Objective To develop a method for separation and determination of safrole and 6-methyl coumarin in cosmetics by GC-MS. Methods The cosmetics were extracted with methanol and then dehydrated,and filtrated through the membrane of 0.45 ?m. The filtration liquid was injected into GC and GC-MS for detection and quantitative analysis with external standard method. Results The recovery rates of safrole and 6-methyl coumarin were 101.3%-106.0% and relative standard deviations of safrole and 6-methyl coumarin were 0.9%-1.4% and 0.9%-2.1% respectively. The detection limits were 5 and 10 ?g/g. Conclusion This method is accurate and sensitive for detection of safrole and 6-methyl coumarin in cosmetic.

BACKGROUND: Neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons are extensively located in various brain regions such as cerebral cortex, caudate-putamen nucleus, syslimbic system, thalamus and brain stem. They are also involved in various brain activities such as motor learning, motor memory and motor integration. Considering the fact that cerebellum can reorganize through motor learning, we tried to identify the morphology and distribution of NPY neurons in rat's cerebellar cortex to obtain the morphologic knowledge that is related to its cerebellar-cortex-based motor learning.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the morphology and distribution of NPY -immunoreactive neurons in rat's cerebellar cortex, and discuss the relationship between NPY neurons and cerebellum motor learning and motor memory.DESIGN: A single-sample-study based on animal samples.SETTING: Anatomy Department, Pathophysiology Department and Morphology Center in Xinxiang Medical College.MATERIALS: From July to December 2001, the experiment was performed at the Morphology Center in Xinxiang Medical College. Ten Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, clean grade, regardless of their gender and weighing 100-200 g,were selected.METHODS: After intraperitoneal injection anesthesia and ascending aorta infusion fixation, the cerebellum was taken out by craniosurgery. The cerebellum was immersed in the same fixative fluid for duration of 48 hours, and then was embedded in paraffin. The next step was to make continuous sagittal sections. NPY neurons were identified by SP immunohistochemical staining, using rats cerebral section as the positive control. In the negative control, the first antibody replaced by Bovine Calf Serum(BCS), and the second antibody replaced by 0.01 mol/L PBS. Sequentially the light-microscopic observation and micrography were recorded.MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: The Morphology and distribution of NPY neurons in rat's cerebellar cortex were taken as main outcome measurements.RESULTS: NPY-immunoreactive neurons were distributed in the Purkinje layer of the cerebellum. They had pear-like or spherical shapes, clear and unstained nucleus, unstained axons and dendrites, and their axons stretching out into the granular layer while the reticular dendrites elongated into the molecular layer. NPY-immunoreactive fibers, instead of neurons, were found in the molecular layer and granular layer.CONCLUSION: NPY-immunoreactive neurons in the Purkinje layer of the cerebellum may be involved in motor learning, motor memory, visceral activity and higher motor integration.

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ; Facial Bones ; abnormalities ; Humans ; Infant ; Larynx ; pathology ; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy ; Pharynx ; pathology ; Polysomnography ; Respiration ; Risk Factors ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy

Heart Failure ; Humans ; Models, Cardiovascular ; Prognosis

Objective To investigate the characteristic of autoantibodies of M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) in serum and the glomerular IgG subclass deposits in undetermined atypical membranous nephropathy (MN) patients.Methods From Feb 2004 to Nov 2011,53 cases diagnosed as MN by kidney puneture biopsy in our hospital were included into the study.There were 20 undetermined atypical membranous nephropathy (UAMN),20 idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) and 13 secondary membranous nephropathy (SMN) which were composed of lupus membranous nephropathy (LMN) and HBV related membranous nephropathy (HBV-MN).Clinlical and pathological characteristics were analyzed.The autoantibodies of PLA2R in serum were detected and the glomerular IgG subclass deposits were observed.Results (1) The average age underwent renal biopsy was (37.9±3.8) years of UAMN,(50.1±3.0) years of IMN and (49.5±4.5) years of SMN.The difference in onset average age at disease was significant between UAMN and IMN (P =0.0178).The female/male ratio (F/M) in UAMN,IMN and SMN was 0.8∶ 1,0.7∶1 and 0.6∶ 1(P ＞ 0.05).(2) Compared with SMN,the level of 24-hours urinary protein excretion (3.47 g vs 7.89 g,P =0.023),the ratio of amount urinary protein patients (50.0％ vs 84.6％,P=0.043),the level of serum IgG [(8.40±3.58) g/L vs (10.09±4.69) g/L,P =0.025] and the positive rate of ANA in serum (10.0％ vs 53.8％,P =0.006) in UAMN were all much lower.There were no significant statistical differences in serum albumin,serum creatinine,eGFR,positive rate of HBsAg,HBeAg or HCV,as well as the ratio of hypo-albuminemia and nephrotic syndrome among the three groups.(3) IF positive rate of IgA,IgM and C1q in UAMN were all significantly higher than that in IMN (P ＜ 0.01).There were no significant differences in IF positive rate of IgA,IgM,C1q,IgG and C3 between UAMN and SMN.The IF strength of IgA,IgG,IgM,C3 and C1q in UAMN showed no significant differences between UAMN and SMN.(4) The serum autoantibodies of PLA2R were only detected in 10 cases of IMN group (50％) with all the other cases negative.This detection rate of serum autoantibodies of PLA2R showed significant statistical differences among the three groups (P ＜ 0.01),but no differences between UAMN and SMN (the detection rate in both groups were 0％).(5) IgG1 deposits was the dominant IgG on the glomeruli in UAMN group (40％),as well as in SMN group (76.9％).IgG4 deposits was the dominant IgG on the glomeruli in IMN group (60％).The positive rate of IgG1 and IgG3 in UAMN showed no significant statistical differences when compared with IMN or SMN.The positive rate of IgG2 in UAMN was significantly lower than in SMN (30.0％ vs 69.2％,P ＜ 0.05).The positive rate of IgG4 in UAMN was significantly lower than in IMN (20％ vs 60％,P ＜ 0.05).The positive rate of IgG1,IgG2 and IgG3 in SMN were all significantly higher than in IMN.Conclusions None of the UAMN group had autoantibodies of PLA2R in serum,and IgG1 deposits was the dominant IgG subclass on the glomeruli which indicated the similarity with the SMN group.At the same time,UAMN was significantly different from SMN in clinical manifestations.

Epidermalgrowthfactorreceptor-tyrosinekinaseinhibitor(EGFR-TKI)resistanceinnon-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)has become more and more common,which includes primary and secondary resistance.The primary resistance is mainly related with EGFR gene mutation,and the secondary resistant is mainly related with T790M,MET and other genes.

Adolescent ; Bronchoscopy ; methods ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Fiber Optic Technology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric ; Male

Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Leukemia, Large Granular Lymphocytic ; classification ; immunology

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Objective:To investigate the expression of wild type estrogen receptor(wER)and the ex-on-5 deleted ER(variant ER,vER)in human hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)samples,and thereafteranalyze the possibility of HCC treatment by endocrine therapy.Methods:The mRNA expressions of wERand vER were analysed from 28 cases of HCC by RT-PCR.The expression of ER at the protein level wasdetected by immunohistochemistry(IHC).Results:IHC results showed that 39.3% of the HCC speci-mens expressed ER.The mRNA of wER was detected in 89.3%(25/28)of the HCC specimens whilethat of vER was detected in 96.4%(27/28).Twenty four out of 28 HCC cases(85.7%)expressedboth wER and vER.One out of 28 patients(3.5%)expressed only wER whereas 3 patients out of 28(10.7%)expressed vER only.Conclusion:Ninety six percent(27/28)of the HCC patients expressedvER,which suggests that the expression of vER is an important event in the development of HCC.