AIM: To study the protective effect of glutamine (Gln) against endotoxemia by observing the effect of glutamine on heat shock proteins (HSPs) and tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?) in endotoxemic rats. METHODS: The rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, lipopolysaccharide group (LPS), glutamine-treated group (Gln) and control group (C). The blood was drawn from lateral tail vein for analysis of cytokine levels at 0, 2, 4 and 6 h post-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. TNF-? was measured by radioimmunity assay. Multiple tissues were harvested from the rats, and HSP70 was detected by immunohistochemistry. At the same time, lung, liver, and ileum tissue section were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. RESULTS: Gln treatment resulted in marked attenuation of TNF-? expression at 2 h post-LPS injection (P

OBJECTIVETo explore the acupoints selection rules on peptic ulcer treated with acupuncture and moxibustion,so as to provide references for acupoints clinical selecting.

METHODSLiterature on clinical report and clinical study for peptic ulcer treated with acupuncture and moxibustion was retrieved in CNKI, WANFANG, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Web of Science and other databases from January 1, 2003 to August 31, 2014,and acupoints selecting rules were summarized according to syndromes and symptoms.

RESULTSOne hundred and ten articles were acquired, and acupoints the first to the fifth used were Zhongwan (CV 12), Zusanli (ST 36), Weishu (BL 21), Pishu (BL 20) and Neiguan (PC 6). The main acupoints were Zhongwan (CV 12) and Zusanli (ST 36). As to acupoints mainly selected in accordance with different syndromes: (1)Weishu (BL 21), Pishu (BL 20), Neiguan (PC 6) were matched for the syndrome of deficiency cold in the spleen and the stomach. (2) Weishu (BL 21), Pishu (BL 20), Neiguan (PC 6), Geshu (BL 17) were combined for the syndrome of qi stagnation and blood stasis. (3) Weishu (BL, 21), Pishu (BL 20), Qimen (LR 14) for the syndrome of qi stagnation induced by liver depression. (4) Neiguan (PC 6) and Taichong (LR 3) for the syndrome of liver qi invading the stomach. (5) Weishu (BL 21) and Pishu (BL 20) for the syndrome of weakness of the spleen and the stomach. (6) Weishu (BL 21), Pishu (BL 20), Neiguan (PC 6), Gongsun (SP 4) for the syndrome of cold in the stomach. (7) Weishu (BL 21), Pishu (BL 20), Neiguan (PC 6), San yinjiao (SP 6) for the syndrome of yin deficiency in the stomach. (8) Weishu (BL 21), Pishu (BL 20), Neiguan (PC 6), Yinlingquan (SP 9), Ganshu (BL 18) for the syndrome of phlegm and dampness stagnation. As for acupoints majorly selected according to different symptoms, (1) Weishu (BL 21), Pishu (BL 20), Neiguan (PC 6), Taichong (LR 3) were combined for acid regurgitation. (2) Weishu (BL 21), Neiguan (PC 6), Tianshu (ST 25), Gongsun (SP 4) were selected for abdominal distension. (3) Weishu (BL 21), Neiguan (PC 6), Liangqiu (ST 34), Gongsun (SP 4) for unbearable stomach pain. (4) Weishu (BL 21), Pishu (BL 20), Neiguan (PC 6), Qihai (CV 6), Gongsun (SP 4) for lacking in strength.

CONCLUSIONWe treating peptic ulcer with acupuncture and moxibustion mainly choose Zhongwan (CV 12) and Zusanli (ST 36), and attach importance to acupoints selection based on syndrome and symptom differentiation.

SCNP( single cell network profiling) assay can depict the characters of signal pathway network without isolating the dif-ferent cells in advance in complex tissues. It will promote the disease mechanism elucidating, disease classification, diagnosis, and therapeutic regimen at cell level. Drug screening and ration-al personalized treatment will also be improved.

Objective To analyze the recent condition on medication safety of the elderly with chronic diseases in poor areas of Liaoning Province, the structural equation model(SEM) was used to investigate the influencing factors of the medication safety in order to provide the scientific basis for medication safety and the rational use of drugs. Methods The 1 690 elderly with chronic diseases in poor areas of Liaoning Province were selected by the multi-stage random sampling and investigated with the self-designed questionnaire, the database was established on SPSS17.0, the model of structural equation modeling was built by AMOS17.0. Results The four common factors, which were the knowledge,attitude, practice and adherence of medication safety, were extracted by confirmation factor analysis, and the data of the four common factors was fitted, the fitting parameters were: χ2/DF=2.254, GFI=0.913, NFI=0.909, CFI=0.925, AGFI=0.825, RMSEA=0.062, the model fitting was ideal. Conclusions The medication of the elderly with chronic diseases in poor areas of Liaoning Province exists potential security risks, the knowledge, attitude, practice and adherence of medication safety are the important factors which affect the medication safety, the health education about medication safety should be conducted in the elderly with chronic diseases in the poor areas, to develop the safety, effectiveness and economy of medication among the elderly.

