In order to investigate the role of ?-endorphin in the regulation of immune function,we ob-served in vitro and in vivo effects of ?-endorphinon on mitogen--induced spleen lymphocyte pro-liferation,interleukin—1 and interleukin—2 production,It was found that ?-endorphin at 10~(-8)-10~(-14)mol/L could enhance Con A induced proliferation and interleukin-2 production of spleniclymphocyte in vitro.B—endprphin couled also increase LPS induced interleukin—1 productionby peritoneal macropages.The augmentative effect of ?-endorphin on lymphocyte proliferationand interleukin—2 production was abrogate by naloxone.Intravenous injection of ?—endorphinalso increased the lymphoproliferation,interleukin—1 and interleukin—2 production.Our resultsindicated that ?-endorphin enhanced immune function of rats and this action of ?-endorphin maybemediated by opioid receptor.

The progress of modern science and technology stimulates reformation of teaching.PBL(Problem Based Learning) encourages the students to explore and solve the problems in the learning process.PBL can arouse the enthusiasm and creativity of the students through the carefully designed questions,focused discussions and(related) experiments etc.It can create an easy and active learning atmosphere that can improve the quality of teaching.

Physiological education should lead the student not only to understand the physiological knowledge itself,but also to comprehend the scientific methodology,scientific thought and scientific spirit.In our teaching process,we introduced some creative work of the famous scientists in the physiological history to stimulate the students' interest and ability on creative scientific thinking and practice.

The leading teacher's responsibility system can do a lot of benefits to improving teaching quality,enhance the teacher's sense of responsibility,facilitate the implementation of heuristic and student-specific teaching,and strengthen the relationship between teachers and students,which promotes teaching feedback.

Objective:To compare the effects of Zn~(2+)onthe P2X receptor-mediated,ATP-induced currents in neurons separated from rat superior cervical ganglion(SCG),nodose ganglion(NG),and otic ganglion(OTG).Methods: Whole-cell patch clamp recording technique was used to study the regulatory effects of Zn~(2+) on ATP/??-me ATP-induced currents in the above 3 ganlglion neurons.Results: All SCG neurons responded to ATP with a sustained current,while no neurons responded to ??-me ATP;Zn~(2+) potentiated ATP-induced sustained currents to(1 442?34)% of the original value.All NG neurons responded to ATP and ??-me ATP with a similar sustained current;coapplication of Zn~(2+)(10 ?mol/L) potentiated their responses to(180?12)% and(262?28)%,respectively.All OTG neurons responded to both ATP and ??-me ATP with a sustained current.Coapplication of Zn~(2+)(10 ? mol/L) did not significantly potentiate the sustained currents induced by 10 ?mol/L ATP,but when ATP was at 30 ?mol/L,Zn~(2+)(10-100 ?mol/L) inhibited ATP-induced sustained currents in a dose dependent manner.If TNP-ATP(100 nmol/L) was first used to inhibit ATP-induced current to(26?2)% of the original value,Zn~(2+) at 10 ?mol/L potentiated the inhibited current to(127?9)% of its original value.Coapplication of Zn~(2+)(10 ?mol/L) potentiated ??-me ATP-induced currents to(146?5)% of the control.Zn~(2+)(300 ?mol/L) had no effect on ?_(on) and ?_(off) of ATP-and ??-me ATP-induced(30 ?mol/L) currents in OTG neurons.Conclusion:(1) Zn~(2+) is an allosteric modulator of P2X_(2) and P2X_(2/3) receptors in SCG and NG neurons and can potentiate the currents they induced.(2)The predominant receptor subtypes in OTG appear to be homomeric P2X_(2/3) and a little P2X_(2).Zn~(2+) has an inhibitory effect on the ATP-induced currents in OTG neurons,suggesting some novel members of the P2X purinoceptor exist in these neurons.

Animals ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal ; metabolism ; Myogenic Regulatory Factors ; metabolism ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Running

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Phytotherapy ; methods

Chordoma is a rare low and moderate-grade malignant tumor originated in the embryonic period residual notochord tissue.Due to its critical location, local aggressive nature, and high recurrence, chordoma is not sensitive to radiotherapy and chemo-therapy with poor prognosis .Surgery is the main treatment method .Here we present a review focusing on basic and clinical research progress of chordoma .

Objective To observe and analyse the levels of serum glucose,uric acid and lipid profile in bus drivers in Fuzhou City and provide the necessary information for the reasonable health management of bus drivers.Methods Serum from 3 877 bus drivers of Fuzhou City (3 522 males and 355 females)were collected and detected for the concentrations of serum glucose (GLU),uric acid (UA),cholesterol (CHOL),triglyceride (TRIG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C).Statistical analysis was performed to compare the results.Results The levels and abnormal rates of GLU,UA,CHOL,TRIG and LDL-C of male drivers were significantly higher than that of fe-male drivers (P <0.05).The levels of GLU,CHOL,TRIG and LDL-C of male drivers increased along with the growth of age.And statistical differences were observed among the four groups (<30,31~40,41~50 and >50 years old).The level of UA of male drivers decreased with age while HDL-C invariable.Conclusion The levels of GLU,UA,CHOL,TRIG, HDL-C and LDL-C of male drivers varied and more severe than the female drivers.

Objective:To obtain mutA gene of Strepto c occus mutans (Ms),and to express it in E.coli DH5?.Methods: mutA gene was amplified by PCR with specific primers from genome of Ms CH43 strain. After sequencing, the gene segment was inserted into vector pProEX and expressed in E.coli DH5?.The protein expression was induced by ITPG an d the protein products were examined by 180 ml/L SDSPAGE electrophorosis. Results:The length of PCR product was 147 bp and was identical to mu tA gene reported by GenBank.The mutA gene product was expressed in E.col i DH5? with Mr of 5.7?10 3.The maximum mutA protein product amount (20% of the total bacterial protein) was obtained when the A 600 value of DH5? was 1.666,IPTG concerntration 1.0 mmol/L and induction time 6 h.Conclus ion:mutA of Ms CH43 can be cloned and expressed in E.coli DH 5?.