OBJECTIVE:To realize individualized medication and to ensure medication safety.METHODS:The workflow and the major features of the auto single-dose dispense packing machine were briefly introduced,and the experience of its practical use was discussed.RESULTS:Auto single-dose dispense packing machine could increase efficiency and dispense accuracy,facilitate medication,improve the management levels of dispensary and hospital,and shift the focus of pharmacists from repeated dispensing to giving clinical pharmaceutical directions,research and management.CONCLUSION:Auto single-dose dispense machine can effectively enhance both the quality and level of pharmaceutical services;therefore,it can be widely applied.

Objective:To observe the change of immunity in vivo after Vitreous cryopreservation with tetramethylpyrazine nerve allograft was implanted into the recipient so as to judge its immunogenicity.Methods:Sciatic nerves of Sprague-Dawley rats were resected and made by Vitreous cryopreservation with tetramethylpyrazin.The nerves from Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted into the dorsal and ventral subcutis of Wistar rats in experimental group。Fresh nerves from Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted into the dorsal and ventral subcutis of Sprague-Dawley rats in control group respectively.T lymphoeytes infiltraion in isograft nerve was investigated by immunohis-tochemical Methods:staining CD4 and CD8 positive T lymphocytes with anti-CD4 and CD8 monoclonal antibodies(MoAb).Results:320 mg/L tetramethylpyrazine combined vitreous cryopreservation stainings at-20℃for 3 weeks showed that the number of CD4 and CD8 positive T lymphocytes infiltrated into the nerve implants of the experimental group was much lower than that of other tetramethylpyrazine combined vitreous cryopreservation in the control group.there was no marked difference of the 320mg/L tetramethylpyrazine combined vitreous cryopreservation stainings at-20℃for 3 weeks nerves group compared with autografting group.Conclusion:The nerve treated by 320 mg/L tetramethylpyrazine combined vitreous cryopreservation at-20℃for 3 weeks shoued lower immunogenicity after implanta-tion,and there was no significant rejection response after transplantation in rats.

Objective To introduce the basic functions, characteristics, experience of the auto single-dose dispensation machine which is applied in clinic service of our hospital. Method Analysis of the workflow, major characteristics of the auto single-dose dispensation machine were combined with our experience. Result: After utilizing the dispensation machine, working efficiency, medication safety as well as management of pharmacy and hospital were all improved. Conclusion: The auto single-dose dispensation machine, which can be used to enhance working quality of the pharmacy, is worth popularizing.

Medicine is a comprehensive discipline.Under the new situation,medical students are required to have integral knowledge and whole view.This article aims at evaluating the necessity of diagnosis and discusses the defects,causes and strategy in this respect.

Turner syndrome (TS) is the result of complete or partial deletion of an X chromosome. It is often associated with endocrine dysfunction such as thyroid dysfunction, growth and developmental disorders, glucose and lipid metabolism disor-ders, and so on. Long-term follow-up of children with TS should regularly monitor thyroid autoantibodies, thyroid function, blood glucose and blood lipids for early detection and intervention of the complications, in order to further improve the life quality of children with TS.

Objective To observe and analyze the four changes of plasma D- dimer and coagulation in pregnant women at different stages of pregnancy, and to explore the value of the test. Methods The subjects of this study were 120 pregnant women who underwent routine physical examination in our hospital, according to different stages of pregnancy (early pregnancy, middle pregnancy, late pregnancy, and before delivery) Four D- dimer and four blood coagulation tests were performed in pregnant women, and the results were observed and compared. Results During the pregnancy, D- dimer has increase trend (P<0.05); early in pregnancy, pregnancy and late pregnancy, PT has shortened(P<0.05); pregnancy, APTT has shortened (P<0.05), at the end of pregnancy and parturient period, showing a significant shortening (P<0.05); phenomenon in early pregnancy to mid pregnancy stage, FIB increased significantly (P<0.05), and at the end of pregnancy to perinatal period, with a sharp increase (P<0.05). Conclusion It is of great significance to perform dynamic monitoring of of plasma D- dimer and coagulation four indices in pregnant women during pregnancy.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of growth hormone(GH) stimulating test in dwarfism of children and related influencing factors .Methods Arginine and L‐dopa were applied to perform GH stimulating test in 642 children with dwarf‐ism .GH levels were detected at 30 ,60 ,90 ,120 ,150 ,180 min after stimulation .All children were divided into GH deficiency (GHD) group ,with peak value of GH less than 10 ng/mL ,and non‐GHD group ,with peak value of GH at least 10 ng/mL .Physical and la‐boratory data of the two groups were compared .Results The proportion of children with GHD and without GHD were 68 .69%and 31 .31% ,respectively ,and with statistical difference(χ2 =6 .19 ,P<0 .05) .The GH peak value ,with a delay ,mainly appeared at 30 and 150 min after stimulation ,accounting for 22 .42% and 34 .27% .Levels of age ,body height standard deviation ,body mass in‐dex ,alanine aminotransferase ,aspartate aminotransferase ,insulin growth factor‐1 and 25‐hydroxyl vitamin D were statistically dif‐ferent between the two groups(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Arginine and L‐dopa combined stimulating test could be used for the diagno‐sis of GHD in children with dwarfism .GH level might be correlated with various physical and laboratory parameters ,which should be considered for the diagnosis of GHD .

