To evaluate the efficacy of heparin combined with low molecular heparin against early thrombosis in chronic patients after native arteriovenous fistula ( AVF) . Methods: A total of 299 patients were enrolled in the study from January 2012 to December 2014 and randomly divided into two groups. The control group received 5000IU low molecular heparin after the operation for 7 days and the trial group received 3 000u heparin additionally through free arterial end and venous terminal during the operation. The thrombosis formation rate and adverse drug reactions ( ADR ) of one week and 4 weeks after the operation were observed in the two groups. Results:One week after the operation, the thrombosis formation rate in the control group and the trial group was 3. 4% and 0, respectively, and four week after the operation, that was 4. 8% and 0. 67%, respectively. The incidence of ADR showed no statistical-ly difference between the two groups (P>0. 05), and no severe ADR appeared in both groups. Conclusion:Heparin combined with low molecular heparin may be more effective and safer in the prevention of primary thrombosis in the patients after AVF.

Objective To investigate the effects of rhubarb and mirabilite and compound danshen injection on gastrointestinal dysmotility of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Methods Forty-one SAP patients were randomly divided into two groups: Integration group (n=21) were treated with rhubarb and mirabilite and compound danshen injection. Control group (n=20) were treated with conventional therapy. Recovery of gastrointestinal motility of two groups was observed, and the complication rate and hospital stay was recorded.Results The recovery of gastrointestinal motility, first defecation and hospital stay in integration group was (3.1±0.8)d, (3.1±0.8)d, (21.5±2.8 )d, which were significantly shorter than those in control group [(5.2±1.4) d, (4.7±1.3 ) d, (32.1±3.60) d, P ＜ 0. 05 or P ＜ 0.01. Five patients in integration group developed complication, which was significantly lower than 8 patients in control group ( P ＜ 0.01 )]. One patient died and one patient received operation in integration group, and one patient died in control group,without significant difference between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05 ). Conclusions The combination of rhubarb and mirabilite and compound danshen injection in severe acute pancreatitis can promote the recovery of gastrointestinal motility.

Objective To explore the value of abnormal imaging findings on susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) in delayed graft function (DGF). Methods The conventional MRI and SWI images of 26 cases with DGF and 20 cases with normal renal function of transplanted kidneys were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with cysts and angiomyolipomas were excluded. Normal structures of transplanted kidney were identified. If lesions of abnormal signal intensity were found in the transplanted kidney, the location, border and signal intensity compared to renal cortex would be analyzed. The differences in signal intensity between the abnormal signal lesions and normal renal cortex in the same SWI layer of DGF were compared by using independent-sample t test. The differences in positive detection rate of discovering the abnormal signal lesions in DGF between conventional MRI and SWI were compared by using McNemar test. Results Of the 26 cases with DGF, one case was found to exhibit abnormally low signal lesions with fuzzy boundary located at junctional zone between cortex and medulla on both conventional MRI and SWI images. Ten cases were found to exhibit abnormally low signal lesions with fuzzy boundary located at junctional zone between cortex and medulla on SWI images only. Fifteen cases exhibited no abnormal signal lesions on both conventional MRI and SWI images. Twenty cases with normal renal function of transplanted kidney, no abnormal signal lesions were found on both conventional MRI and SWI images. The differences in signal intensity between the abnormally low signal lesions (130±20) and normal renal cortex (177±25) in the same SWI layer of 11 cases with DGF were statistically significant (t=-4.582,P<0.01). The differences in positive detection rate of discovering the abnormally low signal lesions in DGF between conventional MRI [3.8%(1/26)] and SWI [42.3% (11/26)] were statistically significant (χ2=8.100,P=0.002). Conclusions Abnormally low signal lesions with fuzzy boundary located at junctional zone between cortex and medulla on SWI images suggest the presence of DGF. Compared with conventional MRI, SWI appears to be superior in detecting the abnormally low signal lesions.

Objective To observe the effect of low arsenic sub-chronic exposure on blood routine test index in rabbits to pave a way for screening early injury of the low arsenic exposure. Methods Twelve healthy male rabbits were randomly divided into four groups. They were administrated with As at the concentration of 0(control), 10, 50 and 250 μg/L in the drinking water. Blood samples were collected from the vein of the ear edge in 8 weeks, and blood test routine including leukocyte (WBC), lymphocyte (LYM), lymphocyte percentage (LYM%), neutrophil (GRA), neutrophil percentage (GRA%), monocyte (MON), monocyte percentage (MON%), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin content (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(MCHC), RDW, platelets(PLT), mean platelet volume(MPV), platelet hematocrit(PCT) and platelet distribution width (PDW), were detected by the ABX-60 hemocyte analyzer. Results Compared with the control group, the WBC, GRA and GRA% increased in 0, 50 and 250 μg/L groups, but there was no significance(P > 0.05). PLT and MPV had a statistical significance in 4 groups(F = 4.07,4.20, all P < 0.05). Compared with the control group[(292.00±16.97)×109/L, (7.10±0.99)fL], PLT decreased in the 250 μg/L group [(221.33±22.50)×109/L] and MPV decreased in the 50μg/L group [(5.57±0.46)fL] significantly (P < 0.05). The other index didn't change obviously. Conclusions Sub-chronic low level arsenic exposure may lead to the change in the blood system. The blood routine test may be considered for early injury of the arsenic poisoning.

