Objective　To explore the correlative factors of ovulation-failure induced with clomiphene(CC) in polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).Methods　The relationship between ovulation rate(OR),ovulation cycle rate(OCR) among 178 cases,569 taking medicine cycles and clinical features,endocrine markers were retrospectively analysed.Results　OR was 73.0%,OCR was 45.3%,OCR of both the dysfunctional uterine bleeding(DUB) and anovulatory menstruation groups were markedly higher than those of secondary amenorrhea group(P＜0.005，0.05)，OCR of the DUB group was significantly higher than that in oligomenstruation group too(P＜0.05).OR of the nonpilosity and nonobesity groups were markedly higher than that of pilosity and obesity groups respectively(P＜0.01，0.005).OCR of the unmarried group was significantly higher than infertility and fertilized groups(P＜0.025，0.005).OCR of LH/FSH≥3 and serum testosterone(T) level-normal groups were respectively higher than LH/FSH＜3 and serum T level-elevated group(P＜0.05～0.025).There was markedly correlation among LH/FSH radio,T level,BMI and OR,OCR,PRL levels and OR(P＜0.05～0.01).Conclusions　The findings suggest that effect of the ovulation induced with CC in PCOS relate to types of menstruation,pilosity,status of marry-fertility,levels of LH/FSH,T,PRL.

Objective To explore the correlative factors of ovulation-failure induced with clomiphene(CC) in polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).Methods The relationship between ovulation rate(OR),ovulation cycle rate(OCR) among 178 cases,569 taking medicine cycles and clinical features,endocrine markers were retrospectively analysed.Results OR was 73.0%,OCR was 45.3%,OCR of both the dysfunctional uterine bleeding(DUB) and anovulatory menstruation groups were markedly higher than those of secondary amenorrhea group(P

Objective To explore the effect of insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) on the growth of muscle-derived stem cells(MDSCs). Methods MDSCs were isolated from the hindlimb muscle of new born mice through serial preplates.DMEM with 2% fetal bovine serum was used to induce MDSCs to differentiate into skeletal muscle lineage.The expression of stem cell marker Sca-1 or skeletal muscle cell marker ?-sarcomeric actin was examined by immunocytochemistry SP method.MTT colorimetric microassay was conducted to determine the effect of IGF-1 on MDSCs proliferation.The relationship between functioning and culture time and the relationship between functioning and IGF-1 concentration were studied. Results MDSCs were successfully isolated from the hindlimb of neonatal mice.Over 90% of the MDSCs showed Sca-1 positive immunoreactivity.MDSCs could give rise to ?-sarcomeric actin positive myotubes in differentiation cultures.The proliferative effect of IGF-1 on MDSCs increased gradu ally with prolonged culture time.The elevation of IGF-1 concentration also increased the proliferative effect until it came to a saturation point.Conclusion IGF-1 can promote the proliferation of in vitro cultured MDSCs.

Studies have shown that embryonic stem cells and neural stem ceils could be induced to differentiate into motor neurons by adding inducing factors to the culture to improve differentiation proportion of motor neurons. The development and maturation process of motor neurons in vitro culture is similar to that in embryo, involving participation of Pax6, Nk×6.1, Olig2 and HB9. Moreover, cells with HB9 as separation mark almost differentiate into motor neurons in vitro. In addition, other types of protein marks have been used for identification of motor neuronal induced differentiation, such as neuron mark MAP-2, β-tubulin-Ⅲ, cholinergic cell mark ChAT, VAChT, Schwann cell mitogen REG2, and voltage-dependent calcium ion channel 11.2 subunit. The identification of induced differentiation of motor neurons also involves detection of function of differentiated motor neurons by two methods. One method is to detect the function of in vitro cultured motor neurons, and the other is to detect the function of transplanted motor neurons in vivo. Although induced differentiation of stem cells into motor neurons becomes mature, many issues remain in clinical application, such as cell sources of induced differentiation of motor neuron, efficiency of induced differentiation, purification of differentiated motor neurons, and function of motor neurons.

OBJECTIVE: As a part of the whole skeleton,oral maxilloficial bone can also be affected by the risk factors of systemic osteoporosis. This paper reviewed literature on the possible correlation of systemic osteoporosis with oral alveolar bone resorption,periodontal disease,healing of implanted denture and temporomandibular joint disease that result from oral maxillofacial osteoporosis.DATA SOURCES: Literature in English between January 1999 and December 2003 were searched with the computer in Medline Database by the following key words: osteoporosis,alveolar trophy,periodontitis,implanted denture and tempororomandibular joint with; meanwhile literature was also searched in Chinese Periodical Database and Wanfang Database of the same period by the same key words in Chinese.STUDY SELECTION: Literature involving treatment group and control group were screened in the first trial. Then those non-randomized clinical trials were excluded and the others were looked up for full text. Inclusion criteria: randomized controlled clinical trial(RTC) . Exclusion criteria: repeated study.DATA EXTRACTION: A total of 27 articles of randomized or non-randomized studies on the possible association of systemic osteoporosis with oral alveolar bone atrophy, implanted denture and temporomandibular joint disease were collected,and 18 trials met the inclusion criteria.DATA SYNTHESIS: All subjects in the 18 studies were confirmed of having osteoporosis according the diagnostic standards. Changes of oral maxillofacial bone in systemic osteoporosis were explored by observing bone density,residual teeth, the height of alveolar ridge so as to make comparative and correlation analysis.CONCLUSION: In systemic osteoporosis, mandible bone may also have rarefaction changes.

