·To improve the effect of glaucoma filtration operation in reducing intraocular pressure ( lOP ) , it’s important to prevent and inhibit fibrotic scar formation during and after operation.This paper focuses on the current and future possible means for modulation of wound healing after glaucoma filtration surgery, mainly including series of medications ( antimetabolites, anti-inflammation drugs, antigrowth factor drugs, drugs acting on cell signal pathways, etc.) , new drug delivery system and other technologies. This article also discusses the future orientation in this field.

ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of midkine(MK) and its relation with angiogenesis, biological features and prognosis of pancreatic carcinoma(PC).MethodsMK expression and microvessel density(MVD) were determined in 52 cases of human PC with immunohistochemistry and results were compared with pathology.ResultsMean MVD of PC was 64?18 and positive expression of MK was detected in 38 cases (73%). The positive rate of MK was significantly lower in cases of without metastasis and at early clinical stage (stageⅠ～Ⅱ) than that with metastasis and at stage Ⅲ～Ⅳ. MVD was significantly higher in MK-positive PC than in MK-negative PC (P

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sunitinib versus sorafenib in the first-line treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma.Methods Forty-two patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma were divided into two groups according to the therapeutic method.Twenty patients were treated with sunitinib (50 mg, oral administration, once a day, for 4 weeks, drug withdrawal of 2 weeks, 6 weeks was a cycle) and 22 patients were treated with sorafenib (400 mg, oral administration, twice a day, until the disease progression, 6 weeks was a cycle).The efficacy and toxicity were evaluated every 2-cycle treatment.Results All 42 patients could be evaluated.The disease remission rate (RR), disease control rate (DCR) of sunitinib group and sorafenib group were 30.0％ (6/20), 22.7％ (5/22), 90.0％ (18/20), 77.3％ (17/22) respectively,the median progression free survival (PFS) were 10.8, 6.2 months, the median overall survival (OS) were 25.6, 18.6 months respectively.There were no statistical differences in the RR (x2 =0.287, P =0.592) and DCR (x2 =1.222, P =0.269) between the two groups.There were statistical difference in the PFS (x2 =6.041, P =0.014) and OS (x2 =11.245, P =0.001) between the two groups.The most common toxicities of the sunitinib group were diarrhea, fatigue, oral mucositis, nausea, vomiting, all these toxicities were mainly Ⅰ-Ⅱ degree, and could be well tolerated.The hand-foot syndrome rate of the sorafenib group obviously exceeded the sunitinib group (59.1％ vs.25.0％ , x2 =4.972, P =0.026).Conclusion Sunitinib has good efficacy in the first-line treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma with less toxicity than sorafenib, so it is worthy of popularization.

Biogenic molluscicides refer to the use of plants,animals and micro?organisms or their metabolites,and synthesis biomimetic molluscicides to kill Oncomelania hupensis snails. With the rapid development of science and technology,new bio?genic molluscicides are continuously emerging and the category also continues to expand. According to the molluscicidal active ingredient and sources,at present,the biogenic molluscicides with in?depth studies include plant?derived molluscicides,micro?organism molluscicides,microbial metabolite molluscicides and animal molluscicides. This paper reviews the advances in the re?searches of biogenic molluscicides in recent years.

There is no radical cure for essential thrombocythemia currently. Professor SUN Xue-mei has extensive clinical experience in treating it by combined therapy of Chinese and Western medicine. In this paper, authors tried to summarize her experience from guiding ideology and therapeutic points. Authors insisted on the direction of integrative medicine on the basis of syndrome differentiation, paying attention to psychological counseling,and applied individual treatment in clinics.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Integrative Medicine ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective:To establish a rat model of erectile dysfunction caused by the injury of the cavernous nerve. Methods:Rats topographical anatomy were done for identifing the cavernous nerve and major pelvic ganglion and pelvic nerve and hypogastric nerve .Polygraph intracavernous pressure of the models were detected continuously and evaluated. Results:Erectile process was controlled by erectile nerve. Major pelvic ganglion includes two inflows,they are called pelvic nerve and hypogastric nerve. The largest outflow is cavernous nerve. The injury of the cavernous nerve will lead to erectile dysfunction. Conclusion:Rat can be an ideal animal model for studying the erectile dysfunction caused by cavernous nerve injury. The neuvological mechanism of erectile dysfunction can be evaluated with determination of intracavernous pressure.

