Adenoviruses, Human ; Child ; Humans ; Orthomyxoviridae ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; virology

Objective To realize the hygienic state of drinking water in the rural areas in Yunnan Province,the scientific evidences would be provided for drawing the policies about improving the drinking water quality in the rural areas.Methods From August to October in 2006,30 counties were randomly chosen among the monitoring counties,in each county at least 10 sampling points were chosen randomly.The questionnaires were employed and the water samples were collected,the quality of drinking water was tested with the related standard methods.Results 8.94 million people were involved in the survey,48.60% of them used surface water as the source of water.52.18% of people were serviced by the central water supply.The eligible rate in 301 water samples in this survey was 36.88%,those of the samples of surface and underground water were 37.60% and 36.36% respectively.The eligible rate of samples from central water supply was 41.85%,higher than that from non-central water supply(P

Now medical undergraduates are faced with a series of problems in the clinical practice.Instructors should work well on students' education work to improve the effect and quality of clinical practice.

According to the training of all levels and all kinds of personnel during our hospital's digital construction and implementation process,this article discussed the training char-acteristic of computer skill and the teaching principle for doctors and nurses

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of modular flexible ureteroscopy combined with holmium laser lithotripsy for the treatment of renal and upper ureteral stones . Methods A total of 97 patients with renal and upper ureteral stones were treated with modular flexible ureteroscopy combined with holmium laser lithotripsy in our hospital from October 2012 to February 2016.Under general anesthesia (90 cases) or epidural anesthesia (7 cases), a flexible ureteroscope was used to find renal or ureteral calculus and holmium laser lithotripsy was applied at a maximum energy of 1.2-1.6 J/10 -12 Hz (12-20 W).F6 or F7 double-J stents and catheters were routinely placed postoperatively .B-ultrasonography , KUB or CT were performed to evaluate the stone free rate 4 weeks after operation . Results Two patients suffered ureteral perforation due to stenosis and tortuosity of the ureter , and were given double-J stent placement under rigid ureteroscopy for 2 weeks and then flexible ureteroscopic treatment .Six patients underwent staged operations because of ureteral strictures .The operations were successful in the remaining 89 patients.Except for unsuccessful exploration in 3 cases of lower calyx calculi , the operation time of other 94 patients was 30-190 min (mean, 100 min).The stone detection rate was 96.9%(94/97), and the stone free rate was 88.6% (86/97).The stone free rates were 100.0% (25/25) for upper and middle calyx calculi, 75.0%(9/12) for lower calyx calculi, and 85.1% (23/27) for pelvis and multiple calyx calculi. Ureteral perforation was encountered in 2 cases.No massive hemorrhage occurred .Postoperative high fever was seen in 5 cases, with a body temperature of 38.5-39.3℃, which were cured after anti-infection treatment for 2 -7 d.The patients were discharged from hospital in 2-7 days (mean, 3.3 days) after operation.Review with B-ultrasonography, KUB or CT at 4 weeks after operation found 5 cases of residual stones >4 mm, including 3 cases located in lower calyx and 2 cases in multiple calyx . Conclusion Modular flexible ureteroscopy combined with holmium laser lithotripsy is effective and safe for the treatment of renal calculi .

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent human malignancies worldwide with very poor prognosis. It is generally accepted that the progression of HCC is a long-term process with accumulation of multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations, which further lead to the activation of critical oncogenes or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. HCC is characterized with multiple cancer hallmarks including their ability to proliferate, anti-apoptosis, invade, metastasis, as well as the emerging features such as stem cell properties and energy metabolic switch. The irreversible alterations at genetic level could be detected as early as in the pre-neoplastic stages and accumulate during cancer progression. Thus, they might account for the cancer initiating steps and further malignant transformation. In addition to genetic alterations, epigenetic alterations can affect the cancer transcriptome more extensively. Alterations in DNA methylation, histone modification, miRNAs, RNA editing, and lncRNAs might result in disrupted gene regulation networks and substantially contribute to HCC progression. In this review, the genetic and epigenetic alterations which significantly contribute to the malignant capabilities of HCC will be updated and summarized in detail. Further characterization of those critical molecular events might better elucidate the pathogenesis of HCC and provide novel therapeutic targets for treatment of this deadly disease.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Disease Progression ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Models, Genetic ; Mutation