ObjectiveTo investigate the risk factors for recurrent ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation.MethodsThe ischemic stroke patients with atrial fibrillation were enrolled retrospectively.Their demographic and clinical data were collected.The relative risk factors for strokes were compared in the first-ever stroke group and the recurrent stroke group.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent risk factors for recurrent ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation.ResultsA total of 504 ischemic stroke patients with atrial fibrillation were enrolled, including 245 males (48.6%).and 259 females (51.4%).The average age was 76.67±8.26 years.There were 314 patients (62.3%) in the first-ever stroke group and 190 (37.7%) in the recurrent stroke group.The proportions of hypertension (78.9% vs.69.4%;χ2=5.446, P=0.020), diabetes mellitus (38.9% vs.26.8%;χ2=8.181, P=0.004), and age >75 years (68.9% vs.60.2%;χ2=3.915, P=0.048), as well as the baseline systolic blood pressure (153.30±26.02 mmHg vs.148.13±26.40 mmHg, 1 mmHg=0.133 kPa;t=-2.141, P=0.033) in the recurrent stroke were significantly higher than those in the first-ever stroke group.Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension (odds ratio [OR] 1.734, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.121-2.682;P=0.013), diabetes (OR 1.757, 95% CI 1.188-2.597;P=0.005), and age >75 years (OR 1.680, 95% CI 1.132-2.494;P=0.010) were the independent risk factors for recurrent ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation.ConclusionHypertension, diabetes, and age >75 years were the independent risk factors for recurrent ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation.

A novel method for the determination of metallic elements in environmental samples was developed based on the matrix-assisted plasma surface sampling atomic emission spectrometry ( AES system) . A piece of filter paper was used as sample substrate. By direct interaction of the plasma tail plume with the filter paper surface, the filter paper absorbed energy from the plasma source and released combustion heating to the analytes originally present on its surface, thus to promote the atomization and excitation process. Surface sampling was performed in both cases of liquid and solid state analytes. Therefore, no flow injection system was required and sample pretreatment process was simplified. The proposed method provides several advantages, including fast analysis speed ( about 240 samples/h ) , little sample consumption (μL or μg level) , simplicity in instrument design, and also ease of system operation. These advantages made it attractive as a potential miniaturized AES system for in situ and high-throughput elemental analyses. Quantitative analysis of metal ions were achieved in this study for elements Ag, Au, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Eu, La, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr and Y. Under optimal conditions, the LOD values of the 13 elements ranged from 1. 0 to 88 μg/L. The repeatability, expressed as relative standard deviation ( RSD) from 10 replicates, ranged from 2. 3% to 6. 8%. To validate the proposed method, the system was employed to determine metal elements in standard reference materials of environmental samples. The content of each element was well in agreement with the certified values.

Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk) is a member of the non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases of Tec family.It plays an important role in growth,proliferation,differentiation and signal transduction of B lymphocyte.After activation of B-cell receptor (BCR) by diverse stimuli,Btk is activated through tyrosine phosphorylation.Activated Btk can stimulate several downstream signaling proteins.Btk and BCR signaling pathways play important roles in initiation and maintenance of B cell malignancies.This review focuses on the recent findings in association of Btk and B cell malignancies.