OBJECTIVE: To facilitate hospital service reform as well as the implementation of Prescription Management Method.METHODS: The advantages and disadvantages of pricing of prescriptions by financial staff versus dispensing staff were compared.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: The financial staff lay stress on economical income but the dispensing staff on rationality of prescriptions,and the latter plays an indispensible in preventing medical risk and ensuring patients' medication safety.It is advisable to establish network for the contents of drug prices and financial fee-collecting and to facilitate a cooperative office system of financial pricing staff and pharmacists.

BACKGROUND:The lumbar interspinous device, as a kind of non-fusion technology has been extensively applied in the clinic and exerts superiority in biomechanics compared with the traditional fusion technology. With the development of prosthesis design and impanation technology, it reveals a better application prospect. OBJECTIVE:To review the biomechanics and finite element analysis of lumbar interspinous devices. METHODS:The first author retrieved the databases of CNKI, WanFang, PubMed and SpringerLink using the keywords of“lumbar spine, interspinous devices, biomechanics, finite element analysis”in Chinese and English, respectively. Researches related to the biomechanics and finite element analysis of lumbar interspinous devices were included and repeated researches were excluded. A total of 44 literatures were enrol ed for review, including 8 Chinese and 36 English literatures. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Biomechanical y, several interpinous devices, which are commonly used in the clinic, can increase the stability of the implanted segment in sagittal alignment by limiting the range of flexion-extension, with no significant change in lateral bending and axial rotation. (2) Few studies analyze the influence of the implant size and placement on the implanted segment and on the adjacent segments. (3) Through the stress nephogram, three-dimension finite element analysis can intuitively analyze the changes of the stress distribution in the intervertebral disc, isthmus and facet joints before and after implantation. Both biomechanical studies and finite element analysis indicate that interspinous devices can share the load of the disc and facet joints, and at the same time, make no effect on the range of motion and stress of the adjacent segment. (4) In conclusion, the short-term biomechanical advantage of the interspinous devices is obvious, but further studies are needed. The finite element analysis can simulate different body physical environment, and can analyze mechanical distribution changes after implantation, which is an effective way to evaluate the mechanical mechanism of the interspinous devices.

Cancer prevention and treatment have developed from evidence-based model into personalized model.Precise medicine has been developed in recent years.It is very important to incorporate personalized and precise idea into clinical practice and makes it accepted by the public.It is also a long way to go to provide precise service for numerous cancer patients through the research using special resource of our country.

Objective:To investigate whether susceptibility or resistance to allergic rhinitis associated with HLA-DRB alleles.Method:Using PCR-SSP (sequence-specific primer polymerase chain reaction),we tested the frequency distribution of HLA-DRB alleles in 41 patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and 41 healthy controls from Beijing China.Result:The frequence of HLA-DRB10301.2 and HLA-DRB 40101 was lower in AR than in controls (2.44% vs 17.07%, P＜0.05;29.27% vs 51.22%, P＜0.05).Conclusion:HLA-DRB10301.2 and HLA-DRB 40101 alleles might confer protection against AR.

BACKGROUND: The parameters of blood platelet(B-PLT) can reflect its thrombo-function, but the variation of blood-platelet parameters in patients with thrombotic disease is controversial and not unanimous.OBJECTIVE: To observe the changing rule of the B-PLT parameters in patients with cerebral infarction(CI), and investigate whether blood cell counter can be used in the evaluation of the variation of B-PLT parameters in CI patients.DESIGN: A case-control and experimental study based on patients and healthy people.SETTING: Department of laboratory and internal medicine in a university.PARTICIPANTS: During the January and March 2002, 37 CI patients including 28 males and 9 females aged 45 - 87 years were selected from Department of Neurology, Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Among 37 healthy people,20 males and 17 females aged 40 - 60 years were selected as control group.METHODS: Platelet distribution width (PDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet-large cell ratio(P-LCR) and the changing quantity of B-PLT of 37 CI patients were analyzed with blood cell counter, meanwhile,the healthy people were analyzed as control subjects.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes of B-PLT parameters in two groups respectively.RESULTS: A positive relation between PDW and P-LCR was observed and between P-LCR and MPV as well( r = 0. 99, 0.92, P ＜ 0. 001 ). A negative correlation between B-PLT quantity and MPV was observed and also between B-PLTquantity and P-LCR(r= -0.58, -0.59, P ＜0.05) .In CI patients, PDW, MPV and P-LCR were(14.51 ± 2. 88)%, (10.95 ± 1.48) fl and(34.24 ± 11.23)% respectively, which were higher than those of healthy people [ (12. 86 ± 2.02)%, (10. 19 ± 1.29) fl, (28.47 ± 9.41 )% ]respectively, and the difference was significant( P =0. 019 31, 0. 021 77 and 0.026 35), but there was no significant difference between the two groups in B-PLT quantity.CONCLUSION: The blood platelets' parameters in CI patients, which reflect the function of the B-PLT, are significantly higher than those in healthy people. It shows that the enhanced function of platelet is a risk factor of cerebral infarction, the use of blood cell counter in analysis can observe the variation of the platelets' function rapidly and accurately. It can be a useful method of the therapy and prevention in CI patients.

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of acute and chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) resulted from thoracic cord transection on the urinary bladder spinal neural pathway.Methods76 adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, non-SCI, SCIa, SCIb and SCIc respectively. The non-SCI rats underwent no surgical procedure except Pseudorabies virus (PRV) tracer injection into the bladder tissue, while the rats of other groups were spinalized and given PRV injection at different time after SCI. Transcardiac perfusion fixation was done in appropriate survival periods after PRV injection. Then sections of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal cord were processed for visualization of virus by the Streptavidin-Peroxidase (SP) immunohistochemical procedure. All sections were measured with the Olympus Cue-2 image analysis system.ResultsThe bladder weights in SCIb and SCIc groups markedly increased (P<0.001). The time-ordered flow charts of PRV tracing were similar in the non-SCI rats and in the SCI rats. The cross-sectional area of the labeled DRG cell profiles increased significantly after SCI (P<0.001). The number of labeled cells in dorsal horn in L6 and S1 segments 3 days after PRV injection markedly increased in chronic SCI rats, and so did the number of labeled motor neurons 4 days post-injection. ConclusionThe acute and chronic SCI have little effect on the process of virus transneuronal transport below the level of lesion. Subsequent to chronic SCI, marked reorganization of the micturition reflex pathways occurs.

Atherosclerosis ; Humans ; Stents

Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Nose Neoplasms ; pathology

Leydig cells, located in the loose interstitial tissue of seminiferous tubules, are the major site for androgen synthesis and secretion, and play an important role in the reproductively and fertility of males. The dysfunction of Leydig cells may lead to various male diseases, such as primary hypogonadism, cryptorchidism, and hypospadias. This review outlines the recent findings concerning the generation, development and regulation of Leydig cells.
Cell Differentiation ; Humans ; Leydig Cells ; cytology ; Male