To investigate the protective effect of hyperin (Hyp) on focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.

Objective To analyze the dose‐effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine for sedation and sleep of the patients under epidural nerve block anesthesia .Methods A total of 82 patients undergoing elective lower limbs surgery(ASA grade Ⅰ - Ⅱ) were randomly divided into 4 different doses of dexmedetomidine groups(group 1 ,n=19 ;group 2 ,n=22 ;group 3 ,n=20;group 4 , n=21) ,under continuous epidural nerve block ,the loading dose of dexmedetomidine 0 .7 ,0 .8 ,0 .9 ,1 .0μg · kg -1 · h-1 was intrave‐nously pumped for 30 min ,then pumped at a rate of 0 .7 ,0 .8 ,0 .9 ,1 .0 μg · kg -1 · h-1 in the group 1 ,2 ,3 and 4 respectively .If any patient in 4 groups fell asleep at less than half an hour ,the loading dose was stopped and the continuous dose was changed to pump , the drug administration was discontinued at wound dressing after operation .Whether the patient falling asleep was recorded ,and the mean arterial blood pressure ,heart rate at 4 time points of 10 ,30 ,60 ,90 min after infusion of dexmedetomidine were also recorded . The 50% effective dose(ED50 ) ,ED95 and 95% confidence interval(CI) were calculated by using the Probit method .Results ED50 and ED95 of dexmedetomidine were 0 .65μg/kg(95% CI:0 .36-0 .73μg/kg)and 1 .00 μg /kg(95% CI:0 .90-1 .74μg/kg) ,which could decrease the heart rate and increase the arterial blood pressure .Conclusion Although dexmedetomidine can decrease the heart rate and increase the arterial blood pressure ,but the patients quietly fall asleep without discomfort and pain occurrence by the intra‐venous administration under continuous epidural nerve block .

Objective To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on inflammatory response during the perioperative period in patients with acute craniocerebral trauma.Methods Seventy ASA Ⅰ-Ⅳ patients of both sexes,aged 20-68 yr,with craniocerebral trauma,who required decompressive craniectomy within the next 24 h,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =35 each) ∶ control group (group C) and dexmedetomidine group (group D).Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl,propofol and cisatracurium and maintained with remifentanil,sevoflurane and propofol and intermittent iv boluses of cisatracurium.In group D,dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg was infused over 10 min,followed by infusion at 0.4 μg· kg-1 · h-1 for 2 h.Venous blood samples were taken before induction of anesthesia (baseline),2 h after the beginning of operation,at the end of operation and at 24 h after operation (T1-T4) to determine the concentrations of serum neurone specific enolase (NSE),interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α).Results Compared with group C,the concentrations of serum NSE,IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly decreased in group D (P ＜ 0.05).The concentrations of serum NSE,IL-6 and TNF-αwere significantly higher at T2 and T3,and the concentration of serum TNF-α was significantly lower at T4 than at T1 in group C (P ＜ 0.05).The concentrations of serum NSE and IL-6 were significantly higher at T2 and T3 and lower at T4 and the concentration of serum TNF-α was significantly higher at T3 and T4 than at T1 in group D (P ＜0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine protects the brain against acute craniocerebral trauma by inhibiting systemic inflammatory response during the perioperative period.

Objective To investigate the effect of oncolytic adenovirus vector SG600-IL24expressing human melanoma differentiation associated gene-7 (mda-7/IL-24) on hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines with different metastatic potential of HepG2, SMMC7721, MHCC97L and normal liver cell line LO2. Methods The oncolytic adenovirus SG600-IL24 which carrying mda-7/IL-24 gene was transfected into hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and normal liver cell line. The mRNA and protein expression of mda7/IL-24 in HepG2, SMMC7721, MHCC97L and LO2 cell lines was confirmed by RT-PCR,ELISA assay and Western blot respectively. MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to study tumor cell proliferation and cell cycle in vitro. Hoechst33258 and flow cytometry were studied to indicate the apoptosis effects. Results It was confirmed by RT-PCR, ELISA assay and Western-blot that the exogenous mda-7/IL-24 gene was highly expressed in HepG2, SMMC7721, MHCC97L and LO2 cell lines. MTT and apoptosis detection indicated that MDA-7/IL-24 can induce the growth suppression (the inhibition rate was 75% ±2. 5% ,86% ±3. 5% ,and promotes apoptosis ( the apoptosis rate was 56. 5% ± 4. 0% , 34. 4% ± 2. 0% , 43. 3% ± 2. 5%cell lines at G2/M phase ( the blocking rate was 35. 4% ± 4. 2% , 40. 5% ± 5. 0% , 42. 0% ± 5. 0%metastatic potential hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines but not in normal liver cell line.Conclusions Oncolytic adenovirus vector SG600-IL24 can selectively induce growth suppression, promote apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma lines in vitro but not in normal liver cell LO2.

ObjectiveTo report the first laboratory-confirmed human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) case in Shandong Province.MethodsThe epidemiological investigation was done by filling out questionaires.Blood sample was collected for detecting the specific 16S rRNA gene of Anaplasma phagocytophilumandEhrlichiachaffeensisbynested-polymerasechainreaction(PCR).ResultsThis case was characterized by acute onset of fever,leukopenia and thrombocytopenia.The specific 16S rRNA gene of Anaplasma phagocytophilum was negative and the specific 16S rRNA gene of Ehrlichia chaffeensis was positive by nested PCR test.The PCR product was sequenced.The homology was above 99 ％ between the acquired nucleotide acid sequence and the Ehrlichia chaffeensis sequences registered in GenBank.ConclusionThe Ehrlichia chaffeensis infection exists in Shandong Province,which warrants further research on these natural loci of HME in this area.