Objective To observe the sub-chronic effects of low doses of arsenic poisoning in rabbits exposed to different periods on some of the serum enzymes and biochemical indicators, and to provide the basis for screening of meaningful hematologic indicators for early diagnosis of arsenic poisoning. Methods Twelve adult rabbits,weighing 2.0 - 3.5 kg, were randomly divided into four groups, 3 in each group, and they were fed with drinking water containing sodium arsenite 0(control),0.01,0.05,0.25 mg/L, respectively. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ-glutamyl transacylase (y-GT), total protein(TP), albumin(ALB), globulin(GLP), and ALB/GLP of rabbit were measured by SYSMEX-180 automated biochemistry analyzer after 8 weeks and 12 weeks exposure. Results The results showed that ALT in 0.05 mg/Lgroup of 12 week[(60.00 ± 4.14)U/L]increased significantly compared with the control[(41.50 ± 2.12)U/L, P ＜0.05];AST in 0.25 mg/L group of 8 week and 12 week[(46.50 ± 3.21 ), (52.33 ± 3.81 )U/L]increased significantly compared with the control[(21.33 ± 3.53), (29.50 ± 3.23 )U/L, all P ＜ 0.05];ALP in 0.05 mg/L and 0.25 mg/L group of 12 week [(78.68 ± 4.85 ), ( 103.00 ± 7.83 ) U / L]increased significantly compared with the control [(45.50 ± 5.50)U/L, all P ＜ 0.05];γ-GT in 0.05 mg/L group of 12 week[(19.33 ± 7.50)U/L]increased significantly compared with the contro1[(8.50 ± 3.53)U/L, P＜ 0.05]. TP, ALB, GLP, ALB/GLP of different groups of 8 week and 12 week were not significantly different statistically(F= 0.77,0.02,0.16,3.14 and 0.51,0.29,0.41,0.52, all P ＞ 0.05). Conclusions Zero point zero five mg/L and higher doses of sub-chronic arsenic exposure has some major damage to the liver. Compared with other serum enzymes and the biochemical indexes, serum AST is a early sensitive indicator of liver injury of the arsenic poisoning.

Objective To explore carrying rates of class 1, class 2 integrons as well as ISCR1 in Shigella isolates and their connection with drug resistance. Methods Antibiotic sensitivities were detected by K-B disk diffusion in 159 clinical isolates. Total bacteria DNA was prepared through boiling the isolates and the DNA was then used as template for PCR am?plification. PCR, ZSCR1 and sequencing analyse of integrons were applied to all of them. Results were compared by Blast and GenBank. Results Antibiotic sensitivity results showed that in the S. flexneri strains the incidence of resistance to tet?racycline and streptomycin were 88.68%and 81.13%in the S. flexneri strains while the incidence of resistant to chloram?phenicol and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazol were both 56.60%, and the incidence of multidrug drug resistance was 77.36%. In the sonnei strains, the incidence of resistance to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazo were 97.17% and 95.28%, 83.96%and 76.42%respectively, and the incidence of multidrug resistance was 98.11%. Among all isolates, 118 were class 1 integron positive , 70 were class 2 integron positive and 89 were double positives. For those 118 isolates that are positive of class 1 integron, 23 were typical while 95 weres atypical. The gene cassettes of typical class 1 integrons contains aadA2, aa?dA1, dfrⅠ, blaoxa-10 and blaoxa-1. IntI1, aadA, blaoxa-1 and IS1 were included in the gene cassetes of the atypical class 1 integrons. Class 2 integrons positive isolates carried gene cassttes which include dfrA1, satl and aadA1. No ISCR1 was found in any isolate. Integron carriage strains were closely associated with higher rate of multiple antibiobic resistance com?pared with the organisms without integrons (90.65%,50%, P<0.05). Conlusion Class 1 and class 2 integrons were widely existence in Shigella isolates and were related to the multidrug resistance.

