Objective A retrospective analysis on papers of geriatric neurological diseases which were published in seven Chinese journals of core periodicals from 1992 year to 2001 year. Methods Ten years of Chinese Journal of Geriatrics, Chinese Journal of Neurology, Chinese Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry, Chinese Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, Journal of Clinical Neurology, Journal of Apoplexy and Nervous Diseases, Chinese Journal of Clinical Neurosciences were reviewed and all papers on nervous diseases in the elderly were statistically analyzed. Results In these 7 journals, 231 papers on topics of senile neurological diseases were published in the period of 10 years. Among them, 148(64.1%) papers were published in Chinese Journal of Geriatrics, 28 papers (12 1%) in Journal of Clinical Neurology and 25 papers(10 8%) in Chinese Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases. In all papers of senile nervous diseases, the cerebrovascular diseases occupied the first place, totally 78 papers accounted for 33 8%; Alzheimer's disease took second place, with 51 papers, accounted for 22 1% and Parkinson's disease was third one, 29 papers, accounted for 12 5%. In the other items of senile neurological diseases, there were multiple system atrophy in the elderly, myasthenia graves in the elderly, epidemiological and clinical characteristics of senile depression, epilepsia in the elderly, facial nerve paralysis in the elderly, senile traumatic intracranial hematoma and severe head trauma, etc. Conclusions Chinese Journal of Geriatrics is main carrier for publishing the papers of senile neurological diseases. The main published articles were in following orders: cerebrovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. It indicates that these 3 diseases are the important risk illnesses for the health of the elderly.

Objective To analyze the references cited from Chinese Journal of Geriatrics from 1992 to 2001 year and to approach the regular patterns of references. Methods All references of scientificpapers printed in Chinese Journal of Geriatrics from 1992-2001 year were imputed into CP. All references of treatises, literature reviews and lectures were analyzed according to different languages, time distributions and cited half-life, etc. Results In recent 10 years the majority of references were in Chinese and English, accounting for 29.4% and 69.5%, respectively. The names of cited periodicals were much scattered, 335 periodicals in Chinese and 1 016 periodicals in English. The half-life of the value of information in Chinese and English periodicals was degraded by year. According to Bradford's law the nucleus of periodicals in Chinese was 5, which was similar to the nucleus of periodicals from 1982-1991 year. Chinese Journal of Geriatrics still took the first place in Chinese periodicals. The nucleus of periodicals in English was much changed as compared with nucleus of periodicals from 1992-2001 years. The journal "Circulation"occupied the first place. Conclusions It is easy to get all deliverable journal literature via the internet, so there was more broad collection of recent primaryjournal literature and secondarydatabase. Chinese Journal of Geriatrics took the first place in Chinese periodicals.

Objective　 In order to observe the long-term follow-up of 72 patients with transient ischemic attack（TIA），including the recurrence of TIA after the first attack, occurrence of complete stroke and myocardial infarction, fatality rate, causes of death, and the survival rate in each year and its 95% confidence interval, and to evaluate the clinical significance of neurovascular surgical indication.　Methods　 Seventy-two patients with TIA collected from 1959 to 1977 were followed up by means of face-to-face communication with the patients themselves or their families till 1998. And those aspects mentioned above were analyzed with the methods of cohort study, life table and other medical epidemiological statistics. 　Results　 The recurrent rate of TIA in 72 patients was 27.9%, and the occurrence rate of complete stroke 65.7%, and that of the myocardial infarction and the fatality 8.4% and 72.7%, respectively. There were 2(3.8%) patients died of myocardial infarction. It was showed from the study that the main cause of death was complete stroke, accounting for 59.6% of all dead patients, with the first cause in non-elderly patients was cerebral hemorrhage and that in the elderly patients was cerebral infarction. The 20-year survival rate was 39.9% and its 95% confidence interval was (28.4%，51.4%). Nineteen cases had the indication of neurovascular surgical operation, accounting for 26.6% of all 72 patients. 　Conclusions　 In the long-term follow-up study, the prognosis of patients with TIA was better than that of those with cerebral infarction. About one third of patients had the recurrence of TIA. The occurrence rate of the complete stroke was obviously higher than that of the myocardial infarction. It was considered that neurovascular surgical operation for preventing the happening of complete stroke in patients with TIA was limited.

