α-Amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptor, a subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptors widely distributed in the central nervous system, mediates the fast excitatory neurotransmission. Meanwhile more and more evidence indicates that AMPA receptor plays an important role in synaptic plasticity as well as central sensitization, and it also has close relationships with nervous system diseases. Over stimulation of AMPA receptor would produce excitotoxicity, leading to neuronal damage and finally resulting in a multitude of nervous system diseases, such as epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral scelerosis,Parkinson′s dis-ease. Competitive AMPA receptor antagonists that downregulate AMPA receptor′s function are of great importance in the prevention and treatment of nervous system diseases. This article reviews the research advances of competitive AMPA receptor antagonists.

Objective To investigate the effect of salinity and temperature on motility of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Methods V.parahaemolyticus was inoculated on swarming or swimming agar plates containing different amounts of salinity (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, and 4.0% NaCl, respectively), followed by incubation at 26 or 37℃, before the diameters of bacterial lawns were measured .Results and Conclusion The swarming motility was not affected by salinity , while the swimming motility was positively correlated with salinity .Maximum swimming occurred in 2.0% NaCl, and displayed a slight decline in salinity of 4.0%.Both swimming and swarming were affected by temperature , and the motility was signifi-cantly enhanced in 37℃vs 26℃.These results indicate that both salinity and temperature can modulate the motility of V. parahaemolyticus.

Objective To investigate the regulation of swimming motility by H-NS in Vibrio parahaemolyticus(VP). Methods VP was inoculated into the semi-solid swimming agar plate containing 1% Oxoid tryptone, 2% NaCl, 0.5%Difco Noble Agar, and 0.1% arabinose followed by incubation at 37℃ for 4.5 h before the diameters of bacterial lawns were measured.Total RNAs were extracted from the wild-type (WT) strains and the hns null mutant (Δhns), and the quantitative real-time( RT)-PCR( qRT-PCR) was carried out to calculate the transcriptional variation of flaA between WT andΔhns strains.The entire promoter DNA region of flaA was amplified and cloned into the lacZ fusion vector pHRP309 containing a promoterless lacZ gene. The recombinant lacZ reporter plasmid was transformed into WT and Δhns, respectively, to measure the β-galactosidase activities in cellular extracts using the β-galactosidase enzyme assay system. Results and Conclusion The phenotype results showed that swimming motility of VP was enhanced by H-NS.The qRT-PCR and LacZ fusion results indicated that the transcription of flaA was positively regulated by H-NS.Collectively, H-NS promotes the swimming motility of VP, at least partly, by activating the transcription of flaA.

Objective To study the pathogen spectra in patients with enterocutaneous fistula complicated with abdominal infection and their resistance to antibiotics. Methods The abdominal pus was collected from 226 patients with enterocutaneous fistula complicated with abdominal infection for bacterial culture and antibiotic susceptibility test. Results A total of 520 bacterial strains were harvested, including 333 strains of gram-negative bacteria, I 80 strains of gram-positive bacteria and 7 strains of fungi. The top 10 bacteria cultured were Escherichia coli (131 strains), Staphylococcus aureus (62 strains), Enterococcus (59 strains), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (50 strains), Klebsiella pneumoniae (23 strains), Acinetobacter baumannii (18 strains), Enterobacter cloacae (17 strains), Proteus mirabilis (15 strains), Morganella morganii (15 strains) and Enterococcus faecalis (12 strains). The extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 102 and 17 strains, respectively. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were 60 strains. Conclusions Gram-negative bacteria were the main pathogens in patients with enterocutaneous fistula complicated with abdominal infection. The positive rate of the extended spectrum beta-lactamase is high. Most of the Staphylococcus aureus were resistant to Methicillin.

The present paper is aimed to study the preparation and application of individual artificial bone of carbon/carbon composites. Using computer tomography images (CT), we acquired a three-dimensional image. Firstly, we described bone contour line outlined with manual and automatic method by the binary volume data. Secondly, we created 3D object surface information by marching cubes. Finally, we converted this information to non-uniform rational B-spine (NURBS) by using geomagic software. Individual artificial bone with carbon/carbon composite was prepared through the CNC Machining Center. We replaced the humeral head of the tested rabbit, and then observed the effects of implantation in neuroimaging and pathological section. Using this method, we found that the bone shape processed and bone shape replaced was consistent. After implantation, the implant and the surrounding bone tissue bound closely, and bone tissue grew well on the surface of the implant. It has laid a sound foundation of the preparation using this method for individual artificial bone of carbon/carbon composite material.
Animals ; Bone Substitutes ; chemistry ; Carbon ; chemistry ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Rabbits ; Software ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To investigate the effects of esketamine on hypoxic-ischemic myocardial injury in neonatal rats based on glycogen synthase kinase-3β/NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain-containing protein 3 (GSK-3β/NLRP3) pathway. Methods Thirty neonatal rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group and esketamine group, with 10 rats in each group. The rats in the sham operation group underwent a median incision in the neck to expose the bilateral common carotid arteries; the rats in the model group and the esketamine group underwent ligation of the common carotid arteries combined with a hypoxic environment to establish a model ofischemia and hypoxia; the rats in the esketamine group were given esketamine intervention (50 mg/kg). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), serum creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β levels, myocardial injury, myocardial cell apoptosis and apoptosis protein caspase 1/3/9 levels, neutrophil infiltration in myocardial tissue, and changes in GSK-3β and NLRP3 protein levels in myocardial tissue were detected in each group. Results Compared with the sham operation group, the LVEF and LVFS were significantly decreased and the LVEDD and LVESD were significantly increased in the model group, while the LVEF and LVFS were significantly higher and the LVEDD and LVESD were significantly lower in the esketamine group than in the model group (P < 0.05). The serum levels of CK-MB, cTnI, LDH, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, myocardial injury and apoptosis, caspase 1/3/9 protein levels in myocardial tissue sections, neutrophil counts, and GSK-3β and NLRP3 protein levels were significantly increased in the model group, and these indicators were significantly lower in the esketamine group than in the model group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Esketamine improves hypoxic-ischemic myocardial injury in neonatal rats by inhibiting inflammation, and its mechanism of action is related to the GSK-3β/NLRP3 pathway.

