This paper reports the nursing care of 7 patients with liver cirrhosis during pregnancy and childbirth. During the pregnancy period,nursing care focused on integrated management,monitoring of the dynamic changes of liver cirrhosis and individualized care. During delivery and perioperative period,supportive treatment was implemented and complications such as upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage,postpartum hemorrhage and infections were prevented. The 7 patients got through the perinatal period safely.

Objective To study the status quo of nursing human resource configuration and structure of neonatology department in China's economically developed areas.Methods Using judgment sampling and multi-stage stratified sampling,investigations were conducted by the self-designed questionnaire in letter in 2012.Results In 2012,both the bed nurse ratio(1:0.79) and doctor nurse ratio (1: 1.22) met the Health Ministry's standards (1:0.58-0.61 and 1: 2) respectively.Age distribution of neonatology nursing staff was from 25 to 34 years old (55％).The distribution of wordng experience was average.Nurses with junior college degree as the main body took up 48％,with primary title as the main body 66％,and the appointment system accounted for 42％.The nursing personnel with young ages,senior skilled,higher education degree,and advanced titles were concentrated in Grade Ⅲ-A hospitals and public hospitals of women and children.In terms of distribution equity,two Gini coefficients of geographical and population distribution were both less than 0.35 and near zero,which indicated relatively perfect equity.Conclusions The stock and per capita of neonatology nursing human resources in China's economically developed areas were insufficient in the long run and showed imbalanced allocation among hospitals with different levels.The allocation structure failed to meet the needs of nursing disciplinary development.

Objective To explore the establishment of skin photoaging model and the protective effects of nitroxide tempol on skin in guinea pig. Methods The guinea pig skin photoageing model was established by using solar-simulaten radiation (SSR). Dermal structure was observed with hematoxylin-eosin staining. The structure and expression of elastic fiber were analyzed by Weigert's staining. The uhrastructure of dermal fibroblasts and elastic fiber were observed by electron microscopy. Tempol was used before each exposure at the concentration of 5 mg/ml or 0. 5 mg/ml, and the protective effects of tempol on skin were assessed. Results After seventeen weeks' exposure, there was typical "solar elastosis" damage in the upper dermis. Mature elastic fibers were severely degraded and there was large amount of elastotic material accumulated in the upper dermis. Dermal fibroblasts appeared metabolically hyperactive and mitochondria in the cells were damaged. Some cells even broke up. Tempol at the concentration of 5 mg/ml or 0. 5 mg/ml could prevent photodamage of the photoageing model in the dermis, and Tempol at the concentration of 5 mg/ml had stronger protective effects. Conclusions Guinea pig can be applied as an useful animal model of skin photoageing. Antioxidant tempol has photoprotective effects on photodamage of the photoageing model in guinea pig and can be used as an anti-photoageing agent.

OBJECTIVETo understand the molecular epidemiologic features of human metapnenmovirus (hMPV) in children with respiratory tract infection in Hangzhou.

METHODS2 593 throat swabs were collected from patients with respiratory tract infections who visited the hospitals with sentinel surveillance programs from January 2011 to December 2013, including 1 676 outpatients and 917 inpatients. Total nucleic acid was extracted from the specimens and the fusion (F) protein gene of hMPV was amplified by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), with positive samples picked to compare with the sequence of hMPV in GenBank, after the sequence of amplification products were determined. Other two types of common respiratory virus were tested using RT-PCR.

RESULTSThe overall positive rate in this study was 6.51% (169/2 593), with 6.62% (111/1 676) in outpatients and 6.32% (58/917) in inpatients, but no statistically significant difference was found (χ(2) = 0.086, P = 0.769). The rates was 7.01% in males and 5.72% in females, with no statistically significant difference in different sex (χ(2) = 1.676, P = 0.195). The positive rate was 14.14% (28/198)in the 2-year-olds, 14.01% (22/158)in 3-year olds. The rate in 2-year olds was higher than in other groups, with statistically significant differences between the groups (χ(2) = 38.654, P = 0.000). Of the 169 positive cases, 153 (90.53%) in the younger than 5 years olds. The rates of infection with hMPV in winter and spring were statistically higher than in summer and autumn (χ(2) = 67.032, P = 0.000). The rate of co-infection was 19.52% (33/169). 88 amplified productions were selected for gene sequence analysis, and the F gene homology were 81.6%-100.0% with reference strains in GenBank. Data showed that all the 4 viral subtypes: A2 (52.27% , 46/88), B1 (37.51%, 33/88), B2 (9.09%, 8/88) and A1 (1.13%, 1/88) co-circulated during the study. However, different subtypes appeared predominant in different years:hMPV subtype B1 was in 2011 and 2012, subtype A2 in the end of 2012 and in 2013. Of the 88 specimens, gene sequences were determinate, with A genotype accounted for 67.56% (25/37), B genotype for 32.43% (12/37)in children younger than 1-year olds, and A genotype accounted for 43.13% (22/51), B genotype for 56.86% (29/51)in children above 1-year olds. Significant differences between the two groups (χ(2) = 5.143, P = 0.023) were noticed.

CONCLUSIONIt was confirmed that hMPV was one of the substantial pathogens causing the respiratory tract infections. Data from our study suggested that the peak time of hMPV infection predominated during winter and spring in Hangzhou. Both hMPV subtype B1 and subtype A2 were found popular in this study, with hMPV genotype A dominating in children younger than 1-year olds.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Coinfection ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Metapneumovirus ; genetics ; pathogenicity ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Paramyxoviridae Infections ; epidemiology ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; epidemiology ; Seasons ; Sentinel Surveillance