Objective:To explore the etiology and drug resistance of the ICU ventilator-associated pneumonia.Methods: One hundred cases of patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia received in our ICU room were selected; the pathologic examination results were retrospectively analyzed.Results: One hundred and thirty five bacteria were isolated from 100 cases of patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia, including 95 cases of Gram-negative bacilli(70.5%), 34 cases of Gram-positive cocci(25.1%) and 6 cases of fungi(4.4%); The resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae for cefazolin, gentamicin, levofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were high; The resistance rate of Staphylococcus aureus for ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, cefazolin, gentamicin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, cefoperazone/sulbactam and piperacillin were high.Conclusion: ICU ventilator-associated pneumonia pathogen was mainly Gram-negative bacteria, and showed multidrug resistance, imipenem and cefoperazone/sulbactam for most pathogens had better efficacy and worthy of clinical application.

This article summarized some in vitro models of drug absorption,whose shortcomings and virtues were compared in order to be convenient for researchers to know and select optimal model.

Objective:To study the expression of p73? and its clinical significance in breast carcinoma.Methods:The expression of p73? was detected by immunohistochemistry in 41 breast carcinoma tissues,13 benign breast tumor tissues and 8 normal breast tissues.Results:The positive expression of p73? was found in 20/41(48.8%) of breast carcinoma tissues,1/13(7.7%)of benign breast tumor tissues,0/8(0)of normal breast tissues.The positive expression rate of p73? in breast carcinoma tissues was significantly higher than that in benign breast tumor tissues or normal breast tissues(P

Objective:To find a better way to protect the security and interests of vulnerable groups by exploring the problem of protecting the vulnerable groups in drug clinical trial from the perspectives of ethics committees,organization and researchers.Methods:According to the relevant literature and the actual situation of the hospital,this paper analyzed the security issues of vulnerable groups comprehensively.Results:Only the ethics committees,organization and researchers work together,can it protect the security and interests of vulnerable groups to the greatest extents.Conclusion:Further research on the security of vulnerable groups not only promotes the development of human health,but also plays a decisive role in improving the protection of subjects in drug clinical trial.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (TlDM) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of pancreatic β cells, which sequentially leading to the reduction of insulin secretion. Numerous susceptibilities, including genetic and environmental factors, may be involved in triggering the T1DM. The ideal therapy for T1DM should focus on both preventing the immune system from attacking β cells, and also the stimulation of β cell neogenesis. In vitro and in vivo studies both demonstrated that GLP-1 analogues were able to promote the synthesis and secretion of insulin, stimulate neogenesis of β cells, increase β cells replication, and reduce β cell apoptosis. Hence, GLP-1 analogues have been shown to be potential treatment for T1DM. This work reviewed recent publications regarding to GLP-1 application in TlDM and pancreatic islet transplantations and prospected the future research directions.

Cytochrome P450 is one of the microsomal mixed function oxidase,and plays an important role in the metabolism of exogenous and endogenous material.Lots of domestic and overseas relative literatures were red,the article summarized the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine affecting the metabolism of CYP in recent years.Eight main drug-metabolizing enzymes were respectively introduced,including CYP1A1,CYP1A2,CYP2A6,CYP2C,CYP2D6,CYP2E1,CYP3A4 and CYP3A4.It is important to research CYP450 for drug screening,individual administration.

0.05).CONCLUSION A similar MMN exists in guinea pigs and human.MMN has a process of development,differentiation and maturation with aging. Guinea pigs can serve as the candidate animal for MMN research.Comparing with ABR,MMN is more sensitive to evaluate the central auditory function.

Objective To evaluate 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in primary adrenal lymphoma (PAL). Methods Three male patients with clinically diagnosed PAL, aged 59 to 77 years old, were examined by18F-FDG PET/CT before histopathologic examination. The SUVmax ratio of tumor to liver (T/L)was calculated on 18F-FDG PET images. All patients underwent R-CHOP ( rituximab-cyclophosphamide,doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) chemotherapy regimens. One patient had serial follow-up 18F-FDG PET/CT post therapy. Results The final diagnosis of all 3 cases was bilateral diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The pathologic results of bone marrow biopsy were negative. Case 1 was in disease remission based on four times of follow-up 18F-FDG PET/CT. The patient's clinical follow-up was also negative and he was currently alive for more than 19 months. Case 2 was of late stage and suffered from adrenal insufficiency. He died 6 months after the diagnosis. Case 3 (the eldest patient) was treated with partial excision followed by the chemotherapy. He died of lung infection 12 months after treatment. Conclusion 18 F-FDG PET/CT may be of important value for maximizing patient management and survival for patients with PAL, a rare and highly malignant disease.

The new generation high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays have been used in clinic for nearly 5 years in China.In 2012,several new high-sensitivity assays have been approved to be used in clinic in other countries,and they are under inspection of Chinese Food and Drug Ddministration.Because the new generation assays' sensitivity is improved,acute coronary syndrome could have been diagnosed 2-3 hours earlier,and small cardiac injuries that could not be detected by previous assays are detectable now.But its advantages also bring challenges to doctors.Many doctors can't even use previous assays well.The clinical doctors and laloiatory stuffs need to comunicate and reach a consensus just like American doctors do before American food and drug administration approve it.