Aim To observe the effect of sodium nitrop russide (SNP)on glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) synthesis in the gerbil hippocampus. Method lmmunofluorescent histochemical staining method was used. Result SNP increased GFAP synthesis in rediatum layer,molecular layer and dentate gyrus.There were not GFAP positive cells in rediatum layer and mol ecular layer.Number of GFAP positive cells related to dose of SNP.Conclu sion SNP increased GFAP synthesis.

Objective To observe effect of aerobic exercise combined with inhalation of tiotropium on patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) complicated with pulmonary hypertension.Methods A total of 98 patients with stable COPD and grade Ⅱ or Ⅲ pulmonary function complicated with pulmonary hypertension were recruited.They were divided into an observation group (n =31) and two control groups (n =30 and 37).Patients in control group 1 inhaled shahmette and fluticasone powder,and antibiotics as well as apophlegmatisant were also used in accordance with the demands of the patient's condition.Patients of in control group 2 inhaled tiotropium dry powder and accepted other therapeutic measures equivalent to those of control group1.The patients in the observation group were given aerobic exercise in addition to other therapeutic measures equivalent to those of control group 2.Six-minute walk test distances,pulmonary arterial systolic pressure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test scores were compared after 6 months of treatment,among the groups and against the baseline values before treatment.Results After 6 months of treatment the average 6-minute walk distance,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment score and pulmonary arterial systolic pressure of the observation group were all significantly better than for either of the control groups.Conclusions Inhaling tiotropium dry powder combined with aerobic exercise can reduce pulmonary artery systolic pressure and improve the symptoms as well as the quality of life for patients with stable COPD complicated by pulmonary hypertension.

Objective To evaluate the inhibitory effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in lesions of patients with psoriasis on T lymphocyte proliferation.Methods Tissue specimens were obtained from the lesions of 15 patients with psoriasis vulgaris (7 at progressive stage and 8 at resting stage) and normal skin of 15 human controls from the Department of Urology and Plastic Surgery,Taiyuan City Centre Hospital.MSCs were isolated from these skin specimens,cultured,and identified using flow cytometry and in vitro differentiation assay.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect the concentration of interleukin (IL)-6,IL-1 1,hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in the culture supernatant of third-passage MSCs.Peripheral blood T cells were obtained from a healthy adult and cocultured with the third-passage MSCs for four days.Then,cells were counted and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was conducted to evaluate the proliferation of T cells.One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK) test were carried out to compare the proliferation of T lymphocytes,and two independent samples t test to compare the concentrations of cytokines.Results Inverted microscopy revealed that the patient-and control-derived MSCs shared similar morphological properties and multi-directional differentiation capacity,along with the expression of CD29,CD44,CD73,CD90 and CD105,but absence of CD34,CD45 and HLA-DR on cell surface.After coculture with MSCs from the patients and controls for four days,the count of T lymphocytes per milliliter was (1.67 ± 0.34) × 105 and (1.04 ± 0.29) × 105 respectively (P＜ 0.01),and the proliferative activity (expressed as absorbence at 492 nm)was 0.317 ± 0.021 and 0.275 ± 0.007 respectively (P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the control-derived MSCs,the patient-derived MSCs showed a significantly higher level of IL-1 1 ((181.37 ± 31.74) vs.(130.07 ± 29.20) ng/L,t =5.32,P ＜ 0.01),but a lower level of lL-6 ((61.67±17.53) vs.(76.74±18.96) ng/L,t=2.61,P＜0.05)and HGF ((319.24 ± 41.03) vs.(352.35 ± 51.47) ng/L,t =2.25,P＜ 0.05),as well as a similar level of TFG-β1,in the culture supernatant.Conclusions The inhibitory effect of MSCs in psoriatic lesions on T lymphocyte proliferation is diminished,which may contribute to the pathogenesis of psoriasis.