BACKGROUND: Nasal alar cartilage constitutes the main component of the lower 1/3 of the nose, that is, nose tip, nose wing, and nasal columella, its structure has a decisive role on the nose shape, especially the tip of the nose shape. The intensive study on nasal alar cartilage will help deepen our understandings of nasal alar cartilage morphology, structure and function, and help clinicians to correctly handle the lesions of nose and the lower part and to carry out medical beauty. OBJECTIVE: By observing external nasal anatomy, to clarify the histological role of nasal alar cartilage on nose shape, especially the nasal tip shape.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Experimental observation of repeated measurement was conducted at the Laboratory of Anatomy, Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from September 1~(st) to 26~(th), 2006.MATERIALS: Well-preserved bodies of 15 fresh adult, containing 10 males and 5 females were used in this study.METHODS: To fully observe the fine structure of external nose, 30 sides of 15 external noses were dissected, and autopsy started from the medium dorsum of nose, layered anatomy, to observe various layers and the characteristics of the layers with blood vessels, focusing on observation of in vitro pre - and free post-nasal alar cartilage morphology, and measurement and recording were performed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Big foot medial alar cartilage, lateral feet and the angle of inside and outside legs were measured.RESULTS: Alar cartilage was open for a pair of backward "u"-shaped thin cartilage plate, and lateral nasal cartilage was located below and anteriomedialis the nose, was composed of medial and lateral crus and fornix, with thin body shape, unfixed structure. The shape of fornix was difficult to accurately describe; most presented wavy or folded. Lateral crus presented diamond-shaped or long strip, (16.21±2.71) mm in length, (8.45±1.72) mm in width, (1.09±0.18) mm in thickness. Cephalic rim intersected lower edge of lateral nasal cartilage, and slightly covered the lower edge of the lateral nasal cartilage, so that the two were overlapped, but also only the intersection without overlapping. Lateral crus constituted the base of nasal wings. Narrow medial crus formed nasal tip and the frame of front nasal columeila, showing posteroinferior curve or S shape, (13.06±2.16) mm in length, (3.79±0.58) mm in width, (1.02±0.18) mm in thickness. The left and right medial crus in the middle were connected by connective tissue, and in the same way connected to the anterior margin of the lateral nasal cartilage. Medial and lateral crus in the nasal tip showed an acute angle intersection, its angle (75.25±11.17)°. The medial and lateral crus intersected in the nasal tip and formed the fomix of the greater alar cartilage. The bilateral cornix constituted the frame of the nasal tip. CONCLUSION: Meager nasal alar cartilage is composed of the medial crus, lateral crus and fornix, which determined the nose shape, especially the nasal tip shape. External nose plastic surgery should pay attention to the protection of nasal alar cartilage.

AIM To investigate the effects of melatonin (MT) on glutathione peroxidase(GPx), superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities and malondialdehyde(MDA) contents in the cerebrum of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion gerbils, so as to explore the protective mechanisms of MT. METHODS Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model was made by 10 min occlusion of bilateral carotid arteries of gerbil. MT was administered intraperitoneally 30 min prior to the onset of ischemia. After 1 h reperfusion, bilateral cortex and striatum were taken out for measurement of GPx, SOD and MDA. RESULTS Ischemia-reperfusion lowered the activities of GPx and SOD in cerebral cortex and striatum. Conversely, it elevated the contents of MDA in both areas. Treatment with MT at 5, 10, or 20 mg?kg -1 partly reversed these effects. CONCLUSION MT provides protective effect against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by protecting GPx and SOD activities and reducing the lipid peroxidation.

Objective:To find a short, neutralizing antibody-inducible, ORF2-encoded protein by means of comparing the immunogenicity of pN472-C617 and pN477-C613 which represent amino acids 472-617 and 477-613 of HEV ORF2-encoded protein of hepatitis E virus(HEV) genotype 4, respectively.Methods:The two recombinant proteins were expressed, purified, and then used to immunize BALB/c mice. Anti-HEV titers in the immune sera were detected by ELISA. Anti-HEV neutralizing activity was tested by a PCR-based in vitro neutralization assay.Results:Both of the two recombinant proteins were efficiently expressed in E.coli in soluble forms. The purified proteins induced mice to develop high levels of anti-HEV specific antibodies. However, only the immune sera obtained from the mice immunized with pN472-C617 showed the neutralizing activity to the homologous HEV strain by preventing the virus from absorption on PLC/PRF/5 cells surfaces and replication in the cells. The immune sera against pN477-C613, which was truncated five amino acids from both N- and C-terminal of pN472-C617, had no HEV neutralizing activity.Conclusion:The pN472-C617 is the shortest neutralizing antibody-inducible ORF2-encoded protein of HEV reported in literatures so far. It may be considered as a potential candidate for a novel HEV subunit vaccine in our future study.

BACKGROUND: Diabetic cardiomyopathy, a serious complication of diabetes, is an important factor of increased mortality in patients with diabetes. Therefore, providing an effective experimental animal model is particularly important for studying the pathogenesis and treatment methods of diabetic cardiomyopathy. OBJECTIVE:To explore the method of establishing Wistar rat models of diabetic cardiomyopathy. METHODS:Forty rats were randomly divided into the control group (n=10) and diabetic cardiomyopathy group (n=30). The rats in the diabetic cardiomyopathy group were intraperitonealy injected with 60 mg/kg streptozotocin at a time to establish rat models of diabetic cardiomyopathy. The rats in the control group were given the same dosage of citric acid buffer by the same way. The rats in these two groups were al fed with non-fat high-sugar normal diet. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group, after 3 weeks of injection with streptozotocinin in rat models of diabetic cardiomyopathy, blood glucose level was significantly increased, myocardial cels arranged in disorder, the nuclei were of different sizes, colagen content in the myocardial tissue was significantly increased, and colagen fibers were thick and disordered. In addition, the mRNA and protein levels of transforming growth factorβ1 and type I colagen, two indices reflecting myocardial fibrosis, were markedly increased. These results indicate that intraperitonealy injecting large doses of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) at a time and feeding with non-fat high-sugar normal diet could establish a stable rat model of type 1 diabetic cardiomyopathy. This method is safe and effective with high feasibility.