Objective To establish a GC-MS method for the analysis of the chemical components of essential oil from Fructus Ponciri Trifoliatae Immaturi.Methods The essential oil was extracted by steam distilyation ,then separated by capillary gas chromatography. The components from essential oil were identified by comparing with related standard chromatogram and their amount were determined by normalization method.Results Twenty-one components have been identified from Folium Fructus Ponciri Trifoliatae Immaturi and their amount accounted 99.04 %of total essential oil. The main components are limonene (55.68 %),?-myrcene(21.96 %),?-Pinene(5.17 %),cis-caryophyllene(4.61 %)and ?-Ocimene (1.71 %).Conclusion This method is reliable and effective and can be applied to analyze the essential oil components extracted from Fructus Ponciri Trifoliatae Immaturi.

Head ; surgery ; Humans ; Neck ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures

OBJECTIVETo explore clinical characteristics and treatment of posterior Pilon fracture.

METHODSFrom January 2011 to January 2013,18 patients with posterior Pilon fracures were treated. Among them, 13 were male and 5 were female, aged from 22 to 63 years old, with an average age of 46. All the patients were closed fractures. Open reduction and internal fixation were performed after swelling subsided, lateral malleolous and posterior Pilon fracture were exposured through lateral approach on healthy side, plates were used to fixed,screws or small plates were used to fix the posterior prominence of medial malleolus after changed to supine position. AOFAS scoring were applied to evaulate clinical effects.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up with an average of 22(ranged, 12 to 48)months. All patients obtained satisfactory reset except one patient. All factures were recovered well with an average healing of 11 weeks. According to AOFAS score at the final following up, 7 cases were excellent,2 cases were moderate, and the total score was 86.8±9.2.

CONCLUSIONPosterior Pilon fracture is not rare in clinical, its mechanism of injury, traumatic anatomy, surgical procedure and prognosis are different from that of classical ankle fracture and Pilon fracture.

Adult ; Ankle Injuries ; surgery ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Purpose To compare the image quality of contrast-enhanced hepatic CT using iterative reconstruction technique (IMR) at different radiation doses, and to explore the value of IMR in contrast-enhanced hepatic CT under different radiation doses. Materials and Methods Fifty-four cases undergoing contrast-enhanced hepatic CT were divided into two groups using different portal-venous phase protocols:29 cases in group A (120 kV, 250 mAs), 25 cases in group B (80 kV, 500 mAs). Portal venous phase CT images were reconstructed using IMR and filtered back projection to obtain 4 data sets:group A1 (120 kV, FBP), group A2 (120 kV, IMR), group B1 (80 kV, FBP) and group B2 (80 kV, IMR). Images were evaluated for noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) as well as low contrast detectability (LCD), image distortion (ID) and diagnostic confidence (DC). Effective radiation dose was recorded. Results The effective radiation dose in group B was 42.7%, lower than that in group A (t=15.27, P<0.001). Image noise in group A2 and B2 was significantly lower than that in group A1 and B1, with higher SNR and CNR (Fnoise=81.98, FSNR=65.19, FCNR=37.42, P<0.001). There was significant statistical difference in LCD among four groups, A2>B2>A1>B1 (χ2=58.21, P<0.001), and in image distortion, A1>B1>A2>B2 (χ2=12.94, P<0.001). There was significant difference between B2 and A1, and between B2 and B1 (P<0.05). For diagnostic confidence, the score was A2>A1>B2>B1 (χ2=34.06, P<0.001). There was no statistical significance between group A1 and group B2 (P>0.05). Conclusion Compared with FBP, IMR technique can reduce image noise and improve image quality at low and high radiation doses, with better effect on low dose (80 kV, 500 mAs) hepatic CT.

Coprinus comatus cultivated on cotton seed hull medium decomposed lignocellulose straggly and was high of absolute biological efficiency. Lignocellulose is the main carbon source for the fruiting stage of the fungus. There existed the positive correlation between the degradation rates of the cellulose and hemicellulose in the medium and the activities of extracellular CMCase (carboxymenthelcel lulase), FPase (filter paper cellulase) and HCase (hemicellu-lase), there also existed the positive correlation between the degradation rate of the lignin in the medium and the activity of extracellular laccase, but no correlation between the degradatio rate of the lignin in the medium and the activity of peroxidase. The activity of extracellular amylase was comparatively high at mycelial growth stage, and the protease activity peek was at teh time when the fruitbody matured.

