Abstract?AIM:To compare the loss of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer ( RNFL ) thickness measurements by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography ( SD -OCT ) in healthy individuals and glaucoma patients with or without progression.? METHODS: A total of 60 eyes, comprising 36 glaucomatous eyes with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and 24 healthy controls, were included in the study over a 2-year period.All eyes underwent at least 4 serial RNFL measurements performed by Cirrus OCT every half a year over a period of 2a.Visual field ( VF) testing was performed by using the Swedish interactive threshold algorithm( SITA) Standard 30-2 program of the Humphrey field analyzer within the same week as the optic disc/RNFL photography. By masked comparative analysis of VF test results and optic disc/RNFL photographs, the eyes were classified into non -progressive and progressive glaucoma cases. Longitudinal loss of RNFL thickness was compared.?RESULTS: The mean follow-up time was 2.1 ±0.3a. Seventeen from 36 subjects were identified as progressors. Mean rates of change in average RNFL thickness were significantly higher for progressors compared with nonprogressors (2.46μm/a vs.1.21μm/a;P <0.001 ). Inferior quadrant RNFL thickness were significantly correlated with MD reduction in glaucoma eyes with progression(r=0.423, P=0.03).? CONCLUSION: Longitudinal measurements of RNFL thickness using SD-OCT show a pronounced reduction in patients with progression compared with patients without progression.Inferior RNFL thickness parameters might be more important in discriminating eyes with progressive glaucomatous optic nerve damage.

Objective To investigate effects of problem-based learning (PBL) and traditional learning (TL) on students' long-term memory and clinical practice ability. Methods Totally 79 5-year-program undergraduates of 2006, 2007, 2008 grade in school of clinical medicine of our hospital were randomly divided into PBL group (n=38) and TL group (n=41). The teaching effects were evaluated by two exams as well as teachers' subjective impression. SPSS 17.0 statistical analysis software was used;exam results were expressed as x±s; t test and rank sum test were used to analyze the exam results and subjective impression. α=0.05 was set as inspection level. Results In the second exam after 6 months, the mean exam scores were (76.66 ±5.94) and (73.59 ±5.74) in PBL group and TL group, without significant differences between the two groups (t=1.85, P=0.068). However, at clinical intern-ship stage, PBL group outperformed TL group based on the subjective evaluation (P=0.065, 0.277). Conclusion PBL can culture students' ability of problem-solving, but it is limited in culturing long-term memory.

Objective To explore the teaching effects of physiology lectures and students' attitude to lectures,their suggestions for contents,forms and other aspects of lectures.Methods Random sampling questionnaire survey was conducted among 500 students of 2008 grade and 2009 grade in Xiangya medical school of central south university.The percentage of the option in the questionnaire was calculated and the findings were directly described.Results All students thought that physiology lectures were necessary.Teachers should arrange lectures which students were interested in,pay attention to inspire thinking and enhance teacher-student interaction.67.6％ of students thought that the knowledge learned from lectures can be used in expanding scientific thinking.Conclusions The lectures are popular among most students,playing an important role in cultivating students' ability of strict scientific thinking.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effects of silencing expression ofEZH2 gene on the cell proliferation of human QBC939 cells and its mechanisms. Methods The targeting siRNA was designed and trans-fected into QBC939cells. The expressions of EZH2 mRNA and protein were detected by real-time qPCR and west-ern blotting,respectively. The ability of cellproliferationwas analyzed by MTT assay and plate clone formation assay. Cell apoptosis and cycle percentage weremeasured by flow cytometry. Cell senescence was assessed byβ-galactosi-dase dyeing.The expressions of H3K27me3,P14ARF,P16INK4a,P53,P21 and E2F1 proteinwere determined by West-ern blotting.Results Compared with the control group ,the expressions of mRNAand protein were significantly elevat-ed in experimental group. The ability of cellproliferation in the experiment group was significantly down regulated , which could also cause a rise of G1/S phase ,but not a marked variation of apoptosis rate. Silencing EZH2 would induce a obvious senescence phenotype in QBC939 cells. EZH2-siRNA transferredcould also down-regulate the expressions of H3K27me3 and E2F1 protein,while up-regulating the expressions of P14ARF,P16INK4a,P53 and P21 protein in QBC939 cells.Conclusions Silencing EZH2 could induce a significant inhibition on cell proliferation of QBC939 cells,the mechanism of which may be associated with the senescence pathway regulation.

ObjectiveTo standardize the service for mental disability in community, and evaluate scientifically the effect of rehabilitation measures and social factors on the prognosis of disease.MethodsIn the communities selected by cluster sampling method, family-social rehabilitation service was established. The observe groups or specified observers were selected by the community committee, and the maintenance treatment and rehabilitation evaluation were made by psychiatrists.ResultsAfter community rehabilitation treatment, schizophrenia could be compliant with maintenance treatment, which led to satisfactory social function evaluation and rehabilitation result.Conclusion Community rehabilitation treatment could increase the compliance with medical treatment and decrease the occurrence of relapse.