Objective An optimal radiation dose was made research on tumor cells to develop effective tumor fusion vaccines. Methods We used the RS 2000 biological X-ray radiation instrument to produce different dose of X-rays.Mouse liver cancer cells line,BNL 1ME a.7R.1(MEAR),was used for experiment.The RS 2000 biological X-ray radiation was applied to create different tumor cell clones,which could help us to study the rela-tionship between irradiation dose and tumor cells′proliferation activity.Furthermore,the fusion cells′anti-tumor ef-fect was examined by flow cytometry. Results High-dose radiation would induce the lower proliferation of cancer cells than low-dose irradiation do.Conclusions During the preparation of fusion vaccines,irradiation dose should be considered as a factor that would influence the tumor cells′ proliferation activity. When the dose of irradiation was appropriate,we could make safe and efficient integration cell vaccines.

Objective:To investigate the application value of laparoscopic pancreatic tumor enucleation (LapEN).Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinical data of 47 patients who underwent LapEN in Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from September 2016 to June 2022 were collected. There were 18 males and 29 females, aged (49±12)years. Observa-tion indicators: (1) surgical situations; (2) postoperative complications; (3) postoperative recovery; (4) follow-up. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M( Q1, Q3) or M(range). Count data were described as absolute numbers. Results:(1) Surgical situations. All 47 patients underwent LapEN successfully, with the operation time as (135±19)minutes and the volume of intraoperative blood loss as 100(50,100)mL. (2) Postoperative complications. Of the 47 patients, there were 12 patients with postoperative pancreatic fistula, 3 patients with postoperative abdominal infection, 1 case with postoperative hemorrhage, 1 case with postoperative gastric emptying disorder. (3) Postoperative recovery. Of the 47 patients, there were 13 cases with pancreatic solid pseudopapillary neoplasm, 12 cases with insulinoma, 11 cases with pancreatic serous cystadenoma, 7 cases with pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (branched type), 4 cases with pancreatic mucinous cyst-adenoma. The tumor diameter of 47 patients was 1.9(1.6,2.3)cm and all patients with R 0 resection. There was no patient with perioperative death in the 47 patients. The postoperative duration of hospital stay and total hospital expenses of 47 patients was (13±4)days and (6.8±1.2) ten thousand yuan, respectively. (4) Follow-up. All 47 patients were followed up for 14(range, 8?18)months. None of the 47 patients had new onset diabetes or situations required postoperative exocrine replacement therapy, and no patient died. Conclusion:LapEN is safe and feasible for patients with pancreatic benign tumor or low potential malignancy.

Objective:To study the feasibility of a modified pancreatogastric anastomosis in laparoscopic duodenum preserving pancreatic head resection (LDPPHR).Methods:The clinical data of 25 patients with benign or low-grade malignant tumors of pancreatic head undergoing LDPPHR at the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2019 to May 2023 were retrospectively analyzed, including 7 males and 18 females, aged (44.9±6.2) years old. According to the methods of pancreatic digestive reconstruction, patients were divided into the observation group ( n=10), who underwent the modified pancreatogastric anastomosis, and the control group ( n=15) who underwent conventional pancreaticojejunal anastomosis and jejuno-jejunal anastomosis. The general data, intraoperative pancreatic digestive reconstruction time, maximum levels of amylase in abdominal drainage within three days postoperatively, postoperative complications, and hospital stay were compared between the groups. Results:All procedures were performed successfully. The intraoperative pancreatic digestive reconstruction time was shorter in the observation group [(27.8±2.4) min vs. (45.8±3.6) min, P=0.010]. The intraoperative blood loss were comparable between the groups [(140.5±14.8) ml vs. (145.2±9.7) ml, P=0.843]. The maximum level of amylase in abdominal drainage within three days postoperatively was lower in the observation group [(809.1±185.5) U/L vs. (1 385.4±481.1) U/L, P=0.031]. No grade C pancreatic fistula or postoperative hemorrhage occurred in either group, and the incidence of grade B pancreatic fistula was lower in the observation group [20.0% (2/10) vs. 60.0% (9/15), P=0.048], with a shorter postoperative hospital stay [(7.9±1.3) d vs. (10.3±2.7) d, P=0.017]. No decrease of life quality or reoperation due to pancreatic fistula, hemorrhage or digestive tract malfunction occurred in either group within a median follow-up of 15.6 months. Conclusion:In LDPPHR, the modified pancreatogastric anastomosis could help shorten the pancreatic digestive reconstruction and lower the risk of postoperative pancreatic fistula.