ObjectiveTo study the characteristics and risk factors of traffic injuries among the adolescents (0-19 years old) in the urban and rural areas of Chongqing and discuss the preventive strategy. MethodsData of road traffic crashes and injuries involving 0-19 years old adolescents over a seven-year period (2000-2006) in three districts of Chongqing was picked up from Road _Traffic Crashes and Injuries Database. Epidemiological characteristics of the traffic crashes and injuries among 0-19 years old adolescents were analyzed and differences between rural and urban areas were studied. ResultsFrom 2000 to 2006, both incidence rate and mortality rate peaked in the urban fringe area were 95.43/100 000 and 3.44/100 000 respectively. Traffic accidents in the suburbs and counties had the highest injury extent, with mortality rate of 9.06％ and severe injury rate of 17.33％. Brain injuries were the primary cause of death. Among the victims, 62.7％ were the pedestrians, of which 20.72％ bore equal responsibility because of disobeying traffic signals, suddenly walking across roads and not walking along the sidewalk. Ninety percentage of the traffic accidents occurred in the sections with no traffic signals or traffic control system. ConclusionIt is important to enhance the traffic safety consciousness of teenagers and children, strengthen preventive measures in fringe areas and rural areas and improve the emergency medical system in rural areas to provide the teenagers and children with a safety traffic environment.

Caliciviridae Infections ; epidemiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Norovirus ; Schools

The fruit of Ziziphus jujuba was known as fine quality in the Shennong's Herbal. It is sweet in taste and mild in property with the effect of regulating the middle, invigorating the spleen, assisting twelve meridians, harmonizing stomach-qi, unclogging nine orifices, and moderating hundreds of herbs. In recent years, the efficacies of Ziziphus jujuba have been widely studied with considerable meaningful achievements. In this article, main research progresses in recent ten years were reviewed, which included resources, chemical components and pharmacological effects of Ziziphus jujuba. The research and development of medication, health care product and food with Ziziphus jujuba as its main ingredient were summarized for further references in related studies.

Objective To research the effect mechanism of ultrashortwave in the correlation of ultrashortwave and the tail replantation, provide the experiment basis of clinical practice of prevention and cure for the vascular crisis after micromodule anastomosis. Methods Eighty Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats of clean grade were 3-month-old,female,and were divided into four groups:control group (group 0),model group (group 1 ),contrast group (group 2),ultrashortwave (USW) group (group 3).The preparation of tail replantation model was cut off soft tissue except for caudal veins on both sides of the tail. The coccyx was not broken away from tail.At last,the audal artery under abdominal main centre ditch was anastomosed.In experiment process, the USW group was divided into high dosage group (group 3A) and low dosage group (group 3B). The caudal arterys were ligated and not anastomosed in the group 0. Caudal arterys in other groups were anastomosed.Rats in the group 0 and group 1 received no treatment,normal management after the operation. Rats in the group 2 were given abdominal cavity injection of papaverin liquid immediately,then once a day to 5 days after the tail replantation.Rats in the group 3 were immediately given USW therapy of twenty minutes on the anastomosis section,and then once a day for 5 days after the tail replantation.The USW dosage of group 3A was 3th grade and 50mA. The USW dosage of group 3B was 2th grade and 28mA.The survival rate of the rat tails was observed after the tail replantation for 10 day.Before being grouped,it was measured that the tail skin temperature diference between near and far side of anastomosis section.After the tail relpantation, the temperature diference was inspected daily for 10 postoperative days hence. Before rats were grouped and the eighth hour after the tail replantation, rats were collected blood plasma specimens and measured contents of nitric oxide with destination colorimetric mathods of nitric oxide.Results Carrying out comparison of survival rate of every group,the output weve:between tail cutting off group (group 0,0) and tail replantation group (group 1,2,3,43.94％) to compare P ＞ 0.05; between each group of the tail replantation groups (1,2,3A,3B group) to compare P＞ 0.05,group 3B ＜ 2 ＜ 1 ＜ 3A; between group 3B and group 1 to compare P ＞ 0.05; between group 2 and group 1 to compare P ＞ 0.05. Each group were compared with the change daily between postoperative and preceding operative the skin temperature diference,single-factor analysis of variance (One-Way ANOVA) analysis:Postoperative 1 day,group 3A ＜ 1,P ＜ 0.05.Postoperative 6 day:3A ＜ 3B ＜ 1 ＜ 2,P ＞ 0.05.Postoperative 7 day:group 3B ＜ 1 ＜ 3A ＜ 2,P ＜ 0.05.Each group were compared with the change of the content of nitric oxide between postoperative 8 hour and preceding operative,with rank-sum test:group 3B ＞ 3A ＞ 2 ＞ 1 ＞ 0,H =33.760,P ＜ 0.05,shows statistically significant.Conclusions USW therapy,especially USW low-dose therapy,can reduce vascular crisis and improve the survival rate of replanted rat tails,after the postoperative 1,6,7 days,reduce skin temperature,improve blood supply,improve nitric oxide at postoperative eighth hour,prevent vascular crisis.Rat tail replantation model in this experiment is feasible.