Objective To investigate the management of pregnancy and cardiovascular complications in women with Marian syndrome(MFS).Methods From October 1994 to September 2006, 30 patients with MFS undergoing cardiovascular surgery were studied retrospectively.Results In the labor of 46 offsprings given birth by 30 women,5 cases(11%)were performed elective cesarean section because of the existence of aortic complication,and 12(26%)were diagnosed as MFS.The gestation in two patients was terminated due to deterioration of aortic abnormalities during their third trimester,and they received surgical treatment with Bcntall procedure.Two developed acute aortic dissection during labor and post delivery respectively.With the manipulation of anticoagulation peripartum,one who had the implantation with mechanical prosthesis went through pregnancy and delivery uneventfully.The average duration between delivery and cardiovascular surgery was(15?9)years.Conclusions Vaginal delivery can be done safely in patients with the MFS who do not have or have mild cardiovascular system abnormalities,aortic dissection,or other important cardiac abnormalities,cesarean section should be the preferred method of delivery.Women with MFS are at increased risk for dissection and congestive heart failure during pregnancy and should be counseled before pregnancy about these risks,as well as the inheritance of the condition.

OBJECTIVETo study the viremia formation in guinea-pigs infected with wild type and attenuated Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV).

METHODSGuniea pigs were inoculated intraperitoneally with different wild JEV strains and the attenuated vaccine strain and its parent virulent strain. Viremia was detected on different days following virus inoculation.

RESULTSAll the guinea-pigs inoculated with the wild JEV strains induced different levels of viremia (1.00-3.40 Lg pfu) on the 1st and 3rd day post inoculation. Using a virus titer of 10(4) pfu for inoculation, the animals inoculated with the SA14 parent strain induced relatively high viremia (10(2.4)-10(3.4) pfu), however no viremia coulds be detected on any tested days.

CONCLUSIONThe degree of viremia in guinea pigs can be used as a new method to evaluate the attenuation of JEV.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese ; pathogenicity ; physiology ; Encephalitis, Japanese ; virology ; Guinea Pigs ; Humans ; Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Vaccines, Attenuated ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Viremia ; virology ; Virulence ; Virus Replication

Naringin has been reported to possess a wild range of biological activities. However, the route and metabolites of naringin produced by intestinal bacteria are not well understood. In this paper, different bacteria were isolated from human feces and their abilities to convert naringin to different metabolites were studied. Ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) with automated data analysis software (MetaboLynx) was applied to fast analysis of naringin metabolites. Using MSE and mass defect filter techniques, three metabolites were detected and tentatively identified. The results indicated that acetylation, hydrolyzation and hydrolyzation with hydrogenation were the major metabolic pathways of naringin in vitro. Then, we studied the gene sequence of the 16S rRNA of the bacteria by extraction of genomic DNA of the strain, PCR amplification and clone of the 16S rRNA. The consequence proved that Enterococcus sp.30, Bacillus sp.46, Escherichia sp.54 and Escherichia sp.63 have the peculiar metabolism characteristic of naringin.
Bacillus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Enterococcus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Escherichia ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Feces ; microbiology ; Female ; Flavanones ; metabolism ; Humans ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; genetics ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization

Digestive endoscopy is an important approach for the diagnosis and treatment of digestive tract diseases. With the expansion of gastrointestinal tumor screening projects, more and more patients and asymptomatic healthy people will receive digestive endoscopy, and digestive endoscopy training has become particularly important. The traditional patient-based training mode will be replaced by more standardized training mode. Due to the objectivity, safety and economic advantages, virtual reality (VR) simulation will be helpful for promoting and perfecting the standardized training mode of digestive endoscopists in China. This article reviewed the application, research progress, advantages, current limitations, and potential prospects of VR technique in the digestive endoscopy training.

The experiment is designed to explore pathological festures and material basis of pseadoanaphylactoid reaction induced by notoginseng total saponin preparation. Mouse pseadoanaphylactoid reaction was used, 50 ICR mice were randomly assigned to control group, positive medicine group, notoginseng total saponin preparation low-dose group, notoginseng total saponin preparation middle-dose group, notoginseng total saponin preparation high-dose group on average. They are treated by intravenous injection of test substance solutions containing 0.4% Evans blue (EB). 30 min later, scores of ear blue staining and quantitation of ear EB exudation were recorded. Another two experiment were repeated in the same way excluding EB, just to. detect the related cytokines in serum using ELISA. We found that the scores of pseudoanaphylactoid reaction in notoginseng total saponin preparation injection middle-dose group and high-dose group was evidently higher than that in control group, suggesting that notoginseng total saponin preparation injection may be can lead to pseadoanaphylactoid reaction. HE staining showed that pseadoanaphylactoid reaction induced by notoginseng total saponin preparation injection is related to inflammation. Histamine, VEGF and TNF-α levels in notoginseng total saponin preparation middle-dose group and high-dose group significantly increased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) than control group and showed a dose-dependent manner as well as consistent with the degree of ear blue dye. While IL-6 and IL-10 content did not increase significantly in notoginseng total saponin preparation low-dose group and middle-dose group, but they significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) when it increased to quadrupe clinical concentrations, eight times of the clinical dose. So pseadoanaphylactoid reaction caused by notoginseng total saponin preparation may be related to histamine, VEGF, TNF-α, and it is possible that IL-6 and IL-10 can play a role when pseadoanaphylactoid reaction achieve a certain high degree.
Anaphylaxis ; chemically induced ; Animals ; Capillary Permeability ; drug effects ; Cytokines ; blood ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Hypersensitivity ; etiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Panax notoginseng ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; Saponins ; adverse effects