Optical imaging technology of ocular fundus,including fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA),optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fundus autofluorescence (FAF),is growing at an unprecedented speed and scale and is integrating into the routine clinical management of ocular fundus diseases,such as diagnosis,treatment,and mechanism study.While FFA allow us to observe the retinal and choroidal blood circulation,OCT and FAF are non-invasive,fast and quantifiable measurement; such techniques show even more unique advantages and are favored tools.All these retinal imaging technologies,together with a variety of retinal function assessments,bring us into the era of big data of ocular fundus diseases.All of these developments are the challenges and opportunities for the operator and user of these fundus optics imaging technologies.In order to improve its clinical applications and allocate resources rationally,we need to understand the optical properties of these retinal imaging technologies,and standardize diagnosis behavior.This is a continuous learning process needs to continue to explore.

Herbicides ; poisoning ; Humans ; Occupational Exposure ; Poisons

ObjectiveTo discuss the curative effects of sodium aescinate tablet on traumatic leg swelling.Methods168 cases were divided into four groups.54 cases of Ⅰ degree leg swelling were randomly divided into two groups,one group were treated with no drug and the other with sodium aescinate tablet.114 cases of Ⅱ and Ⅲ degree leg swelling were randomly divided into two groups,one group were treated with mannitol and the other with mannitol and sodium aescinate tablet.All cases were treated for 7 days and observed on leg swelling.ResultsThe curative effects of group with sodium aescinate tablet were superior to the group with no drug.The curative effects of group with both sodium aescinate tablet and mannitol are superior to group with mannitol.ConclusionSodium aescinate tablet had obviously curative effects on trautic leg swelling.Both sodium aescinate and mannitol could be used to treat leg swelling of Ⅱ and Ⅲ degree.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (TlDM) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of pancreatic β cells, which sequentially leading to the reduction of insulin secretion. Numerous susceptibilities, including genetic and environmental factors, may be involved in triggering the T1DM. The ideal therapy for T1DM should focus on both preventing the immune system from attacking β cells, and also the stimulation of β cell neogenesis. In vitro and in vivo studies both demonstrated that GLP-1 analogues were able to promote the synthesis and secretion of insulin, stimulate neogenesis of β cells, increase β cells replication, and reduce β cell apoptosis. Hence, GLP-1 analogues have been shown to be potential treatment for T1DM. This work reviewed recent publications regarding to GLP-1 application in TlDM and pancreatic islet transplantations and prospected the future research directions.

To ensure the meridian can be measured and displayed correctly on the human body surface, a visualization method based on impedance and binocular vision is proposed. First of all, using alternating constant current source to inject current signal into the human skin surface, then according to the low impedance characteristics of meridian, the multi-channel detecting instrument detects voltage of each pair of electrodes, thereby obtaining the channel of the meridian location, through the serial port communication, data is transmitted to the host computer. Secondly, intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of cameras are obtained by Zhang's camera calibration method, and 3D information of meridian location is got by corner selection and matching of the optical target, and then transform coordinate of 3D information according to the binocular vision principle. Finally, using curve fitting and image fusion technology realizes the meridian visualization. The test results show that the system can realize real-time detection and accurate display of meridian.
Calibration ; Electric Impedance ; Electrodes ; Humans ; Meridians ; Vision, Binocular

Objective:To investigate the inhibitory effects of human angiostatin ( AS) on the subcutaneously transplanted mouse glioma. Methods; Effects of AS on the proliferation of angioendothelial cell line ECV-304 and human glioma cell line TJ-905 were observed with MTT method. Mouse model of subcutaneously transplanted of glioma line G422 was established. AS was injected subcutaneously, tumor ratio and tumor in hibitory rate were estimated. Results; ( 1) Inhibitory effects of AS on ECV-304 enhanced with the increase of dose, while AS exerted no effect on TJ-905 ; (2) It was shown with animal experiments that turner inhibitory rates were 21. 8% and 84. 3% with AS doses of 10 mg and 50 mg-kg-1. d-1 , respectively; (3) Immunochemical factor VM staining indicated there the differences between the control and the control and the test groups in both the angiodevelopment and quantity. Conclusion; There was no inhibitory effect for AS to angiolorna cell in vitro, however in vivo, it inhibited the glioma growth via its inhibitory effect on the proliferation of an-gioend othelial cell line. It was then suggested that AS would be of wide application in tumor treatment.