In the last few years, high-throughput (or 'next-generation') sequencing technologies have delivered a step change in our ability to sequence genomes, whether human or bacterial. Further comparative genome analysis enables us to reveal detailed knowledge of genetics or physiology of industrial important strains obtained in laboratory, to analyze genotype-phenotype correlations of mutants with improved performance. Based on identified key mutations or mutation combinations, Inverse Metabolic Engineering (IME) can be performed by using accurate genetic modification system. Recently, IME has been successfully used for strain improvement and has become a research hotspot, including improving substrate utilization, engineering the robustness of industrial microbes and enhancing production of bio-based products. Here, we describe recent advances in research methods of IME, with an emphasis on characterization of genotype-phenotype and the latest advances and application of IME. Possible directions and challenges for further development of IME are also discussed.
Industrial Microbiology ; trends ; Metabolic Engineering ; trends ; Mutation

There has been an ongoing search for clinically acceptable methods for the accurate, efficient and simple diagnosis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Optical spectroscopy is a technique with potential clinical applications to diagnose cancer diseases. The purpose of this study was to obtain the optical properties of HCC tissues and non-tumorous hepatic tissues and identify the difference between them. A total of 55 tissue samples (HCC tissue, n=38; non-tumorous hepatic tissue, n=17) were surgically resected from patients with HCC. The optical parameters were measured in 10-nm steps using single-integrating-sphere system in the wavelength range of 400 to 1800 nm. It was found that the optical properties and their differences varied with the wavelength for the HCC tissue and the non-tumorous hepatic tissue in the entire wavelength range of research. The absorption coefficient of the HCC tissue (1.48±0.99, 1.46±0.88, 0.86±0.61, 2.15±0.53, 0.54±0.10, 0.79±0.15 mm(-1)) was significantly lower than that of the non-tumorous hepatic tissue (2.79±1.73, 3.13±1.47, 3.06±2.79, 2.57±0.55, 0.62±0.10, 0.93±0.16 mm(-1)) at wavelengths of 400, 410, 450, 1450, 1660 and 1800 nm, respectively (P<0.05). The reduced scattering coefficient of HCC tissue (5.28±1.70, 4.91±1.54, 1.26±0.35 mm(-1)) and non-tumorous hepatic tissue (8.14±3.70, 9.27±3.08, 2.55±0.57 mm(-1)) was significantly different at 460, 500 and 1800 nm respectively (P<0.05). These results show different pathologic liver tissues have different optical properties. It provides a better understanding of the relationship between optical parameters and physiological characteristics in human liver tissues. And it would be very useful for developing a non-invasive, real-time, simple and efficient way for medical management of HCC in the future.

Objective To evaluate pulmonary protection of dexmedetomidine under general anesthesia in the patients with sepsis.Methods Fifty patients with sepsis,aged 50-64 yr,weighing 50-75 kg,of ASA physical status Ⅲ or Ⅳ,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =25 each) using a random number table:control group (group C) and dexmedetomidine group (group D).Anesthesia was induced with midazolam,fentanyl,propofol and cisatracurium,and maintained with infusion of remifentanil and propofol and intermittent iv boluses of cisatracurium.The patients were endotracheally intubated and mechanically ventilated.In group D,dexmedetomidine 1.0 μg/kg was infused over 10 min,followed by infusion at 0.4 μg · kg-1 · h-1 for 2 h before induction of anesthesia.While the equal volume of normal saline was given in group C.BIS value was maintained at 40-60.Immediately before skin incision,at 2 h after beginning of skin incision,and at 24 h after operation,arterial and venous blood samples were taken for blood gas analysis and for determination of the concentrations of serum procalitonin,interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha.Oxygenation index was calculated.Results Compared with group C,oxygenation index was significantly increased,the concentrations of serum procalitonin,tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 were decreased,and the rate of improvement of pulmonary function was increased in group D.Conclusion Dexmedetomidine (infusion at 0.4 pg · kg-1 · h 1 for 2 h after infusion of 1.0 μg/kg) before induction of anesthesia provides pulmonary protection under general anesthesia in the patients with sepsis.

Objective To study the dynamic changes of plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) and cortisol (COR) and their clinical value in prognosis of patients with sepsis. Methods Daily CRP and COR detection was conducted to record the dynamic changes of CRP and COR for cases of sepsis patients in ICU then the rela-tionship between dynamic changes of serum CRP and COR and prognosis were analyzed. Results Serum CRP and COR levels of dead patients were significantly higher than those of survival patients after treatment (P <0.05). According to the difference of the dynamic changes of CRP and COR, the data were divided into typeⅠ:sustained elevated type , typeⅡ: up-and-down type , type Ⅲ: fluctuated type and type Ⅳ: normal or mild ele-vation type. The mortality of CRP typeⅠ patients was significantly higher than that of type Ⅱ and type Ⅳ(P <0.001). The mortality of COR typeⅠ and COR Ⅲ patients was significantly higher than that in COR Ⅱand COR Ⅳ (P < 0.001). Further analysis showed that the mortality of group with significant elevation of CRP and COR were obviously higher than that of group with significant increase of CRP or COR and that of group with no significant elevation of CRP and COR (P < 0.001); the mortality of group with significant increase of CRP or COR was also significantly higher than that of group with no significant elevation of CRP and COR (P < 0.001). Conclusions The dynamic changes of COR and CRP in patients with sepsis present certain regularity and monitor-ing the dynamic changes of the two provides accurate assessment of the prognosis of sepsis.