Geographic distribution of Polyporus umbellatus was predicted by using distribution records. Based on 42 distribution records from 12 provinces and bioclimatic data (1950-2000), georaphic distribution of P. umbellatus was modeled using Maxent. The results showed thatthe Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis method was used to assess the accuracy of MAXENT model and the area under ROC curve (AUC) value of MAXENT was 0. 960 which suggested that the result of assessment was dependable. The geographic distribution pattern of were divided into three distribution block based on distribution values of 0.5-0.8: small area of Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and Hebei province, the board area of Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan, the southeast area of Tibet and the most area of Shanxi and Shannxi, the southeast board area of Shannxi, Gansu and Ningxia. Jackknife Test showed that average precipitation in warm seasons had the greatest contribution to the distribution gain of P. umbellatus, followed by mean temperature of driest quarter and annual mean temperature. The object suggests the potential distribution areasof P. umbellatus which is useful for the habitat conservation and introduction of P. umbellatus.
China ; Ecosystem ; Entropy ; Polyporus ; growth & development

Autophagy is a highly conservative biological behavior in eukaryotic cells .This dynamic process involves wrappingcytoplasmic components and combining with lysosomes in cells for catabolism .Auto-phagy can not only take part in maintaining homeostasis ,but also be closely related with tumor development and resistant.Therefore,autophagy is a potential target for antitumor drug resistant .Specific inhibition of autophagy in cancer cells combined with chemotherapy is expected to be an effective cancer treatment strategy .

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of CHROMagar Candida medium in identifying common Candida species .Meth‐ods Articles were extensively collected by searching the databases of MEDLINE and EMBase ,the Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM ) ,the Chinese Scientific Journals Database (CSJD) ,the Chinese Journal Full Text Database (CJFD) and through other ways . The qualities of these articles were assessed by using the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies(QUADAS) .At last , summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve was performed by the Meta‐Disc software ,so as to summarize diagnostic accuracy of CHROMagar Candida medium in identifying common Candida species .Results A total of 7 articles meeting all criteria were enrolled in this study .All 7 articles reported the accuracy of CHROMagar Candida medium in identifying the Candida albi‐cans ,the pooled sensitivity and specificity was 98 .3% and 98 .8% respectively ,and area under SROC curve (AUC) was 0 .998 0 .A‐mong them ,6 articles reported the accuracy of CHROMagar Candida medium in identifying Candida tropicalis ,the pooled sensitivity and specificity was 92 .5% and 99 .8% respectively ,and the AUC was 0 .998 3 .Among them ,5 articles reported the accuracy of CHROMagar Candida medium in identifying Candida Glabrata ,the pooled sensitivity and specificity was 98 .3% and 98 .7% respec‐tively ,and the AUC was 0 .996 8 .Conclusion CHROMagar Candida medium could quickly identify clinical common Candida species and results are reliable .

Objective To investigate the drug resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated during 2014 in a hospital of Beijing.Methods Isolated bacteria were cultured by routine method,identified and performed drug susceptibility test by bacteria a-nalysis system.Statistical analysis of Acinetobacter baumannii was conducted by Whonet5.6 software.Results A total of 226 Acin-etobacter baumannii strains were isolated from January 2014 to December 2014 in Fengtai Teaching Hospital of Capital Medical U-niversity.These strains showed the lowest resistance rates to minocycline and Cefoperazone-sulbactam(23.0% and 30.1%).The other antimicrobial resistance rates were more than 50.0%.The resistance rate of Acinetobacter baumannii varied from one depart-ment to another.Pandrug-resistant and multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii were 71.2%,1 9.0% respectively. Conclusion The resistant rates of Acinetobacter baumannii strains to a variety of antibiotics are high.It is essential to strengthen monitoring the drug resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii,as well as use antibiotics reasonable and separate patients to control Acinetobacter baumannii infection.

In China, most patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were diagnosed with advanced or metastatic disease on first admission. These patients were treated by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or targeted therapy. However, the 5-year overall survival rate is still low. Immunocheckpoint blockades adjust the immune function, dispatch immune escape, enhance T cell activation, and kill tumor cells. Immunocheckpoint blockade becomes one of the important methods of anti-tumor treatments. This approach may also change the model of NSCLC treatment because of its promising anti-tumor activity. This review summarizes the clinical trials on immu-nocheckpoint blockades in NSCLC and the possibility of combining this technique with other treatments.

0.05).Conclusion A silent C161 T polymorphism of PPAR? gene might not be genetic markers of osteoporosis,which might not be employed to screen the high risk population of osteoporosis in Chinese women of Han nationality.