A chiral high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed for the simultaneous determination of ibuprofen enantiomers in dog plasma. It was used to study the pharmacokinetics in the Beagle dog after intravenous administration of racemic-ibuprofen, S-ibuprofen and R-ibuprofen. Ketoprofen was chosen as the internal standard. After a simple precipitation using methanol as the precipitating solvent, both analytes and IS were separated on a Kromasil 100-5CHI-TBB chiral column (250 mm x4.6 mm, 5 μm) with isocratic elution using acetonitrile - 20 mmol x L(-1) phosphate buffer (pH 3.0, containing 5% methanol) (6 : 4) as the mobile phase. The detection wavelength was 220 nm. Liner calibration curves for both of the ibuprofen enantiomers were over the concentration range from 0.5 to 50 μg x mL(-1) with a lower limit of quantification of 0.5 μg x mL(-1), the accuracies were all in standard ranges. The intra- and inter- assay precisions were all below 7%. The recovery rate was 93.1% to 100.4%. The experiments proved that the method was simple, rapid and sensitive. It can be used in the quantitative determination of ibuprofen enantiomers in dog plasma. The method was used to determine the concentration of ibuprofen enantiomers in Beagle dog plasma after a single intravenous administration of racemic-ibuprofen, S-ibuprofen and R-ibuprofen (9 mg x kg(-1)) and the pharmacokinetics parameters were calculated based on the concentration-time curves. The C(max) of S-ibuprofen in Beagle dog plasma after a single intravenous administration of racemic-ibuprofen, S-ibuprofen and R-ibuprofen were 30.8 ± 4.7, 46.1 ± 5.9 and 20.0 ± 2.6 μg x mL(-1), respectively. In terms of the exposure of active ingredient, it revealed a significant difference between the administration of S-ibuprofen and the other two groups. The systematical R- to S- chiral inversion was discussed. Comparing the pharmacokinetic parameters at different doses, chiral inversion were 70.1% ± 36.6% and 76.4% ± 36.2%, respectively, after intravenous administration of racemic- and R-ibuprofen. This study provides a theoretical basis for the safety of ibuprofen formula of injection drug.

Objective To discuss the efficacy of intravesical instillation of sodium hyaluronate for the treatment of cystitis glandularis after transurethral resection.Methods 85 patients (9 male and 76 female,age range 37-70 years,mean age 51) who were diagnosed as CG in China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University underwent transurethral resection.After the operation they were divided into three groups randomly according to different intravescal instillation:sodium hyaluronate for group A,epirubicin for group B and no medicine for group C.The group A started to instill with sodium hyaluronate 40mg once a week for four weeks,and then once a month for four months.The group B did the same way of intravesical instillation of epirubicin.All the patients were followed-up for 12 months.The cystoscopy was done every three months to detect recurrence and the clinical symptom score was evaluated at 1,3,6 and 12 months.Results No patients in group A treated by sodium hyaluronate relapsed but 6 cases and 9 cases in group B and group C respectively.Recurrence rate of group A is significant low compared with group B and C (P ＜ 0.05).The scores of clinical symptom score appendix after 1,3,6 and 12 months for group A were (3.18 ± 1.44),(1.29 ±0.66),(1.25 ±0.65) and (1.21 ±0.63),respectively.It was (3.37 ±1.62),(3.33 ±1.59),(1.37±0.74) and (1.30±0.61) for group B,and (3.47±1.81),(3.40±1.52),(3.27±1.41) and (3.23 ± 1.19) for group C.Compare the score of clinical symptom in the same group,there were significant differences for the score after 3 months compare with the score after 1 month in group A (P ＜ 0.05).But in group B,the significant differences showed after 6 months (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in group C (P ＞ 0.05) in the whole year.Conclusions Intravesical sodium hyaluronate therapy can effectively decline the recurrence rate of cystitis glandularis after transurethral resection.It could also significantly improve the urinary tract symptoms.

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is one of the most sensitive and specific laboratory indicators during cardiac dysfunction.N-Terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is the N-terminal precursor of BNP.The functions of both are not consistent,but its physicochemical properties are superior to BNP.Now it has been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment monitoring of cardiovascular diseases.In the field of stroke,the testing and application of BNP,especially NT-proBNP is less.This article reviews the roles of NT-proBNP in cardio-cerebrovascular diseases,especially in ischemic cerebrovascular disease.

Objective To observe the NTBC dependence of Fah-knockout mice and study the biological characteristics in order to use the model more effectively.Methods Examine the progressive changes in body weight, survival time, liver pathology and serological markers after the NTBC withdrawal.Results After removing of NTBC, Fah-knockout mice lost their body weight gradually, and finally died in 5 to 7 weeks, along with increased serum ALT, AST levels and deformation of the hepatocytes.Conclusions Fah-knockout mice have a strong drug dependence of NTBC and could be the ideal model to hereditary tyrosinemia type I and other liver injury.