Health Promotion ; methods ; Japan

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of intrapleural instillation of Yadanzi (Brucea Javan-ica)oil emulsion injection and cisplatin for malignant pleural effusion by literature searching and meta -analysis. Methods Databases were searched for random controlled trails (RCTs)including Pubmed,the Cochrane Library, CNKI,VIP,Wanfang Database and CBM.The quality of included RCTs was evaluated and the data were collected by 2 evaluators independently.Meta -analysis was performed using RevMan 5.2.Results 18 RCTs involving 1 322 par-ticipants was included.The results of meta -analysis indicated that intrapleural instillation of Yadanzi oil emulsion injection and cisplatin could improve the treatment efficiency of malignant pleural effusion (OR =3.82,95%CI 2.94 ~4.96,P <0.01)and improve the quality of life of patients(OR =4.07,95%CI 2.87 ~5.79,P <0.01),and reduce the gastrointestinal tract reaction (OR =0.55,95%CI 0.38 ~0.78,P <0.01)and white blood cell reduction occurs (OR =0.34,95%CI 0.25 ~0.46,P <0.01).Conclusion Intrapleural instillation of Yadanzi oil emulsion injection and cisplatin was effective and safe in the treatment of malignant pleural effusion,while the further studies should make efforts in improving research quality.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of different doses of dexmedetomidine (Dex) on early postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer.

METHODSEighty ASAI-III elderly patients (over 65 years) were randomized equally into 4 groups including a control group without dexmedetomidine and 3 dexmedetomidine groups (groups D1, D2, and D3) with loading dexmedetomidine doses of 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 µg/kg and maintenance doses of 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 µg·kg(-1)·h(-1), respectively. Dex was discontinued 30 min before the end of surgery. The time of operation, adverse reactions, time from the end of surgery to spontaneous breathing recovery (TR), time from spontaneous breathing recovery to opening eyes (TO), and time from opening eyes to extubation (TE) were recorded. Mini-Mental State (MMSE) test was used to assess the cognitive function 1 day before and at 1 day and 3 days after the operation.

RESULTSThe incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) was significantly lower in groups D2 and D3 than in the control group and group D1 (P<0.05). The incidences of hypotension and bradycardia were the highest in group D3 (P<0.05), which also had longer significantly TO and TE than the other 3 groups (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONDexmedetomidine with a loading dose of 0.5 µg/kg followed by maintenance doses of 0.5 and 0.8 µg·kg(-1)·h(-1) (preferentially 0.5 µg·kg(-1)·h(-1)) can reduce the incidence of POCD in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer.

Aged ; Cognition ; drug effects ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Dexmedetomidine ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Postoperative Complications ; Respiration

OBJECTIVETo investigate the injury in the corneal nerve and cornea of rats exposed to n-hexane.

METHODSThirty-two SD male rats were randomly divided into one control group and four n-hexane groups. The four n-hexane groups inhaled 35.2 g/m(3) n-hexane statically for 1, 3, 7 and 14 d respectively, while the rats in the control group inhaled air. The corneal nerve damage was investigated with golden staining and transmission electron microscope. Histopathological and ultrastructure changes of cornea were analyzed also.

RESULTSThe concentration of n-hexane in blood of rats in different experimental groups was (242.91 +/- 59.68), (668.77 +/- 221.74), (1021.21 +/- 545.71) and (1140.42 +/- 468.44) microg/L, increased gradiently with time exposed to n-hexane. In the rats exposed to n-hexane for 7 and 14 d, there appeared fewer corneal nerve bundles and lower density of nerve fiber at the center of cornea, under electron microscope, the lamellar sheath of nerve fiber in the corneal epitheliums appeared intermittent, the neuroplasm of endings was partly lysed and became vacuolar, the microfilament and racuole of neuraxon decreased. In the group exposed to n-hexane for 14 d, the microvillus of cornea epithelium were decreased. In some basal cells there appeared pyknotic nucleus and vacuole, mitochondria were swollen or disappeared.

CONCLUSIONThe structure of corneal nerve and cornea is damaged in the rats exposed to n-hexane, thus leading to dysfunction of cornea.

Animals ; Cornea ; Nerve Tissue ; Rats

OBJECTIVETo detect the self-assembly morphology of sodium hyaluronate injection on mica using atomic force microscopy(AFM).

METHODSAtomic force microscopy with nanometer resolution was used to observe the self-assembly morphology of different concentrations of sodium hyaluronate injection on mica at room temperature.

RESULTSThe self-assembly morphology of 0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 mg/ml sodium hyaluronate injection on mica featured piebald, reticular and dendritic structures, respectively. At 1 and 5 mg/ml, sodium hyaluronate injection displayed bacilliform and spherical structures on mica, respectively; the diameter and height of the particles of 5 mg/ml sodium hyaluronate was 197.97±78.48 nm and 30.79±18.67 nm, significantly greater than those of 0.1 mg/ml sodium hyaluronate injection (49.52±11.93 nm and 5.37±1.59 nm, respectively, P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe self-assembly morphology of sodium hyaluronate injection on mica varies with its concentration. The piebald and reticular structure may facilitate the function of sodium hyaluronate, and the dendritic feature resembles the representative model of diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA).