Objective To evaluate the effects of different reconstruction settings of knowledge-based iterative reconstruction technique (IMR) on noise reduction and image quality in hepatic contrast-enhanced CT(CECT) at different radiation dose levels.Methods Patients who underwent hepatic CECT because of their diseases were enrolled in this prospective study.According to random number table,patients were randomly assigned to two groups (standard dose group,SD-group,n=29; low dose group,LD-group,n=25).All patients underwent both non-enhanced CT and triphasic CECT scan including hepatic arterial phase (HAP),portal-venous phase (PVP) and delayed phase.PVP images of SD-group were acquired with tube voltage of 120 kVp and tube current-time products of 250 mAs,and 80 kVp and 500 mAs for LD-group.PVP images were reconstructed with both filtered back projection (FBP) and IMR techniques.Settings applied in IMR reconstructions consisted of body routine (BR) and body soft tissue (BST) with three levels (L1 to L3),and image series included:L1BR,L2BR,L3BR,L1BST,L2BST and L3BST.Subjective assessment of image quality including low contrast detectability (LCD),image distortion (ID) and diagnostic confidence (DC) as well as objective image quality including image noise,signal to noise ratio (SNR) and contrast to noise ratio (CNR) were compared between groups.Effective radiation dose was recorded.Objective image quality and subjective image quality were compared by using Friedman H test and ANOVA,respectively.In addition,Student t test was used to compare effective radiation doses between groups.Results In SD-group,IMR settings of L2BST,L3BST scored highest in LCD with median score of 4;L3BST and L2BST scored lowest in ID with median score of 3,while FBP and L1BR scored highest with median score of 4; L1BR,L2BR and L1BST scored highest in DC with median score of 4,while L3BST scored lowest with median score of 3.In LD-group,the distribution of all reconstruction settings scores in LCD and ID were similar to those in SD-group; however,L1BST scored highest with median score of 4,and FBP scored lowest with median score of 2 in DC.There were statistical differences in LCD,ID and DC among all the reconstruction settings for both groups (P＜0.05).In terms of FBP technique,the image noise,SNR and CNR were (9.8±2.0)HU,13.3±3.3 and 6.0±1.9 in SD-group,and (16.2±4.1)HU,12.9±3.3 and 6.6± 2.3 in LD-group,respectively.In SD-group,image noise exhibited a trend of decrease from L1BR to L3BST [from (4.5±0.9) HU to (3.2±0.2)HU],while SNR,CNR trended to increase (SNR:from 21.4±1.4 to 24.6±4.6; CNR:from 9.4±2.2 to 10.9±2.9,respectively).The image noise,SNR and CNR in LD-group showed the same trends as SD-group [image noise:from (5.8±0.2)HU to (3.9±0.6)HU; SNR:from 26.3±4.5 to 33.1±6.9; CNR:from 13.6±4.0 to17.4±5.1,respectively].In both groups,there were statistically differences in image noise,SNR and CNR among all IMR settings and FBP (F values were 15.50 to 131.39,P＜0.01).The effective radiation dose of the LD-group was significantly lower than that of the SD-group [(4.19±0.22) versus (7.32±0.58) mSy,t=15.27,P＜0.01).Conclusions IMR can reduce image noise and improve image quality in hepatic CECT at both standard and low dose levels.L1BR,L2BR and L1BST are the most optimized reconstruction settings for the standard dose protocol,while L1BST performs best for the low dose protocol.

Objective To observe the effect of MG-132 on NF-κB signal path of cartilage and synovium in a rat model of knee osteoarthritis.Methods The rat models of knee osteoarthritis were established by performing anterior cruciate ligament amputation and partial medial meniscectomy.Totally 144 adult SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:MG-132 group,100 ml 0.007 g/L MG-132 solution was injected in to the knee joints of rat model 24 h after surgery; DMSO group,100 ml 0.1％ DMSO solution was injected 24 h after surgery; sham surgery group,merely the knee capsulotomy was performed and no solution was injected;control group,100 ml 0.007 g/L MG-132 solution was injected into the knee joints.The cartilage and synovium specimens were obtained at 2,4,12 weeks postoperatively.Pathomorphological observation was taken.The levels of NF-κB p65,I-κB,TNF-α and IL-1β at mRNA were detected by real-time PCR,and the activityof 20S proteasome was measured by fluorospectrophotometry.Resnlts The Mankin score of MG-132 groupwas lower than that of DMSO group.The Mankin scores of sham surgery and control groups were lower thanthose of MG-132 and DMSO groups with significant difference.The mRNA levels of NF-κB p65,IL-1 β,TNF-α of cartilage and synovium in MG-132 group were lower than those of DMSO group with significant differenceexcept for NF-κB p65 of synovium at 2 weeks and IL-1β of cartilage at 12 weeks.The mRNA levels of I-κB of cartilage at 2 weeks and I-κB of synovium at 4 weeks in MG-132 group were higher than those in DMSO group with statistical significance.Conclusion MG-132,the proteasome inhibitor,could postpone the progress of osteoarthritis through alleviating synovial inflammation and defending the articular cartilage.

