The liver is a crucial organ involved in immune and metabolic processes.In multiple organ dysfunction syndrome secondary to sepsis, liver is one of the target organs.Sepsis-associated liver injury worsens the prognosis and mortality.MicroRNAs are single-stranded,non-coding RNAs.MicroRNAs modulate gene expression post-transcriptionally by binding themselves to complementary sites of target genes and degradation proteins.MicroRNAs affect sepsis pathogenesis at multiple levels through regulating signaling pathways and inflammation factors in immune reaction, as well as functions of immune cells.Among microRNAs involved in sepsis pathogenesis,microRNA-155 is critical in sepsis associated liver injury and it is sketchily described in this review.

MicroRNAs are small,single-stranded and non-coding RNAs.MicroRNAs modulates gene expression by binding themselves to complementary sites of target genes.It had been discovered that micmRNAs modulate sepsis in multiple levels.Through targeting Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ,miR-152 and miR-148 impair innate response and antigen presentation,and also suppress proliferation of antigen specific CD4 + T cells; miR-29 family regulate cellular immunity through setting the threshold in thymic involution; MicroRNA-17-92 plays a causative role in B cell lineage; miR-146 and miR-155 down-regulate proinflammatory cytokines through suppressing components of pattern recognition receptors,while miR-132 through acetylcholinesterase degeneration.miR-124 degenerates mRNA of glucocorticoid receptorαand results in glucocorticoid resistant in treatment of sepsis.Immune regulation of microRNAs in sepsis is briefly described in this paper.

Objective To investigate the clinical application a small dose of ropivacaine in elderly patients undergoing transurethral resection of prostate (TURP).Methods 84 elderly patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia treated by TURP were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group with 42 cases.The control group was given routine dose of ropivacaine for epidural anesthesia,while the observation group was treated with a small dose of ropivacaine for combined spinal-epidural anesthesia.The anesthetic effect,blood flow dynamic changes and adverse reactions were compared between two groups.Results The highest sensory block level of the two groups was no significant difference (t =1.08,P ＞ 0.05).The highest block time of the observation group was shorter than the control group,there were statistical different significantly between the two groups (t =4.21,P ＜ 0.05).The anesthetic effect excellent rate was 100％ in the observation group and the anesthetic effect excellent rate was 88％ in the control group.It was higher than control group,there were statistical different significantly between the two groups (x2 =5.31,P ＜ 0.05).All indicators were statistical different significantly between the two groups except blood pressure differences.The hypotension and the overall incidence of adverse reactions in the control group were higher than the observation group,there were statistical different significantly between the two groups (x2 =4.09,12.81,all P ＜0.05).Conclusion It has a good anesthetic effect,stable hemodynamics,adverse reactions are mild,motor block is light wait for a characteristic by a small dose ropivacaine combined spinal-epidural anesthesia for elderly patients with TURP.It is worthy to recommend its clinical use.

Sepsis is a high-risk factor for the death of critical patients. High density lipoprotein (HDL) are the major protective serum proteins, and the serum levels of HDL are closely related to the severity of sepsis. The anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation properties of HDL, may be able to play an important role in the innate immune response. Thereby it may reduce the damage of septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in animals or human beings, and improve the prognosis. In order to unveil the metabolism of HDL in septic patients and its effects on both progression and prognosis of sepsis, this review not only focuses on the composition and structure of HDL, but also analyzes its pivotal role in inflammatory immune response and anti-oxidation.

OBJECTIVE To establish a model for chlorpyrifos(CPF)whole-body dynamic inhalation exposure in SD rats and investigate the injury effects after acute exposure by CPF. METHODS By optimizing the aerosol parameters ,the animal acute dynamic inhalation exposure of CPF was established. Absorption sampling-gas phase detecting technology was used to monitor the concentration of CPF in the whole-body dynamic-inhalation exposure cabin by exploring the relationship between the concentration , particle size of CPF aerosol and the CPF inhalation time in the exposure cabin via a particle size detector. Using Bliss method,specific pathogen free SD male rats were allocated to the environment of CPF exposure at different lethal concentrations and time points. The symptoms and deaths of these SD male rats in different groups were recorded within the following 10 d. Based on the median lethal concentra?tion time(LCt50),the values of plasma cholinesterase(ChE)were checked at different time points after being exposed at different doses. RESULTS The mean concentrations of CPF aerosol at nine time points was 160.6 mg · m-3,the relative standard deviation value was 6.9%;the geometrical mean of aerosol particle size was 1.1 μm,and the geometric standard deviation was 1.8. The results met the technical requirements of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development regarding acute inhalation exposure. Under these equipment conditions,the LCt50 of CPF acute inhalation of SD male rats was 1654.2 mg · m-3 · h,suggesting that plasma ChE inhibitory rate was higher with the increase in the exposing dose,and that there was a significant difference as compared with the controls(P<0.05). CONCLU?SION The model for whole-body dynamic-inhalation exposure of CPF is applicable to rats,which can serve as an experimental platform and technical support to inhalation vulnerability and the research on prevention and cure of organophosphate industrial products and nerve agents.