In order to find the linear region of adjustment process about human body balance under the passive movement, and provide the basis for the unified evaluation criteria of passive balance test, an equipment was built with pulsed excitation source and wave detector of gravity's center. The pulsed excitation source was a multi-dimensional motion platform with high accuracy. The wave detector was a force platform. Human body and force platform were treated as a whole object, and the dynamic model of the object was built using the method of system identification. The balance ability was evaluated by setting time. In the pulse excitement range from 2mm to 20 mm with 2mm increments, balance ability of 5 students was evaluated and analyzed respectively. Results showed that response curve of human balance regulation was a typical second order linear system characteristic, and in a large enough linear region, the evaluating result had good consistency.
Algorithms ; Equipment Design ; Female ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Male ; Movement ; Postural Balance ; physiology ; Young Adult

AIM: To explore the molecular mechanism of sequoiaflavone affecting gastric cancer cells. MEHTODS: Gastric cancer cell line AGS cells were treated with gradient concentrations of sequoiaflavone, and then induced by PI3K/AKT signaling pathway activator. The optimal inhibitory concentration and time of semi-inhibitory concentration of red cedar flavonoid on AGS cells were detected by CCK-8, and the changes of cell proliferation, migration and invasion ability were detected by colony formation assay, transwell assay and wound healing assay. PI3K/AKT signal pathway related proteins p-PI3K, PI3K, p-AKT and AKT were detected by western blot. RESULTS: Sequoiaflavone inhibited AGS cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The half inhibitory concentration was 0.5 mmol/L, the optimal treatment time was 48 h. The protein expression of p-PI3K and p-AKT was down regulated. The proliferation, migration and invasion of AGS cells were decreased after treated with sequoiaflavone. After treated with PI3K / AKT signal pathway activator, the protein expression level of pPI3K and p-AKT was partially reversed, and the ability of cell viability, proliferation, migration and invasion was also partially improved. CONCLUSION: Inactivation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway caused by sequoiaflavone inhibited gastric cancer cells proliferation, migration and invasion ability.