Objective To study the mirror writing in elderly patients with senile dementia and vascular dementia. Methods Thirty-three senile dementia patients and 30 vascular dementia patients were studied. Age- and education-matched 63 healthy elder people were included in control groups. Ten items for determination of handedness, Mini Mental Status Examination(MMSE), Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) and the written language of Chinese Aphasia Examination Scale(draft) were adopted to examine all patients. Hachinski Ischemic Scale was used for differentiation between senile dementia and vascular dementia. Results Seventeen (51.51%) of senile dementia patients and 23 (76.60%) of vascular dementia patients were mirror writiers. In the corresponding control groups, these numbers were found to be 2(6.06%) and 7 (23.30%) respectively. The occurrence rate of mirror writing in senile dementia group and vascular dementia group was markedly higher than in the normal controls(P

Objective To study the working memory changes in patients with Parkinson disease(PD).Methods The Smith working memory software was used and 66 cases of PD patients and 60 normal controls were enrolled.Results The results showed that the correct rate of visuo-spatial working memory was significantly decreased (P0.05) working memory impairment found in PD patients. The correct rate of visuo-spatial and visuo-object working memory in the middle stage of PD was significantly decreased than that in the early stage. The relative analysis showed that the Hoehn-Yahr stage, a negative relationship to the correct rate of visuo-spatial and visuo-object working memory.Conclusion Spatial working memory impairment without object shape and the color working memory impairment were found in the early stage of PD. As disease advanced both the visuo-spatial and object shape working memory deficits were found exacerbated.

Objective To study clinical characteristics and CT features of cerebellar hemorrhage in the elderly patients in order to make early diagnosis and treatment. Methods The clinical characteristics, CT scan, sites and causes of hemorrhage, as well as the treatment and the prognosis of 32 elderly patients with cerebellar hemorrhage were analysed. Results The main clinical symptoms were vomiting, vertigo and headache and were observed in 32(100.0%), 26(81.2%) and 18(56.2%) cases, respectively. High motality rate was observed in hemorrhage volume≥25 ml, patients aged over 70 years and accomanied with cerebral hernia and multi-organ failure. Conclusions The clinical manifestations of cerebellar hemorrhage were not typical in the elderly. Cerebral hernia and multiple organ failure were the main causes of death. Hypertension and artherosclerosis were the main etiologies of cerebellar hemorrhage. The early diagnosis is necessary for the treatment of cerebellar hemorrhage. The prognosis was related to the quantity and site of hemorrhage.

Objective To investigate the effects of anti-parkinsonian drugs on cytokines(IL-6 and TNF-?) produced by PBMC in PD patients. Methods 25 subjects were divided into 3 groups : normal controls(NC),pergolide and Madopar treated PD patients(P+M group),Madopar treated PD patients(M group). PBMC were cultured in the presence of pure RPMI-1640,RPMI-1640 with ConA and RPMI-1640 with pergolide,respectively. The amount of IL-6 and TNF-? in the culture media was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results IL-6 production amount by PBMC when stimulated with ConA was significantly lower in group P+M and M than in group NC( P 0.05). In group P+M,the concentration of TNF-? was significantly higher in the presence of ConA than in the presence of pure RPMI-1640 and in the presence of pergolide( P 0.05). Conclusions The ability of amount by PBMC of PD elderly patients to excrete IL-6 was significantly decreased in the presence of ConA. Pergolide might arise the excretion of IL-6 by PBMC during the treatment process of PD and at the same time does not arise the excretion of TNF-?,which might be neurotoxic.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of hip replacement through a minimal incision via modified Hardinge approach.Methods Hip replacement was performed in 21 cases(22 hip joints) from July 2005 to March 2006.The operation was completed through a minimal incision via modified Hardinge approach,with the greater trochanter as the center.There were 12 cases of total hip replacement(13 hip joints) and 9 cases of bipolar femoral head replacement.A biological prosthesis was used in all the cases. Results The mean length of incision was 7.6 cm(range,6.0~9.0 cm),the mean operation time was 76 min(range,(45~)150 min),and the mean blood loss,370 ml(range,190~580 ml).No severe complications occurred.All the cases were followed for a mean of 38 weeks(range,22~53 weeks).Evaluation with the Harris hip score system showed excellent outcomes in 18 cases(19 hips) and good in 3 cases,with a rate of excellent or good results of 100%.Conclusions Minimal incision hip replacement through the modified Hardinge approach has advantages of minimal trauma,little blood loss,low complication rate,and quick recovery.

