Phacoemulsification cataract extraction and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation has become the mainstream treatment of cataract.But the postoperative residual astigmatism still influences the postoperative uncorrected visual acuity.Reduce residual astigmatism is currently the ophthalmologists' pursuit.The formation of the residual astigmatism is affected by various factors,which mainly associated with preoperative corneal astigmatism and surgically induced astigmatism.Except for the above reasons,residual astigmatism after Toric IOL implantation has its special reasons.Understanding the reasons of formation of residual astigmatism can provide us the methods how to reduce it.This paper reviewed the causes of the residual astigmatism after phacoemulsification cataract extraction and IOL implantation.

The fever was induced by intraperitoneal injecting of refined E.Coli endotoxin(ET). The cAMP level and the activity of adenylate cyclase (AC) in differen brain areas of rat were assayed.Both cAMP and AC in hypothalamus were increased significantly at the peak of fever in comparing with the control group (P

Fourty rats were divided into four groups and the aseptic inflammation was induced by subcutaneous injection of cronton oil into the back of 30 rats. Body temperature were gradually rose up after injection. The highest temperature appeared on the second day, then run down in the following days, and went back to normal on the eighth day. Brain were dissected in 10 normal rats without fever(group 1), other 10 rats at the peak of fever(group 2), and another 10 rats in the recovery phase on the third day (group 3). Ten rats in group 4 were used for observing the whole process of temperature change from injection day to the eighth day without brain dissection. The results showed that at the peak of fever, the levels of both cAMP and AC activities in hypo. thalamus were increased (P

Sixteen hybrid dogs were randomly divided inio two groups: (1) HSG grouphemorrhagic shock pretreated with ginseng fruit saponin at 30 min before bleeding and(2) HS group, hemorrhagic shock pretreated with same volum of saline. The hemorrhagicshock was induced by bleeding from carotid artery. Mean arterial blood pressure of 5. 3 kPawas maintained for 4 hr. In there 2 group of animals, the survival rates average pressurebefore put to death, end hemorrhage were obviously all different (P

24 white big ear female rabbits were divided into 3 groups at random, i. e. control group (CG), fever group (FG) and electric acupuncture group (EAG). CG were not given any treatment. Endotonin (ET) was i. v. injected into animals of FG and fever ensued. 80 min after the injection ET the body temperature of the animals raised 1.18℃. 80 min after the ET injection into animals of EAG. the body temperature of animals raise 0.35℃. The body temperature of CG was compared with that of FG an obvious difference (P

Radical resection is the main procedure to cure colorectal cancer.In recent years,with the development of minimally invasive technique,clinical application of Da Vinci robotic surgical system in radical resection of colorectal cancer was increasing rapidly.However,there still remains controversy about whether Da Vinci robotic surgery is superior to conventional laparoscopic surgery.In this review,authors will summarize results of clinical researches on Da Vinci robotic surgery application in colorectal cancer,investigate its advantages,disadvantages and future research direction.

To examine the effects of different temperature on preservation damages of red blood cells in liquid blood. Blood samples were taken from 10 healthy blood donors and divided each sample into 2 groups, the fresh blood was put into CP2D A solution at 0℃ and 4℃, and the samples were taken after 21 days and 42 days, and then the contents of membrane phospholipids were measured with shafiq UR rehman method, of CaM with purification PED test, of LPO with spectrophotometry. Results showed that at the same temperature, when the preservation time was prolonged, peroxidation was increased, the preservation damages were also augmented; the damages were declined when the temperature was lower during the same period, the aging of blood was more evident at 4℃. It is suggested that the 0℃ group is better than 4℃ group.

Objective To develop the ribavirin purity certified reference material( CRM ) which has measurement traceability and high accuracy,and establish an effective method of evaluation. Methods The homogeneity and the stability were checked by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and DSC methods were used for purity determination of ribavirin. Results Ribavirin showed satisfactory homogeneity and stability. The certified value of ribavirin was 99. 5%with an uncertainty of 0. 4%(k=2,P=0. 95). Conclusion Ribavirin purity CRM obtained in this paper has been proven to be a national primary CRM with high accuracy and traceability,which can be used to validate analytical methods,improve the accuracy of measurement data,establish meteorological traceability of analytical results as well as control the quality of ribavirin in the pharmaceutical industry.

Objective To explore the expression of interferon(IFN)-γ,interleukin(IL)-4 and IL-17 in the patients with hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection,which can reflect the function of helDer T lymphocyte(Th)1,Th2 and Th17 cells.Methods There were 34 chronic hepatitis B(CHB)Datients,31 liver cirrhosis(LC)patients,26 primary hepatocellular carcinoma(PHC)patients,22 chronic severe hepatitis patients and 15 healthy controls involved in our research.The levels of IFN-γ,IL-4 and IL-17 in serum of the patients with chronic HBV infection and healthy controls were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA). And the dala were analysed via t-test and Pearson correlation analysis.Results IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio of the CHB group(1.08±0.66,P＜0.01)was lower than that of healthy controls(2.60±0.60),and the ratio in the chronic severe hepatitis B group(4.81±0.87,P＜0.01)was higher than that in healthy control group.IFN-γIL-17 ratio in the CHB(1.13±0.85,P＜0.01),the LC(1.69±0.92,P=0.010)and the PHC group(1.76±0.84,P=0.011)were all lower than that in healthy conlrols group(2.66±0.70),and the ratio in the chronic severe hepatitis B group(3.68±0.42)was higher than that in healthy controls group (P=0.004).IL-4/IL-17 ratio in the LC(0.72±0.38,P=0.026)and the PHC group(0.63±0.19,P＜0.01)were both lower than that in heahhy controls(1.04±0.23).Conclusiolls The dominant expression of IL-4,IL-7 and IFN-γ is respectively found in the CHB patients,LC and PHC patients,and chronic severe hepatilis B patients.