OBJECTIVE To explore the risk signal of ixazomib and provide a reference for clinically rational drug use. METHODS The Open Vigil 2.1 online tool was used to extract the data of adverse drug events （ADE） reported by the database of FDA adverse event reporting system （FAERS） from the launch of ixazomib in America （November 20th， 2015） to the latest update of the Open Vigil website （March 31st， 2023）. The data were mined by using the proportional reporting ratio （PRR） and Bayesian confidence propagation neural network （BCPNN） of the proportional imbalance method. The signals were coded by system organ class （SOC） and preferred term （PT） according to MedDRA v25.1. RESULTS A total of 13 841 ADE reports with ixazomib as the “primary subject” were extracted， involving slightly more male patients （49.53%）， and most of them were 65 years old and above （72.48%）； the reports came from 57 countries/regions， mainly America （52.90%）. A total of 186 positive signals were excavated， with 51 high-intensity， 99 medium-intensity， and 36 low-intensity signals， involving 19 SOCs. The top 50 PT in frequency and signal intensity of PRR included neuropathy peripheral （414 cases， high-intensity signal）， platelet count decreased （379 cases， high-intensity signal）， thrombocytopenia （360 cases， high-intensity signal）， cytopenia （75 cases， high-intensity signal） and neurological symptoms （41 cases， high-intensity signal）. SOC involved included nervous system disorders， investigations， and blood and lymphatic system disorders. ADE occurred most frequently in gastrointestinal diseases （2 588 cases）， including diarrhea （1 077 cases， high-intensity signal）， nausea （737 cases， medium-intensity signal）， vomiting （459 cases， medium-intensity signal）， constipation （275 cases， medium-intensity signal）， and so on. The positive signals of infections and infestations contained the largest number of PTs， and most of them were not recorded in the drug instruction， including 12 high-intensity signals （1 030 cases） and 30 medium-intensity signals （627 cases）， which were mainly distributed in lung infection， upper respiratory infection， gastrointestinal infection， sepsis， herpes zoster and so on. The signals of cardiac amyloidosis （7 cases， high-intensity signal） and acute coronary syndrome （14 cases， high-intensity signal） of cardiac disorders and renal dysfunction （91 cases， medium-intensity signal） of renal and urinary disorders were all strong and had not been recorded in the drug instruction. CONCLUSIONS In addition to routine attention to the common ADE of ixazomib in gastrointestinal diseases，nervous system disorders and blood and lymphatic system disorders， clinical attention should also be paid to various infections that may occur during the treatment of patients， and the occurrence of cardiovascular toxicity and renal dysfunction should be monitored.

OBJECTIVETo understand the one-year effect of HCV/HIV co-infected patients who had received AIDS second-line antiretroviral treatment after failure virologically, on the first-line therapy.

METHODSHCV and HIV antibody positive patients who had experienced virological failure but received at least one-year AIDS first-line treatment, were recruited from May to October 2012 in Xincai, Queshan and Weishi of Henan province. 6-months and 12-months follow-up programs were carried out after the regimen had been changed to AIDS second-line antiretroviral treatment, CD4⁺ T lymphocyte count, HIV-1 virus load and HIV-1 drug resistance were performed.

RESULTSEighty-one cases of eligible patients were selected and followed by an amelioration of CD4 median at 6-month and 12-month follow-up period. Data showed that the baseline, 6-months and 12-months CD4 medians were 266 cells/µl, 275 cells/µl and 299 cells/µl (χ² = 8.214, P = 0.009). The ratio of HIV virus load suppression patients at 6-months and 12-months follow-up increased to 46.84% and 50.00%, respectively. Frequencies of HIV drug resistance also decreased at the baseline, 6-months and 12-months, with ratios as 66.67%, 26.58% and 27.63% (χ² = 29.362, P = 0.000), respectively. Ratios of patients that holding NRTI and NNRTI drug resistance appeared coinstantaneous decrease at the baseline, 6-months and 12-months, as 51.85%, 18.99% and 17.11% (χ² = 14.230, P = 0.005). At the baseline, the ratios of patients resisted to 3TC, ABC and FTC were all more than 50%, with AZT, D4T and DDI between 41%-44% while TDF appeared as 33.33%, then all of them declined to 12%-18% at the 6-month and 12-month follow-up periods. 65.43% of the patients resisted to both NVP and EFV but declined to 24%-27% at 6 months and 12 months.

CONCLUSIONHCV/HIV co-infected patients experienced virological failure of AIDS first-line therapy were ameliorated after changing to use second-line antiretroviral treatment for 6-months, but did not show constant positive effect at the 12-month end point.

Anti-HIV Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; China ; Coinfection ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; Follow-Up Studies ; HIV Infections ; complications ; drug therapy ; HIV-1 ; drug effects ; Hepatitis C ; complications ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Viral Load

OBJECTIVETo understand the threshold of Breteau Index (BI) on Dengue fever outbreak in Guangzhou.

METHODSDengue cases from Guangzhou during 2006 to 2012 in the National Infectious Disease Report and Management System were collected and described. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to judge the threshold of BI on the outbreaks of Dengue fever.