Objective To explore the characteristics of prospective memory impairments in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) at the early and middle stage. Methods Fifteen PD patients at the early and middle stage and 15 normal controls matched with age, sex, education and occupation were asked to complete event-based prospective memory (EBPM) and time-based prospective memory (TBPM) tasks. Results In the EBPM task (points), there was a significant difference between PD patients (3.93±2.69) and normal controls (6.00±2.17, t =-2.318,P <0.05). In the TBPM task(points), there was no significant difference between PD patients (3.47±1.96) and normal controls (3.80±1.70, t= -0.498, P >0.05). Conclusion The EBPM is impaired and the TBPM is relatively spared in early and middle stage PD patients.

BACKGROUND: Essential tremor is a kind of dyskinesia disease with a tendency to heredity. β-adnephrin receptor blocker is mainly used for treatment, but the dosage was great, patients could not persist in treatment. Hydrochloric-acid arotinolol, which characterizes by little side effect, is a β-receptor blocking agent combined with blocking effect of α receptor, and is an ideal drug to treat essential tremor in Japan.OBJECTIVE: To observe the reliability and curative effect of hydrochloric-acid arotinolol on essential tremor among Chinese people.DESIGN: Case analysis.SETTING: Neurological Departments of Beijing Hospital of Ministry of Public Health and General Hospital of Beijing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 30 patients with essential tremor, 19 males and 11 females, aged from 21 to 74 years, with course of 1-40 years, average of (15.8±12.6) years, were selected from Neurological Departments of Beijing Hospital of Ministry of Public Health and General Hospital of Beijing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from April 1999 to December 2000.METHODS: Tremor degree of upper limb, caput and lower limb, degree of dysfunction of hand, tremor degree of hand during writing and circling, and chief complaint of pain caused by tremor were scored before medication and 2, 4 and 6 weeks after medication. Scores were determined as 1 point, 2 points and 3 points according to mild, moderate and severe degree respectively. Evaluated criteria: ① Obviously effective: Differences were more than 7 points before and after treatment. ② Effective: Differences were 6.5-3 points before and after treatment. ③ A little effective: Differences were 3-1.5 points before and after treatment. ④ No changes: Differences were from 1 to -1 points before and after treatment. ⑤ Worse: Differences were less than -1.5 points before and after treatment. Meanwhile, blood pressure and heart rate of patients and side effect of drug were observed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Results of effective evaluation; ②Blood pressure and heart rate before and after treatment; ③ Adverse events and side effect.RESULTS: Totally 30 patients entered the final analysis. ① Among 30 patients with essential tremor, 6 had obvious effect, 11 had effect, 5 had a little effect, 7 had no effect, and 1 was worse. ② Average of blood pressure before treatment was (138.5±14.6)/(84.2±6.4) mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa), and was (130±10)/(79.7±6.3) mm Hg after 1 course. Average heart rate was (77.5±6.4) times/minute before treatment and (75±6.4) times/minute after treatment. The difference was not significant. ③ Among 30 patients, 4 had side effect at various degrees which was accounted for 13.4%; 1 had distress after medication, 1 had agrypnia, 2 had fullness in head and dizziness, and 1 gave up the treatment because of deteriorated tremor.CONCLUSION: Hydrochloric-acid arotinolol can improve tremor symptom of patients obviously and is an effective drug to treat essential tremor with convenient and safe medication.