Objective To evaluate the effect on inflammatory mediators and mechanism of dynamic factors on lung injury in a dog model of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Method The ARDS dog model was duplicated by instillation hydrochloric acid. The dogs were randomly (random number) divided into six groups: (1) normal control group (N group); (2) ARDS group (M group); (3) low VT (6 mL/kg) at respiratory rate 30, low inspiratory flow 6 mL/(kg·s). (4) large VT (20 mL/kg) at respiratory rate 30, high inspiratory flow 20 mL/kg·s.(5) large VT (20 mL/kg) at respiratory rate 15, high inspiratory flow 17 mL/(kg·s). (6) large VT (20 mL/kg) at respiratory rate 15, low inspiratory flow 10 mL/(kg·s). All the dogs were killed after 4 h ventilation. TNF-α、IL-8, p38 MAPK and NF-κB activity in the lung were measured. Results The expression of IL-8 protein in B and C groups was much higher than that of other groups ( P < 0.01) . There was no significant difference among M, A and D groups (P > 0.05). The gray scale ratio of B group was obviously higher than that of other groups (P < 0.01), except C group (P > 0.05). There was no significant changes among M, A and D groups in TNF-α protein contents. p38 MAPK value of positive staining of B group was the strongest, significantlyhigher than that of D group ( P < 0.01) .The expression of p38 MAPK in B and C groups was much higher than other groups (P <0.01). NF-κB activity in B group (33.56±2.85%) was significantly higher than that in A (10.35±0.6%)、D(7. 11 ± 0.47%)group, but there was no difference between B and C group (30.87 ± 1.16%). Conclusions Ventilation at high tidal volume, high inspiratory flow rate, high respiratory rate could activate p38 MAPK and increase the activity of NF-κB with the result of aggravating the release of inflammatory mediators. p38 MAPK and NF-κB activation are the major mechanisms in the development of VILI.

Objective To understand human rhinovirus (HRV) etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) in children in Shanghai area and establish a nested reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (nested RT-PCR) assay.Methods Three hundred and forty-two naso- pharyngeal secretion (NPS) samples from ALRTI cases who were hospitalized were collected during January 2005—December 2005.Nested RT-PCR techniques were used to detect HRV-specific RNA.The PCR products were sequenced and data of nucleotides were analyzed.The proportion of HRV infection in children with ALRTI,the distribution of gender,age and season,and clinical char- acteristics were also investigated.Results Forty-six (13.5%) of 342 samples were HRV positive detected by nested RT-PCR.The sequences of 15 positive samples shared high homology of 83%- 97% with HRV sequence in GenBank.Within the 15 positive samples,nucleotide homology varied from 64.4% to 98.4%,and the ratio of genetic variation was from 1.6% to 48.3%./00.These 15 ampli- cons attribute to the two branches of HRV cladogram.The sequences of 15 amplieons were highly varied,in which single nucleotide mutation and several nearby nueleotides mutations were found. Ribonucleotide deletion and insertion in the nucleotide sequence was also found.HRV positive sam- ples were detected in 33 boys and 13 girls,respectively.The ratio of infection cases between boys and girls was 2.5:1.Of 46 HRV infected cases,27 (58.7%) were less than 12 months of age and 38 (82.6%) were less than 3 years old.HRV infected ALRTI occured all the year round and peaked from March to May.Of the patients whose NPS samples were HRV positive detected by nested RT-PCR,45 patients were diagnosed with bronchopneumonia and 1 was diagnosed with asthmatic bronchitis.Fever of most patients was moderate.The peripheral blood leukocyte counts in thirty-nine (84.8%) patients were less than 10?10~9/L.Neutrophil percentages in thirty-seven (80.4%) patients were less than 0.50.C-reactive protein of thirty-six (78.3%) patients were less than 8 mg/L. All of these features were the characteristics of viral pneumonia.The complications were not common and conditions of most patients were not severe.All the children were cured.Conclusions This nes- ted RT-PCR technique is highly specific,rapid and convenient for the detection of HRV RNA in NPS of patients with ALRTI and the genome of HRV viruses is highly variable.The incidence of HRV infection predominates in children in Shanghai area.ALRTI of HRV is short of specificity and condi- tions of most patients are not severe and their prognoses are fine.