RESULTSA total of 1 038 local cases were reported from 2006 to 2012 in Guangzhou city, with a total of 71 outbreaks and 259 sporadic episodes. Data from the ROC curve analysis showed that the highest Youden index that BI predicting Dengue fever outbreaks or sporadic were 6.4 and 9.5, respectively. When using BI = 6.4 in predicting the sporadic case of Dengue, sensitivity and specificity were 67.8% , 79.1% , respectively. When using BI = 9.5 in predicting the outbreaks of Dengue, sensitivity and specificity were 81.7%, 90.9%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONBoth BI = 5.0 and BI = 9.5 showed effects on predicting the nature of sporadic or outbreak on Dengue, suggesting that the threshold need to be monitored, according to the purpose of control and availability of manpower, in order to get better sensitivity and specificity.

China ; epidemiology ; Dengue ; epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity

OBJECTIVETo analyze the results of nine-round environmental specimen surveillance programs in five live poultry markets pre-, during and post the 'closing days' and to evaluate the effects of 'closing days' on live poultry markets regarding the control against avian influenza pollution.

METHODSIn January 2014, control measures including culling poultry, completely cleaning and disinfecting and a 'three-day-closing' measure were conducted in five live poultry markets which were found positive for H7N9 nucleic acid in the 1(st) round environmental specimen surveillance program. Second surveillance program was conducted after a thorough disinfection campaign was launched. Several times surveillance were conducted in one week, after the markets were reopened. RT-PCR was used to test the nucleic acid of HA, H5, H7 and H9 viruses.

RESULTS654 specimens from the environment were collected and tested. During the first round surveillance program, positive rates for influenza A and H5/H7/H9 nucleic acid of poultry stalls appeared to be 94.44% and 61.11% respectively. The positive rates of poultry stalls reduced to 0 after the disinfection campaign but increased again after the markets reopened. The positive rate for influenza A of poultry stalls slightly increased from 50.00% in the third surveillance to 72.22% in the ninth surveillance (P > 0.05). The positive rate for H5/H7/H9 of poultry stalls showed a significantly increasing trend, from 0 in the third surveillance to 44.44% in the ninth surveillance (P < 0.01). The positive rates for influenza A and H5/H7/H9 nucleic acid of specimens were 28.89% and 17.78% respectively. The positive rate of specimens reduced to 0 after disinfection while increased again after reopening of the markets. The positive rate for influenza A of specimens slightly increased from 19.67% in the third surveillance to 27.54% in the ninth surveillance programs (P > 0.05). The positive rate for H5/H7/H9 of specimen showed a significant increasing trend, from 0 in the third surveillance to 8.70% in the ninth-round surveillance programs (P < 0.01). The positive rate for influenza A was the highest for slaughter- related specimens of 22.4% (35/156). The positive rates for influenza A from sewage and drinking water being collected on the later stage after the markets reopened (25.9%, 12.4%)were higher than those on the early stage (8.3%, 8.6%) (P > 0.05). The positive rate for influenza A of poultry stalls with overnight poultry storage (91.7%) was significant higher than that of poultry stalls without the overnight storage (33.3%). The positive rate for influenza A of poultry stalls in which simultaneously selling different kinds of poultry (85.7%) was significant higher than that of poultry stalls in which selling only one kind of poultry at one time (25.0%) (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSlaughter in live poultry markets posed a large risk of pollution diffusion. Sewage and drinking water showed an accumulation effect for avian influenza virus. Overnight poultry storage and selling different kinds of poultry at one time at the poultry stalls seemed the risk factors for avian influenza virus transmission. Complete cleaning, disinfecting and several 'closing days' for live poultry markets seemed effective in eliminating avian influenza virus. Once the markets were reopened, they seemed to be soon polluted again.

Animals ; China ; Commerce ; Disinfection ; Environmental Microbiology ; Environmental Monitoring ; Influenza A virus ; isolation & purification ; Influenza in Birds ; prevention & control ; Poultry ; virology