Aluminum Silicates ; chemistry ; Hyaluronic Acid ; administration & dosage ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Microscopy, Atomic Force ; Nanostructures ; Surface Properties

Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; Humans ; Male ; Phosphorus ; blood

Under global cerebral ischemia, the effect of different brain temperature on cerebral ischemic injury was studied. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normothermic (37-38°C) ischemia, mild hypothermic (31-32°C) ischemia, hyperthermic (41-42°C) ischemia and sham-operated groups. Global cerebral ischemia was established using the Pulsinelli four-vessel occlusion model and brain temperature was maintained at defined level for 60 min after 20-min ischemia. The expression of c-fos protein and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and lactate in brain regions were detected by immunochemistry and spectrophotometrical methods, respectively. C-fos positive neurons were found in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex after cerebral ischemia reperfusion. Mild hypothermia increased the expression of c-fos protein in both areas, whereas hyperthermia decreased the expression of c-fos protein in the hippocampus at 24 h reperfusion, and the cerebral cortex at 48 h reperfusion when compared to normothermic conditions. In normothermic, mild hypothermic and hyperthermic ischemia groups, the levels of MDA and lactate in brain tissue were increased at 24, 48 and 72 h reperfusion following 20-min ischemia as compared with the sham-operated group (P<0.01). The levels of MDA and lactate in mild hypothermic group were significantly lower than those in normothermic group (P<0.01). It is suggested that brain temperature influences the translation of the immunoreactive protein product of c-fos after global cerebral ischemia, and MDA and lactate are also affected by hypothermia and hyperthermia.

Automation ; Breast Neoplasms ; chemistry ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; chemistry ; Coloring Agents ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; analysis ; Staining and Labeling

OBJECTIVEThe aims of this study were to evaluate whether the presence of -2518A/G polymorphism in the distal regulatory region of the monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) was associated with tuberculosis (TB) in Chongqing Han population and to find whether it has a significant impact on the pediatric patient.

METHODOne hundred children [ < or = 15 years old, mean age (7.3+/-4.6) years, 53 male, 47 female] and one hundred adults [51 male, 49 female, age (44.6+/-13.5) years with TB] and 200 healthy controls of comparable age were screened for genotype by PCR-sequence-specific primer (SSP) method. MCP-1 levels in the sera were detected by ELISA.

RESULT(1) TB patients and controls showed different single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) distribution patterns (58%, 36%). MCP-1 alleles -2518G was associated with increased TB susceptibility (P<0.01). (2) The -2518 GG genotypes was associated with increased TB susceptibility (32% in TB patients and 13% in non-TB controls respectively, P<0.01). (3) The odds of developing TB in genotypes GG were higher than those in homozygous AA, and the risk was higher in children than in adult (7.0-fold in children and 5.1-fold in adults, respectively). (4) Cases of homozygous GG had the highest plasma levels of MCP-1, which increased the likelihood of developing TB. Furthermore, higher levels were observed in children than in adults.

CONCLUSIONThese findings suggest that persons bearing the MCP-1 genotype GG produce high concentrations of MCP-1, which increases the risk of active TB infection in Chongqing Han people. These findings are more significant in child patients than in adult patients with TB.

Adult ; Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Chemokine CCL2 ; blood ; genetics ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; DNA Primers ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Tuberculosis ; ethnology ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo delineate the effects of HBV X gene and of As(2)O(3) on p53 expression and activity in HepG2 cells by shRNA-mediated RNA interference (RNAi).

METHODSHepG2 cells and cells with stable expression of HBV X gene, HepG2-X, were treated with 2 micromol/L As(2)O(3), and the corresponding untreated cells were used as controls. Cell and nuclear lysates were extracted. Total level and the relative activity absorbance of p53 were detected by modified ELISA. HBV X gene sequence-specific shRNA expression vectors, Xi-S1 and Xi-S2, and sequence-unrelated control Xi-S3 were transfected into HepG2-X. The effect of As(2)O(3) on p53 expression and activity were retested.

RESULTSTotal p53 level was up-regulated and its relative activity ratio was enhanced by As(2)O(3) in HepG2 and HepG2-X cells. The total p53 level induced by As(2)O(3) was further up-regulated by HBX expression, while its relative activity was significantly suppressed. The suppression was removed after HBX expression was suppressed by shRNA.

CONCLUSIONAs(2)O(3) could up-regulate p53 expression and enhance its activity. shRNA-mediated RNA interference is conveniently being used in studies on the effect of HBV X gene expression on p53 expression and activity. HBV X expression could up-regulate p53 gene expression level induced by As(2)O(3), while it suppressed the activity of p53.

Apoptosis ; Arsenicals ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression ; Hep G2 Cells ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Humans ; Oxides ; pharmacology ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Trans-Activators ; genetics ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; genetics ; metabolism