AIM: To define the relationship between platelet distribution width ( PDW) , fibrinogen ( FIB) and severity of diabetic retinopathy ( DR) .
METHODS: The survey included 99 patients with DR (48 with non-proliferative and 51 with proliferative DR) in our hospital during June 2012 and May 2014. Another 50 diabetic patients without DR and 50 healthy volunteers were matched as controls. Demographic data and disease history were gained. Fasting blood sample were collected to measure PDW, FIB, platelet count, fasting blood glucose and HbA1c.
RESULTS: Compared with healthy controls ( 16. 6%±1.2%) , a significant difference was found in PDW values among diabetic patients ( all P < 0. 05 ). The higher development of DR corresponded with a significantly higher level of PDW 17. 6%±1. 8%, 19. 1%±2. 1%, and 20%±1. 9% for patients without DR, non-proliferative DR and proliferative DR, respectively, the difference had statistical significance (P<0. 05). A significant difference was also found in FIB values among diabetic patients and healthy controls (P<0. 05). After correction for age,
gender, disease duration and HbA1c, multi factor Logistic analysis showed that there were significant increased risks in the prevalence of non-proliferative ( OR: 1. 464, PDW) ( OR: 2. 199, FIB) and proliferative DR ( OR: 1. 652, PDW ) ( OR: 2. 691, FIB ) with the increased PDW and FIB value (all P<0. 05).
CONCLUSION: The PDW and FIB value are parallel with the severity of DR, and there is increased risk of non-proliferative and proliferative DR with the PDW and FIB value increases.

T were also detected in the controls.Conclusion Nephrotic syndrome may be associated with NPHS2 identified in children.

Epiretinal membrane (ERM) is a relatively common macular disease that forms along the surface of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) of the retina to some reason.The pathogenesis is not clear.Microincision vitrectomy surgery has been confirmed as a minimally invasive and very safe modality of treatment.Deciding when to perform a vitrectomy can be difficult.There are many factors which can affect the postoperative visual acuity,such as age,the thickness of macular,integrity of photoreceptor inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) junction.

Objective To investigate the expression of survivin and its correlation with tumor cell proliferation and axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer. Methods Expressions of survivin and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) in 74 cases of breast cancer(34 cases with axillary lymph node metastasis) were measured by immunohistochemistry. Results (1) There was expression of survivin in 64.9% of breast cancer. (2) Labeling idex(LI) of PCNA in breast cancer cells with positive expression of survivin was significantly higher than that with negative survivin. (3) The positive percent of survivin expression in breast cancer with axillary lymph node metastasis was higher than that without axillary lymph node metastasis. Conclusion The expression of survivin in breast cancer is related to PCNA and axillary lymph node metastasis.

Euphorbia kansui (EK) is a toxic herbal drug, and often used after vinegar-processing to reduce its toxicity. In present study, a 1H-NMR based metabonomic approach was used to evaluate the detoxification effect of vinegar-processed EK. The water extracts of EK and VEK were administered orally to male SD rats at doses of 9 g x kg(-1) x d(-1) for 1 week, respectively, and one more week observation was further conducted. The control group was orally given with saline. Histopathological studies of liver samples on the 8th and 15th day were conducted, and the metabolites of rat urine and liver were analysed by 1H-NMR. Histopathological studies of liver samples from EK and VEK treated rats showed no negative impacts. In metabonomic analyses of urines, changes of metabolites indicated liver damages, kidney lesions and imbalance of gut microbes in the second week. VEK-treated rats showed a quite lower toxicity compared with EK-treated ones. The present study revealed that the metabonomic approach might be helpful for the evaluation of toxicity of EK and detoxic effect of VEK.
Acetic Acid ; chemistry ; Animals ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; toxicity ; Euphorbia ; chemistry ; Inactivation, Metabolic ; Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Male ; Metabolomics ; methods ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Urinalysis

Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a common clinical disease that seriously threatens human health and life. Accurate location of the upper airway obstruction is the key to the diagnosis and treatment of OSAHS. Acoustic pharyngometry uses sound reflection to quickly assess the cross-sectional area and volume of the upper airway. Acoustic pharyngometry represents a simple, quick, non-invasive method for measuring upper airway dimensions which could predict sleep apnea risk. In this article we sought to introduce the application of acoustic pharyngometry in the diagnosis and treatment of OSAHS.
Acoustics ; Humans ; Larynx ; Pharynx ; diagnostic imaging ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Syndrome

This study is aimed to establish a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for simultaneous determination of skimmin, scopolin and umbelliferone in Saussurea hieracioides. Samples were analyzed on a Wondasil C18-WR column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) with methanol (A) and water containing 0.1% phosphate (B) as mobile phases for gradient elution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1). The detection wavelength and column temperature were set at 325 nm and 35 degrees C, respectively, and the sample size was 10 microL. The results showed that skimmin, scopolin and umbelliferone were simultaneously achieved within 40 min under the above conditions. A good linearity was observed in the range of 0.18-5.6 microg (r = 1.000 0), 0.060-1.8 microg (r = 0.999 9), 0.032-0.97 microg (r = 0.999 8) for skimmin, scopolin and umbelliferone, respectively, with the average recoveries of 99.16% (RSD = 0.41%), 100.3% (RSD = 0.79%), 102.2% (RSD = 0.87%). The method is simple, accurate and reproducible and can be used for the quality control of S. hieracioides.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Coumarins ; analysis ; Glucosides ; analysis ; Medicine, Tibetan Traditional ; Reproducibility of Results ; Saussurea ; chemistry ; Umbelliferones ; analysis

BACKGROUND:There is a high morbidity after spinal cord injury, and the therapeutic strategy is limited to early surgical intervention, medication and post-treatment exercise that only can improve the motor function slightly. However, there is no effective cure method. OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of partition-type spinal cord catheter combined with bone marrow stromal stem cels on T8 spinal cord transection damage in rats. METHODS:Fifty rats were randomized into five groups (n=10 per group): group I, T8 spinal cord transection (5 mm) was made in rats with no treatment; group II, the partition-type tube was inserted into the injured site after modeling; group III, partition-type tube combined with bone marrow stromal stem cels was implanted into the injured site after modeling; group IV, partition-type tube combined with polyglycolic acid fibers was implanted into the injured site after modeling; group V, partition-type tube combined with bone marrow stromal stem cels and polyglycolic acid fibers was implanted into the injured site after modeling. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 2 and 12 weeks postoperatively, Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan scores were significantly higher in the groups III and IV than the groups I, II, IV (P < 0.05). At 12 weeks postoperatively, the latency of motor evoked potential below the injury plane was significantly decreased in group V compared with groups I, II, III, IV (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical results displayed that in the groups III and V, regenerated nerve fibers grew positively and arranged orderly among the tubes, and there was no obvious winding phenomenon. Under transmission electron microscopy, a certain number of myelinated nerve fibers were found as bridges among groups. These findings indicate that the partition-type chitosan tube combined with bone marrow stromal stem cels has a good connection with the injured spinal cord a good connection to restore part of electrophysiological properties, accelerate the axon regeneration, recover the motor function, thereby providing a new direction for the treatment of spinal cord injury. Cite this article:Zhao XW, Liu X, Yu DP, Rong H, Yu XS, Yang CS, Liu T, Zhao TB. Partition-type spinal cord catheter combined with bone marrow stromal stem cels in the repair of spinal cord transection injury in rats. Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu. 2016;20(1):42-48.