Objective: Using three-year-old birch (Betula platyphylla) as the experimental material to study the changes of the accumulation of triterpenoid precursor and triterpenoid components in birch, and to analyze the fluctuation characteristics of triterpenoid component accumulation. Methods: Eight compositions, such as the total triterpene, betulin, flavonoids, etc in twig barks and leaves, were analyzed by HPLC and UV spectrophotometer. Results: The accumulative characteristics of each component in triterpenoid substances was significantly different between the twig barks and leaves. During the growing seasons (May-September), the accumulation of 2, 3-oxidized squalene, betulinic acid, betulin, oleanolic acid, dammarenediol, sterol, and total triterpene reached the peak in July-September. Among these, 2, 3-oxidized squalene had a lower content and its highest content was 0.067 mg/g in July. The content of betulinic acid was 8.34 mg/g, while the content of oleanolic acid reached 37.51 mg/g in September. The highest content of dammarenediol was 14.18 mg/g and the total triterpene content was 168.17 mg/g in July. The higher concentration of total triterpene in the leaves was 126.11 mg/g in August, while the contents of 2, 3-oxidized squalene, betulin, and oleanolic acid were very low and not detected. The accumulated peaks of flavonoids in twig barks and leaves were 53.02 and 58.49 mg/g, respectively in May and August. The fluctuation analysis showed that the accumulation of triterpenoid components did not coincide with that of total triterpene in twig barks and leaves,. The total triterpene, dammarenediol, oleanolic acid, and betulinic acid showed the S-shaped curve in twig barks, and the accumulation of betulin showed the inverted "V" curve, the while trend of flavonoid accumulation was contrary to the total triterpene. The trend of the total triterpene accumulation was similar to that of flavonoids, while the trends of dammarenediol and 2, 3-oxidized squalene accumulation were similar. Conclusion: This research identifies the accumulation and distribution characteristics of triterpenoid and flavonoids in the twig barks and leaves of three-year-old birch, and lays the foundation for triterpenoid resources discovering, sustainable use, and metabolic regulation in twig barks and leaves of birch.

Objective To obtain the Tat-GFP fusion proteins with penetrating activity and labeled with green fluorescence protein (GFP), and to explore the cell membrane penetrating activity of Tat-GFP in MCF-7 cells. Methods The plasmid pET-24a-Tat-GFP was transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 cells. Different concentrations (0.5 and 1.0 mmol · L-1 ) of isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG ) and cell culture temperatures (22℃ and 37℃)were used to optimize the protein expression.The Tat-GFP proteins in supernatant were purified using Ni-IDA resins. Western blotting analysis was used to identify the Tat-GFP protein, and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM ) was used to examine the cell penetration of Tat-GFP protein. Results There was no significant difference in the Tat-GFP protein production induced by 0.5 and 1.0 mmol·L-1 IPTG;however,the low temperature (22℃)-induced BL21 cells expressed more Tat-GFP proteins than that at 37℃ induction.The Western blotting analysis results showed that GFP antibody could specifically recognize the proteins in PVDF membranes in dose-dependent manner;the CLSM results indicated the distribution of green fluorescence in cytoplasm and nucleus of MCF-7 cells.Conclusion The Tat-GFP protein highly expresses in the supenatant of Escherichia coli i BL2 1 cells at low temperature;the obtained Tat-GFP protein with green fluorescence preserves the cell penetrating activity.

BACKGROUND: Epidural resistance materials are an approach to prevent the epidural scar adhesion after laminectomy. A composite membrane of mechanical separation and fibroblast inhibition is promising to be widely studied.OBJECTIVE: To prepare the interferon (IFN)/poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and chitosan/PLGA composite membranes, and to observe their effects on preventing epidural scar adhesion after laminectomy in rabbits.METHODS: L2 laminectomy was performed in 120 rabbits, which were randomly and evenly divided into six groups. The control group received nothing on epidurals. In the autologous free fat group, the exposed dura was covered with subcutaneous fat. In the sodium hyaluronate group, 1 mL sodium hyaluronate was dripped onto the dura. In the PLGA, chitosan/PLGA, and IFN/PLGA groups, the exposed dura was covered with one of the three membranes at a sufficient size. The animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks postoperatively. The scar formation and adhesion to the dura in L2 laminectomy sites were observed and scored by gross observation. At 4 weeks postoperatively, fibroblast ultrastructure was observed through the use of transmission electron microscope.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Widespread scars formed in the control group. The scars in the autologous free fat and PLGA groups were less compared with the control group, but there was no significant difference between these two groups. In the early stage, the scars in the sodium hyaluronate group were obviously less compared with the autologous free rat and PLGA groups, while in the later period, the difference between them was not significant, but the results from the sodium hyaluronate group were still better compared with the control group. The scars and slight adhesion to the dura were observed in the chitosan/PLGA and IFN/PLGA groups. The effect of preventing scar adhesion in these two groups was remarkably superior to that in the other groups, but there was no significant difference between these two composite membrane groups. At 4 weeks postoperatively, fibroblast morphology and function in the control, autologous free rat, and PLGA groups were better than those in the chitosan/PLGA and IFN/PLGA groups. Chitosan/PLGA and IFN/PLGA composite membranes are effective materials to prevent epidural scar adhesion after laminectomy.

?Color vision has been an important part of the human visual function.It is determined by the phytochrome of cone.In many clinical cases of ocular fundus diseases, patients had color vision loss, which shows that color visions tests is necessary and meaningful.At present, doctors have not paid attention to it and adopt the tests rarely. The article summarizes the tests of color in common use and applications on the diagnosis and treatment for common ocular fundus diseases to be a theory basis.