OBJECTIVE: Factors that result in systemic osteoporosis will also affect maxillofacial bones for the latter is a component of skeleton. Present studies are being focused on how is the effect of the drugs that are used to treat systemic osteoporosis on maxillofacial bones. In this article we reviewedclinical and experimental studies about the drugs that acts on maxillomandibular and alveolar bone loss in order to find treatment for maxillofacial bone loss.DATA SOURCES: Medline was searched from January 1999 to October 2001 for English literatures with the searching words of "osteoporosis,mandible, bisphosphonates, herb, estradiol." And Chinese journal database was also searched from January 1995 to December 2004 for Chinese literatures with the searching words of "osteoporosis, mandible, bisphosphonates,herb estradiol"DATA SELECTION: The literatures of therapeutic and controlled studies were chosen, from which the non-random trials and repeated ones were excluded. The full texts of the remaining literatures were found and those of random and controlled trials were included in this review.DATA EXTRACTION: Seventeen literatures that were about random trials on the treatment of maxillofacial bone loss were collected. Thirteen of these 17 were included in this review and 4 of repeated trials were excluded.DATA SYNTHESIS: The subjects in the 17 literatures were all patients with osteoporosis that were in compatible with diagnosis standard. Drugs that act by inhibiting bone resorption, increasing bone mass and ameliorating bone quality were used. The effects of the drugs were compared and analyzed in perspective of the density, mass and strength of bone.CONCLUSION: Medicines for systemic osteoporosis are effective in ameliorating maxillomandibular bone structure, delaying alveolar bone resorption and promoting new bone formation.

AIM:The main purpose of this study is to investigate the regulatory role of C/EBP? in mouse vesicular glutamate transporter 2(mVGLUT2) gene expression. METHODS:The promoter region of mVGLUT2 was cloned to PGL3-basic vector. Site-direction mutation was used to identify the CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein ?(C/EBP?) binding site. The promoter activity was observed by luciferase system. The binding between C/EBP? protein and mVGLTU2 promoter region was determined by EMSA. The C/EBP? gene expression was inhibited by its specific siRNA. RESULTS:mVGLUT2 promoter activity decreased about 50% after mutation of C/EBP? binding site. EMSA showed that C/EBP? protein bound onto mVGLUT2 promoter region. Meanwhile,when C/EBP? gene expression was inhibited by its specific siRNA,mVGLUT2 promoter activity,mRNA level and protein level were decreased about 60%,40% and 45%,respectively. CONCLUSION:C/EBP? is involved in the regulation of mVGLUT2 gene expression.

Objective To explore the hypothesis that postconditioning during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) would improve cardiac function and reduce infarct size after prolonged reperfusion. Methods Forty-one patients undergoing primary PTCA with acute myocardial infarction were randomized into the control group (n=16) or the postconditioning (n=23) group within 90 minutes after admission. In the control group, no intervention was given at the onset of reperfusion, while in the postconditioning group, three cycles of repetitive angioplasty balloon inflation and deflation was performed within 1 minute after reperfusion. ST segment regression, TIMI flow and blush grade were analyzed for all patients after the procedure. Ejection fraction and infarct size assessed by nuclear imaging were quantified respectively at 7 days after restoration of reperfusion. Results ST segment resolution, TIMI flow and blush grade between the two groups were compatible. Area under the curve of serum CK release during the first 72 hours of reperfusion was significantly reduced in the postconditioning group than that in the control group (58?002 vs 79?787, P=0.04). There was a tendency towards amelioration in ejection fraction in the postconditioning compared with the control group (52.1%?12.9% vs 44.5%?16.7%, P=0.29). Conclusion Postconditioning during PTCA protects the heart against acute myocardial ischemic-reperfusion injury. More importantly, the study indicates that protection with postconditioning is still preserved after an extended reperfusion, suggesting a permanent protection.

Objective To analyze the reason of necrosis for pedunculated skin flaps repaired after floor of the mouth defect repair.Methods 56 cases of pedunclated-flaps restoring the floor of the mouth from 1996 to 2001 were reviewed, and pedunclated-flap repair was performed after operation in 11 cases suffering from malignant tumors in the floor of the mouth, and 5 kinds of pedunculated flaps were compared.Results Five kinds of pedunculated flaps were used to reconstruct the floor of the mouth defects. Its successful sequence was as following: forehead flap, pectoralis major myocutaneous flap, sternocleidomastoid flaps,trapezius myocutaneous flaps, and subhyoid flap.Conclusions Causes of those flaps necrosis might relate to furnishing blood with supplied-flaps region and structure of anatomy in received-flaps region, also it is related to operater's skill.So the reason of repair failure of skin flaps with pedicle needs comprehensive analysis.

AIM: The main purpose of this study is to investigate the regulatory role of C/EBPα in mouse vesicular glutamate transporter 2(mVGLUT2) gene expression. METHODS: The promoter region of mVGLUT2 was cloned to PGL3-basic vector. Site-direction mutation was used to identify the CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein α(C/EBPα) binding site. The promoter activity was observed by luciferase system. The binding between C/EBPα protein and mVGLTU2 promoter region was determined by EMSA. The C/EBPα gene expression was inhibited by its specific siRNA. RESULTS: mVGLUT2 promoter activity decreased about 50% after mutation of C/EBPα binding site. EMSA showed that C/EBPα protein bound onto mVGLUT2 promoter region. Meanwhile, when C/EBPα gene expression was inhibited by its specific siRNA, mVGLUT2 promoter activity, mRNA level and protein level were decreased about 60%, 40% and 45%, respectively. CONCLUSION: C/EBPα is involved in the regulation of mVGLUT2 gene expression.