01) in spontaneous recurrent seizures. Compared with epilepsy Fc-control group, epilepsy EphB3-Fc group showed lower average amplitude ((37.30±1.21)μV, (29.00±1.41)μV; t=25.14, P<0.01), less average seizure duration ((5.35±0.19)s, (2.35±0.19)s; t=3.13, P<0.01). Conclusion:Ephrin-B3 alleviated spontaneous recurrent seizures by upregulating Reelin and p-Dab1 in temporal lobe epilepsy rat.

The prevalence rate of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)in postmenopausal women is significantly higher than that in premenopausal women and even exceeds that in men of the same age group,and exercise intervention remains an effective method for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD in postmenopausal women.In addition,postmenopausal women with NAFLD often have comorbidities such as sarcopenia,osteoporosis,cardiovascular diseases,and diabetes,which requires targeted exercise prescriptions and proactive intervention for potential comorbidities.Through a literature review,this article provides targeted recommendations for exercise intervention prescriptions in postmenopausal women with NAFLD and related comorbidities.