Objective To investigate the effects of trichostatin A (TSA) on Th1 and Th17 cells in the mice model of collagen induced arthritis (CIA).Methods Mice model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was induced in DBA/1 mice with type Ⅱ collagen.Paws were scored for histological severity of arthritis.The severity of inflammation of mice joints was evaluated by histological examination.Real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to determine mRNA of cytokines and transcriptional factors.Serum cytokine production was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).T cell proliferation was examined by MTT method.One-way ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls were conducted in this study.Results The expressions of IFN-γand IL-17 mRNA of the CIA group were higher than that of the control group (8.27±0.64 vs 2.97±0.25,5.80±0.23 vs 0.70±0.26,all P＜0.01),but were inhibited significantly by TSA introduced at the onset of arthritis(6.60±0.52,2.50±0.41,all P＜0.01).Collagen specific T cell proliferation was significantly suppressed by the introduction of TSA.Increased level of IL-4 was observed in TSA treated group compared to that of CIA group(2.10±0.17 vs 1.01±0.08,P＜0.01).Conclusion Th1 and Th17 cells play crucial roles in the lesions of RA.TSA can suppress the progress of CIA by decreasing the percentage of Th1 and Th17.

Objective To compare the differences of personality in patients with depression between Uighurs and Han Chinese.Method Hospitalized depressed patients were selected including 44 cases of Uygur people,73 cases of Han people and Han people with normal control 41 cases.Using Minnesota Multiphasic Per-sonality Inventory(MMPI), Eysenck Personality Questionnai(EPQ) and Cattell's 16 Personality Factor (16PF) to make the survey.Results In MMPI : Uighur depression group's factors F,Hs, D,Hy,Pt,Pa and Sc's T score were all higher than 70,and Han depression group' s factors Hs, D,Hy,and T score of Pa were all higher than 70.Only F (76.98±16.01 vs 67.16±13.51, P＜0.01), Pt(72.09± 14.22 vs 66.82± 11.12, P＜0.05) and Sc (73.43± 13.02 vs 68.62± 11.14, P＜0.05) had statistically significant differences between the two groups.Comparing Han depression group with Han normal control group,only Pd score was not significantly different,the other nine scales were statistically significant (P＜0.01).In EPQ: comparing Uighur depression group with Han depression group,the 4 kinds of scale (extroversion, psychoticism, neuroticism and conceal) differences were not statistically significant (P＞0.05).And Han depression group compared with the Han control group, four scales were statistically significant differences (P＜0.01).In 16 PF: comparing Uighur depression group with Han depression group, only the wisdom of B (P＜0.01) and the independence of the Q2 (P＜0.05) between the two groups were statistically siguificant,other personality dimensions had no significant difference (P＞0.05).Comparing Han depression group with Han normal control group, the factors of gregariousness A, stability C, excitability D,perseverance G, boldness H, sensitivity I,skeptical L,anxiety and O,self-discipline Q3,tension Q4 (P＜0.0l) and experimental Q 1 (P＜0.05) differences were statistically significant, and the factors of Wisdom of B, aggressiveness E, fantasy M, sophisticated sex N, independence Q2 were not statistically significant (P＞0.05).Conclusion The personality model of depression between the Uygur and Han nationality has the consistency of national culture,and differences with normal people.Prompt Uygur and han depression may have a common characteristic of pathological personality model.Uighur and han ethnic differences in national culture and personality is the character of diversity,is not a Uighur and Han the pathological basis of personality of depression.

Subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD) is considered to be the most important and common cause of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). If patients with subcortical ischemic vascular cognitive impairment (SIVCI) and subcortical vascular cognitive impairment (sVCI) can be found early, it is possible that vascular dementia (VaD) can be identified before occurrence and even reverse the process. Recent studies have shown that resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) may provide the objective basis for the diagnosis of SIVCI. This article reviews the application of rsfMRI in the diagnosis of SIVCI.

Objective To investigate the effects of different therapeutic strategies on recurrence of postoperative Crohn's disease (CD) patients.Methods From September 2009 to September 2014,85 CD patients with intestinal resection were enrolled.The clinical features and maintenance therapeutic medication were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into non-treatment group (induding continuously or cumulatively taking medicine less than three months),5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) group and immunosuppressant agents group (including azathioprine,methotrexate and thalidomide).Kaplan-Meier method was performed to compare the recurrence rate in postoperative CD with different therapeutic medication and the risk factors of postoperative recurrence were also analyzed.Results Among 85 CD patients,there were 32,21 and 32 patients in non-treatment group,5-ASA group and immunosuppressive agents group,respectively.After surgery,the one year accumulated clinical recurrence rate of immunosuppressant agents group was 12.5％ (4/32),which was significantly lower than that of non-treatment group (56.3％,18/32) and 5-ASA group (38.1％,8/21),and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =12.250,P＜0.01;x2 =4.102,P =0.043).After surgery,the two years accumulated clinical recurrence rate of immunosuppressant agents group was 12.9 ％ (4/31),which was significantly lower than that of non-treatment group (75.9％,22/29) and 5-ASA group (47.6％,10/21),and the differences were statisitcally significant (x2 =17.840,P＜0.01;x2 =6.597,P=0.010).After operation,the one year accumulated endoscopic recurrences rates of non-treatment group,5-ASA group and immunosuppressant agents group were 39.1％ (9/23),5/16 and 34.6％ (9/26),respectively;while the two year accumulated endoscopic recurrence rates were 59.1％ (13/22),6/16 and 44.0％ (11/25),respectively.However,there was no statistically significant difference among the groups (all P＞0.05).Penetrating lesion was an risk factor of postoperative clinical recurrence in CD patients (x2 =4.963,P=0.026,oddsratio (OR) =2.221,95 ％ confidence interval (CI) 1.121 to 5.775).Conclusions Immunosuppressive agents rather than 5-ASA have remarkable effects in preventing postoperative clinical recurrence in CD patients.Postoperative clinical recurrence is more likely to happen in patients with penetrating lesions.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of propotol against hepatic ischemiareperfusion injury in rats on mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) and the mechanism of GSK-3β.Methods Thirty SD rats were randomly assigned into five groups (n =6):sham operation group (S group),ischemia reperfusion group (I/R group),CsA pretreatment group (C group),propofol pretreatment group (P group),and propofol plus atractyloside pretreatment group (A + P group).Nauta liver ischemia-reperfusion rat model was used.Liver lobes were subjected to warm ischemia for 60min and then reperfusion for 120 min.In P group,propofol [12 mg/(kg · h)] was administered in the femoral vein for 30 min before ischemia until the end of reperfusion.In C group,CsA (2 mg/kg) was administered in the femoral vein for 20min before ischemia.In A + P group,20 μmol/kg of atractyloside was given through the femoral vein 10min before the injection of propofol.Rats were sacrificed at the end of reperfusion,and venous blood and hepatic tissue specimens from the same part of ischemia were obtained from different groups.Results Compared with S group,the AST and ALT levels were increased significantly,mitochondrial swelling were increased and mitochondrial membrane potential were decreased significantly in I/R group and A + P group.Casepase-3 were increased significantly and p-GSK3β Ser9 were decreased significantly in I/R group and A + P group.Compared with I/R group,the content of AST and ALT were decreased significantly,mitochondrial swelling were decreased and mitochondrial membrane potential were increased significantly,casepase-3 release were decreased significantly and p-GSK3β Ser9 were increased significantly in P group and C group.GSK-3β in each group displayed no significant difference.Conclusions Propofol can significantly reduce hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.The protective effect of propofol may be achieved via the inhibition of GSK-3β activation,increased p-GSK-3β Ser9 level,suppressing MPTP opening and decreasing hepatocytes apoptosis.