ObjectiveTo investigate the possible pathogenesis of EB virus (EBV) latent membrane protein 1 in inducing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsThe mRNA expression levels of LMP1 and apoptosis-related genes bcl-2,bax in SLE patients and healthy controls were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR).The serum BAFF levels of SLE patients and normal healthy controls were detected by ELISA.2 test was used for positive rate analysis,2-△△Ct method was used for comparing the gene expression level,and Student-Newman-Kqeuls method was used for pair-wise comparison between the means.Results① The positive rate of LMP1 expression in 67 SLE cases was 25％,which was significantly higher than the 11％ in 65 healthy controls (P＜0.05).② The 2-△Ct value of bcl-2 mRNA expression level of SLE patients was 0.0257,1.41 times to that (0.0183) of healthy controls and the difference was statistically significant.③ The 2-△Ct value of bcl-2 mRNA expression level of LMP1 positive SLE patients was 0.0427,1.98 times to that of LMP1 negative SLE patients (0.0217),the difference was statistically significant.④ The serum BAFF levels of LMP1 positive SLE patients,LMP1 negative SLE patients,LMP1 positive healthy controls and LMP 1 negative healthy controls were ( 106± 15 ),(82± 19),( 68±19),(64±17) μg/L,respectively.There were significant differences between serum BAFF levels of LMPl-positive SLE patients and other groups(P＜0.0l ).There were significant difference between serum BAFF levels of LMP1-negative SLE patients and the control groups (P＜0.01).ConclusionEBV may induce and/or promote SLE by LMP1 through apoptosis-related genes bcl-2 expression and induction of B lymphocytes that produce BAFF,all these mechanisms can prolong the infected auto-reactive B lymphocytes survival.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of the F waves,H-reflex and nerve conductions and its diagnostic value in the patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome(GBS)onset within 4 weeks.Methods The electrophysiological data of the 40 patients with GBS were analyzed retrospectively.These patients were divided into 2 groups according to the duration of illness including in 2 week' s group and over 2 week' s group.The results of the F waves,H-reflex,the motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV),and the sensory nerve conduction velocity(SCV)of these patients were analyzed.Results The abnormality rate of the F waves was 17/20 and 7/18 respectively in less 2 week' s group and over 2 week' s.The H-reflexes were 13/20 and 12/19.The MCV was 28.4％(25/88)and 32.9％(26/79).The distal motor latency was 40.9％(36/88)and 36.7％(29/79).The compound muscle action potential amplitude was 35.2％(31/88)and 32.9％(26/79)respectively in these two groups.The abnormality rate of the SCV was 11.2％(10/89)and 25.2％(24/95)respectively in the two groups.The higher abnormality rate of these tests was the F waves and H-reflex in both the groups.The abnormality rates of the F waves(x2 =8.657,P =0.003)and SCV(x2 =6.002,P =0.014)were significantly different between the two groups.There were no significant differences in the other tests.Conclusion The electrophysiological tests are valuable in the diagnosis of GBS.The F waves and H-reflex are more significant for early diagnosis of GBS.

Objective To analyze the features of the latency and interval in somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) of the upper limbs in subacute combined degeneration(SCD),and evaluate the SEP of the upper limbs in the diagnosis of SCD.Methods Thirty-four defined SCD patients and 22 healthy controls were included in this study.The patients underwent the SEP test and the magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)of spinal cord.The SEP results of the patients were compared with those of the controls.The results of the SEP,which were divided into the peripheral part and central part to be evaluated,were also compared with the related results of the SEP and MRI.Results Compared with the controls,the N9 ((10.80 ± 1.07) ms vs (10.23 ± 0.64) ms,t =3.223),P14 ((17.28 ± 2.56) ms vs (14.62 ± 0.84) ms,t =6.643),N9-P14 ((6.48±2.27) ms vs(4.40-0.58) ms,t =5.951) in the upper limbs and N9((12.11 ±0.83) ms vs (10.93±0.56) ms,t=5.690),P30((36.96±5.56) ms vs(30.37±2.20) ms,t=7.217),P38 ((46.94 ±5.83) ms vs(39.80 ±2.54) ms,t =7.353) in the lower limbs of SCD patients were prolonged (all P ＜0.01),however,the P14-N20 was prolonged without statistical significance.The abnormality of SEP was 80.9％ (110/136),in which the abnormality of the upper limbs was 85.3％ (58/68)while that of the lower limbs was 76.5％ (52/68).N9-P14 had the highest abnormality rate which was 72.1％ (49/68).The patients with SCD with normal N9 had prolonged N9-P14 ((5.98 ± 1.90) ms vs(4.40 ± 0.58) ms,t =5.267,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Subacute combined degeneration can involve not only the peripheral part of the somatosensory pathway but also the central part including the brainstem and brain.In the SEP of upper limbs,N9-P14 has the highest abnormality rate which suggests that the part from cervical spinal cord to the brainstem may be the most vulnerable in SCD.The test of SEP in the upper limbs may provide evidence for the damage in the central part in SCD.