Objective To determine the median effective concentration (EC50) of remifentanil inhibiting responses to tracheal extubation in patients of Uygur nationality.Methods The patients of Uygur nationality,aged 18-60 yr,of ASA physical status Ⅰ or [Ⅱ,scheduled for elective surgery,were enrolled in this study.After the end of surgery,remifentanil was given by target-controlled infusion until tracheal extubation.The initial target plasma concentration (Cp) of remifentanil was 2.0 ng/ml.The response was defined as positive when MAP and/or HR increased by ＞ 15％ of the level at the end of operation and the duration ＞ 15 s during extubation.Each time the target Cp increased/decreased if the cardiovascular response was positive or negative.The ratio between the two successive concentrations was 1.1.The EC50 and 95 ％ confidence interval of remifentanil blunting responses to extubation was calculated by Probit method.Results Twenty-eight patients completed the study.The EC50 and 95 ％ confidence interval of remifentanil required for inhibiting the responses to extubation was 1.75 ng/ml and 1.45-2.01 ng/ml.Conclusion The EC50 of remifentanil inhibiting the responses to tracheal extubation is 1.75 ng/ ml in patients of Uygur nationality.

Objective To evaluate the advantage and clinical value of javanica oil emulsion injection combined with radiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma. Method Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) concerning javanica oil emulsion injection combined with radiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma were made on electronic databases of CBM, CNKI, Wangfang, VIP and PubMed from 1990 to February 28, 2015. Quality of the included RCTs was assessed by Jadad scoring , and Meta-analyses were performed by RevMan5.3 software. Results Seven RCTs involving 575 patients were included in Meta-analysis. All studies were in low quality. The results of Meta-analyses showed that Javanica oil emulsion injection combined with radiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma, compared with control groups, could increase the recent curative effect (P < 0.000 01) and improve the quality of live (P = 0.000 8), decrease the hematologic toxicities (P = 0.03) and the incidence rate of radioaction esophagitis (P = 0.02), but not enough evidence was found to prove that it can enhance survival rate (P = 0.25). Conclusions The results of Meta-analysis indicate that javanica oil emulsion injection may have therapeutic effects on the treatment of esophageal carcinoma. Yet the effects of javanica oil emulsion injection still need to be confirmed by large multi-center randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND:Metabonomics has been proved to analyze and observe the pathological process of rat myocardial infarction and the underlying mechanism. OBJECTIVE:To further analyze the metabolomic pathways of bioinformatics in rat models of myocardial infarction. METHODS:The experimental studies about rat myocardial infarction were retrieved from CNKI, WanFang, CqVip, PubMed and Embase databases. The metabolic products described in the literatures were col ected and summarized. Signaling pathways were analyzed using KEGG database molecular function annotation, the enzymes, translocators and their properties were analyzed by HMDB database. Metabolites pathway were visualized with MetPA. RESULTS AND CONSLUSION:A total of 26 metabolic products were identified in the included literatures and mainly participated in 29 metabolic pathways. Through topology analysis, 5 of the 10 metabolic pathways were selected and regarded as the metabolic pathways of myocardial infarction in rats, including aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis;glycine, serine and threonine metabolism;valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis;biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids;phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis. In conclusion, the bioinformatics analysis of metabolites in rats with myocardial infarction show that myocardial infarction is related to the metabolism and metabolic pathways of carbohydrates, proteins, fat and RNA.

AIM To determine the effect of L-arginin e on cerebral blood perfusion following subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH) in rats. METHODS Endovascular perforating SAH models were replicated in Wista r rats, and animals were divided into sham-operated group, SAH group and SAH+ L-arginine group. Dynamic changes of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) with in 24 hours were measured and serum nitric oxide(NO, NO - 2/NO - 3)levels at different time points within 24 hours were detected. Mean arterial blood pre ssure and blood gas were monitored during the experiment. RESULTS No obvious change in physiological parameters in the three groups was observed . rCBF and serum nitric oxide level at every time point after operation in SAH g roup were lower than those in sham-operated group. Pathological alterations abo ve in SAH+L-arginine group were less obvious than those in SAH group. CONCLUSION L-arginine, by antagonizing the decrease of nitric oxi de, exerts protective effect on secondary cerebral ischemia following SAH.

