Transient ischemic attack(TIA) is one frequent type of acute ischemic cerebral vascular disease.Much advancement has been made in the definition,aetiology,diagnosis and therapy of TIA in recent years.Carotid endarterectomy and carotid angioplasty and stenting is the latest therapy of carotid artery stenosis.

Cervical arterial dissection is an important cause resulting in stroke, particularly in young adults. The clinical manifestation of cervical arterial dissection may be various, and imaging examinations have a great value in the diagnosis of cervical arterial dissection. At present, anticoagulation and anti-platelet aggregation are the most important medication, while intravascular intervention is a new option for patients failed to respond to medical treatment. This article reviews the recent progress in the diagnosis and treatment of cervical arterial dissection.

Endovascular intervention is an effective method in the treatment of cerebrovascular stenosis. With the advancement of techniques and improvement of equipment, the application area of this treatment is expanding and the number of patients treated is increasing. Accordingly, the use of contrast media is improving continuously in endovascular intervention. An increasing number of contrast media-related complications have also been reported. This paper briefly reviews the contrast media-related complications and their management in endovascular intervention.

Cerebral venous thrombosis is a rare cerebral venous occlusive disease. Its clinical manifestations are variable, and this may lead to misdiagnosis or mistreatment. Prompt treatment is essential to improve its prognosis. This article reviews the recent treatment methods, especially the interventional endovascular treatment.

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) in children has been previously regarded as a rare cerebrovascular disease. With the development of neuroimaging, we have more knowledge and understanding about CVST in children. The etiologies of CVST can be divided into infectious and noninfectious. Its clinical manifestations are various and lack of specificity. These characteristics make the clinical diagnosis of CVST have some difficulties.Now, it is considered that in combination with magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance venography is the best means of diagnosis of CVST. Anticoagulation is the preferred treatment for CVST. Interventional thrombolysis, mechanical thrombectomy or decompressive craniotomy can be used for children whose symptoms continue to deteriorate after systematic anticoagulation therapy. The prognosis of CVST is relatively good if it is diagnosed and treated in time.

Objective The purpose of the present study was to develop an animal model of type II diabetic coro-nary heart disease in Zuker diabetic fatty ( ZDF) rats.Methods The ZDF rat model of type II diabetic coronary heart disease was prepared by high-fat diet feeding combined with continuous injection of isoprenaline hydrochloride (ISO) in a dose of 1 mg· mL-1 for 10 consecutive days.Serum creatine kinase (CK), and creatine kinase izozyme (CK-MB), ST segment in electrocardiogram ( ECG) and myocardial pathological changes were detected to evaluate the rat model.Results CK of both the control and model groups was gradually increased with ISO injections, while CK-MB increased first and then decreased.The ST segment in ECG part II had significant changes.The pathological examination found that about half of the myocardial cross section in the model group was necrotic after injections of ISO for 5 days and more than 3/4 of the my-ocardial cross section was necrotic after injection of ISO for 10 days.The results indicated that ISO caused myocardial inju-ry in ZDF rats.Conclusions The variation of CK-MB, CK, ST segments in ECG and myocardial necrosis indicate that the model is successfully established.The use of high-fat diet combined with continuous injection of isoprenaline hydrochlo-ride in a dose of 1 mg· mL is a simple way to develop a Zuker diabetic fatty rat model of type II diabetic coronary heart dis-ease.

As a classic cerebral revascularization procedure, carotid endarterectomy (CEA) has been widely used in the treatment of high-grade extracranial carotid artery stenosis. In recent years, carotid artery stenting (CAS) has a trend to replace CEA gradually. A large number of clinical studies have found that in addtion to perioperative complications, carotid restenosis after CEA and CAS also has important influence on the prognosis of patients. This article reviews the current status of diagnosis and treatment of restenosis after CEA and CAS.

Objective Identification of anatomic structures are essential for totally thoracoscopic anatomic pulmonary segmentectomies, however sometimes the procedure are difficulty.This study was to assess whether three-dimensional computed tomography angiography(3D-CTA) could contribute to the preoperative arrangement of thoracoscopic complex segmentectomy.Methods Between September 2012 and August 2014, 29 patients were performed thoracoscopic complex segmentectomies under the guidance of preoperative 3D-CTA.The segmentectomies pattern were based on the nodules' diameter, location,and pathology.The targeted vessels and bronchus were marked in preoperative simulated segmentectomies.Results Of the 29 cases, 9 right upper lobe segmentectomies, 13 left upper segmentectomies, and 7 bibasilar segmentectomies were achieved, among which 6 subsegmentectomies were also inclued.The mean lesion diameter, operative time and intraoperative blood loss were(1.35 ± 0.80) cm, (190.53 ± 50.83) min, and (26.90 ± 32.24) ml respectively.Under the guidance of preoperative 3D-CTA , 8(27.5％) nodules were detected accurately, moreover 2(6.9％) aberrant arteries and 1 (3.4％) aberrant bronchus were observed.According to the marked vessels and bronchus preoperatively, 27 (93.1％) arteries, 25 (86.2％)veins,and 29(100％) bronchus were identified and dissected in the operation.Three cases converted to unplanned segmentectomies.No serious complications or death occurred.Conclusion 3D-CTA is an effective tool to enhance security and efficiency in thoracoscopic complex anatomical segmentectomy.

AIM: To establish a method using HPLC with column switching for determination of Danshensu in human blood serums. RESULTS: A linearity range of 0.0248～0.3720?g was obtained. The recovery was 99.2%. CONCLUSION: The method is simple, sensitive and suitable for pharmacoknetics studies and clinical detection of Compound Danshen Dripping Pills

Objective To establish characteristic spectrum of ginsenosides in Panax quinquefolium from Liuba. Methods Using C_(18) solid phase-extraction cartridges, main ginsenosides from 40% ethanol extracts of P. quinquefolium were purified. Then the samples were analyzed by HPLC-EMS. Results(From the) total ion spectrum of P. quinquefolium, 3 stronger peaks were selected. Based on them, characteristic corresponding spectrum of ginsenosides in P. quinquefolium from Liuba was established. Conclusion This method has reliable reproducibility and precision. Its simple pretreatment, easily operation, and rapidly analytic procedure show that this method is suitable for identifying P. quinquefolium.