Objective To compare the diagnostic value of myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) and 64 multi-slice spiral CT (64-MSCT) for coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods Fifty-two patients with suspected or known CAD were included in the study. Each patient underwent both stress and rest MPI,MSCT as well as conventional coronary angiography (CAG) within 1 month. The stress and rest MPI were scored by a 5-grade criteria (0 ～ 4) based on 17 coronary artery segments. The difference between summed stress and rest scores ＞ 1 was defined as myocardial ischemia. Stenosis in one main vessel or one main branch of the main vessel ≥50% was defined as myocardial ischemia by MSCT. CAG was used as the reference for comparison. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 13. 0 software. Kappa value was used to test the accordance of MPI and MSCT results. X2 test was used to evaluate the difference between MPI and MSCT results. Results The patient-based sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy of MPI and MSCT for the diagnosis of CAD were 86.7% (26/30), 77.3% ( 17/22),83.9% (26/31), 81.0% ( 17/21), 82.7% (43/52) and 83.3% ( 25/30), 86.4% ( 19/22), 89.3%( 25/28), 79.2% ( 19/24), 84.6% (44/52), respectively. The vessel-based sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy of MPI and MSCT were 74.5% (38/51), 81.0% (85/105 ), 65.5% (38/58), 86.7% ( 85/98), 78.8% ( 123/156 ) and 90.2% (46/51 ), 88.6% ( 93/105 ),79.3 % (46/58), 94.9% (93/98), 89.1% ( 139/156), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between MPI and MSCT for either patient or lesion-based diagnosis (X2 =0.44, 0.21, both P ＞0.05 ). 96.0% (24/25) patients with both abnormal MPI and MSCT positive were valified by CAG while 83.3% (15/18) patients with both MPI and MSCT negative were excluded by CAG. Conclusions Both MPI and MSCT are reliable diagnostic modalities for CAD. They also provide complementary diagnostic value to each other.

Objective To analyze the diagnosis and treatment for complications of renal caliceal diverticulum with calculi or infection. Methods A retrospective investigation was performed on 29 cases with renal caliceal diverticulum. The 29 cases included 11 males and 18 females aged 18 to 61 years. Among the study group, 3 cases were simple renal caliceal diverticulum, 12 cases were diagnosed as diverticular calculi and 14 cases presented recurrent urinary tract infections including 3 cases with urinary fistula after unroofing and decompression as renal simple cyst from another hospital. Ten cases underwent an open operation that unroofed and decompressed the cyst, and sutured the diverticular neck. Eight cases underwent laparoscopic operation similar to the open operation, including lithotomy in caliceal diverticulum in 2 cases. Eleven cases diagnosed with caliceal diverticular calculi were taken one-stage percutaneous nephrolithotomy including dilating the diverticular neck, remaining the nephrostomy catheter and Double-J ureteral stents, and 1 case was transferred to open operation.Results The open and laparoscopic operations were performed successfully. One case was cured by Double-J ureteral stenting after postoperative urinary leakage. One case was transferred to open operation for the failure of percutaneous puncturation. X-ray examination revealed that there were no remaining stones after the operation. All the patients were followed up for 6 to 24 months without calculi and infection recurrence. Conclusions Stones and infection are common that complications of renal caliceal diverticulum. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy, laparoscopy and other operations were effective and feasible treatment options for cases with complications of renal caliceal diverticulum. Exact diagnosis was very important for treatment of renal caliceal diverticulum before operation.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect and mechanism of resveratrol on cardiac fibroblast (cFs) proliferation induced by angiotensin II (Ang II).

METHODSThe in vitro cFs proliferation model was established by stimulating cultured cFs of new born rats with Ang II by differential attachment method. Cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay, and the effect of resveratrol, L-NAME and ODQ on cell proliferation were observed respectively. Besides, the hypertrophic response of cFs was estimated by measuring expressions of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) mRNA, with the levels of ANP and BNP in culture medium determined by radioimmunoassay and ELISA respectively; and their mRNA expressions determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Level of nitric oxide (NO) in the culture medium was measured by Griess reagent; nitric oxide synthase (NOS) level by chemical colorimetric method; and cGMP by radioimmunoassay.

RESULTSResveratrol at the dose of 25-100 micromol/L inhibited cFs proliferation in a time and dose dependent manner, which could be partially blocked by pretreatment with L-NAME or ODQ. NO and cGMP levels increased, ANP, BNP levels and their mRNA expression lowered after resveratrol treatment.

CONCLUSIONResveratrol in a definite concentration range could inhibit cFs proliferation and hypertrophic response induced by Ang II, up-regulating the signal pathway of NO and cGMP might be one of the acting paths of the inhibitory effects.

Angiotensin II ; genetics ; metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclic GMP ; metabolism ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Heart ; Myocardium ; cytology ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stilbenes ; pharmacology

Apoptosis and autophagy are important molecular processes that maintain organismal and cellular homeostasis, respectively. While apoptosis fulfills its role through dismantling damaged or unwanted cells, autophagy maintains cellular homeostasis through recycling selective intracellular organelles and molecules. Yet in some conditions, autophagy can lead to cell death. Apoptosis and autophagy can be stimulated by the same stresses. Emerging evidence indicates an interplay between the core proteins in both pathways, which underlies the molecular mechanism of the crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy. This review summarizes recent literature on molecules that regulate both the apoptotic and autophagic processes.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; metabolism ; Autophagy ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Signal Transduction