Objective To analyze the causes and manifestations of non-pulmonary embolism induced perfusion defects (PDs) on dual-energy perfusion imaging (DEPI) using dual source CT.Methods Consecutive 208 patients without pulmonary embolism who underwent DEPI were reviewed retrospectively.The causes of PDs were analyzed by two radiologists, the pulmonary segment numbers, the proportion and the perfusion patterns of each case were recorded and analyzed respectively.Results 1 118 of 3 716 pulmonary segments showed the PDs.Among them, 752(67.26%), 36(3.22%), 308(27.55%) and 22(1.97%) pulmonary segments had PDs due to intra-pulmonary lesions, vascular diseases, artifacts and unidentifiable causes, respectively.In PDs resulted from intra-pulmonary lesions, vascular diseases and unidentifiable causes, three patterns (wedge-shaped, heterogeneous and regionally homogeneous) were identified,and most of those PDs were heterogeneous and regionally homogeneous, which were largely in accordance with the lesions showed on non-contrast enhanced scans.Artifacts included the beam hardening artifacts and artifacts caused by heart beat or diaphragmatic movement.The PDs caused by artifacts usually had particular locations and shapes.Conclusion Understanding of the manifestations and causes of PDs in patients without pulmonary embolism can improve the diagnosis accuracy of pulmonary embolism on DEPI.

Aim To investigate the changes of behav-iors,neurotransmitters and depression related gene ex-pressions in hippocampus of C57BL/6 mice after olfac-tory bulbectomy (OB).Methods Forced swimming test (FST),tail suspension test (TST),open filed test (OFT),and elevated plus maze test (EPMT) were used to evaluate the behavioral changes 18 days after surgery. LC-MS/MS method was employed to measure the hippocampal neurotransmitters.Quantita-tive PCR approach was established to determine the hippocampal gene expressions associated with depres-sion.Results OB mice were hyperactive in OFT (P<0.05 ) accompanied with increased time spent in open arm of EPMT (P<0.01).Meanwhile,the sur-gery led to the reduction of the ratio of 5-HIAA/5-HT (P <0.01 ) but the increase of Glu/GABA (P <0.01 ) in hippocampus.Moreover,OB elevated the gene expressions of BDNF,Trkb,GDNF,CD1 1 b and TNF-αbut down-regulated that of TPH2 in hippocam-pus (P<0.05 ).Conclusion Behavioral alternation of OB mice was a result of comprehensive effect of the changes of neurotransmission and depression related genes,which call us special attention in using OB as an animal model for research and development of anti-depressants.

Objective To investigate the effects of endogenous estrogen on blood glucose level,serum insulin level,and plasma total antioxidant capacity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic female mice,and to explore possible protective effects of estrogen on pancreatic islet cells.Methods Female mice were randomly according to body weight divided into four groups:( 1 ) Sham( Sham operation and vehicle administration) ; ( 2 ) Ovx( ovariectomy and vebicle administration ) ; ( 3 ) Sham + STZ ( Sham operation and STZ administration ) ; and ( 4 ) Ovx + STZ ( ovariectomy and STZ administration).The diabetic mice were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ,50 mg/kg ).Blood glucose levels were measured once a week.Results The blood glucose level and malondialdehyde of Ovx group were higher than that in Sham group,while total anti-oxidant capacity ( T-AOC ) was lower than those in Sham group.the blood glucose level and MDA of Ovx+ STZ group were higher than those in Sham +STZ group,while T-AOC and serum insulin level were lower than those in Sham + STZ group.Conclusions Endogenous estrogen may have some protective effects on pancreatic islet function from streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in female mice.