strains of fast-growing rhizobia isolated from Chinas western (mainly from Qinghai province),and 4 representative strains were compared by performing numerical taxonomy. 132 phenotypic characteristics were analyzed. The results of numerical taxonomy constructed a dendrogram. It shows that all the strains examined clustered into five phena at a similarity level of 79%. 16S rDNA PCR-RFLP were applied to 57 rhizobial strains (among the 61 strains) and 10 reference strains. The 16S rDNA-RFLP analysis described 20 different genotypic characteristics and form one dendrogram. For some large groups, the results of 16S rDNA-RFLP were agreement with that of numerical analysis of phenotypic characteristics.

Objective To observe the difference of gene expression profiles of lung in rats before and after endotoxic shock (ES). Methods A total of 20 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group and lipopolysaceharide (LPS) group ( 10 rats per group). The LPS rat model was made by injecting LPS into tail vein. Six hours after ES, partial pressure of oxygen in the arterial blood ( PaO2 )was measured. Gene expression profiles of the lung in each group were detected by rats oligo gene chip Affymetrix RAT 230A. The expression level of five genes was verified via semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The data were analyzed in combination with type of differential gene and character of ES. Results Compared with control group, PaO2 in LPS group was decreased more significantly (P ＜0.05). Among 15 650 probes detected, 158 genes showed differential expression in ES group in comparison with control group. The expression level of 117 genes was up-regulated while that of 34 genes down-regulated significantly. According to their biological function, differentially expressed genes were classified as inflammation genes, material transporter genes, transcription regulator genes, signal transduction genes, stress response genes, metabolic genes, apoptosis genes and cell adhesion genes. The results of Semi-quantitative RT-PCR of five genes were consistent with those of the microarray examination. Conclusion The expression of many genes of the lung may change in ES rats, especially the inflammatory genes.

Plague is an animal-sourced infectious disease of caused by Yersinia pestis, listed asa Class A notifiable infectious disease in China and an international quarantine infectious disease. It has caused three plague world pandemics in human history. Currently, the natural plague foci are distributed in all continents except Antarctica and Oceania. Madagascar and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) currently have the highest level of human plague epidemic in the world. In the middle of 20th century, human plague was prevalent in China, with an average of 1 400.8 reported cases per year from 1950 to 1954. After 1955, large-scale outbreaks of human plague were effectively controlled, with an average of 24.7 reported cases per year from 1955 to 1999. From 2000 to the present, human cases have not yet disappeared with a cumulative total of 514 cases had been reported. The plague control strategy based on the One Health concept is a more optimal solution, mainly reflected in the "ecological animal surveillance" and "early diagnosis and disposal of human cases" dual approach. Effective animal surveillance can provide accurate prediction and early warning of the risk that may be spread to humans, while early diagnosis and early treatment of human cases can availably control the spread of the epidemic and effectively reduce the case fatality rate simultaneously.

Objective To understand the condition of iodine deficiency disorders,and the iodine nutritional status of population before adjustment of iodine level in edible salt in Liaoning Province.Methods Thirty countries (cites,districts) which were divided into coastal,inland,city,rural areas according to location and population characteristics were sampled by population probability sampling method in the whole province; one township (town,street office) was sampled from each country (city,district); one village (neighborhood) and one school were chosen from each township(town,street office).Forty children aged 8-10 were selected from each school to measure their thyroid volumes and household salt samples were collected to detect their iodine content; fourteen of those 40 children were selected to detect their urinary iodine content.In each village (neighborhood),five drinking water samples were collected in the east,the west,the south,the north and the center positions.Two tap water samples were collected to detect their iodine content if the water supply was centralized.Around each school; three townships were selected,in each township,random urine samples were collected from 5 pregnant women and 5 lactating women to detect their iodine content.Thyroid volume was examined by ultrasound method; the salt iodine was tested by the method of direct titration; iodine content of urine and drinking water was tested by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry.Results Totally one thousand two hundred and nineteen children aged 8-10 were examined; twenty-nine children were diagnosed goiter,and the goiter rate was 2.4％(national standards:＜ 5％).One thousand two hundred and nineteen edible salt samples were tested,and the median salt iodine level was 30.1 mg/kg.The iodized salt coverage rate was 99.3％(1 211/1 219),and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 97.9％(1 194/1 219).Four hundred and eighty urine samples were tested,and the median urinary iodine level was 189.0 μg/L(suitable content of salt iodine was 100-199 μg/L) ; urinary iodine ＜ 20 μg/L accounted for 0.6％(3/480).Ninety-nine drinking water samples were selected,and the average iodine content of the drinking water was (5.9 ± 5.7)μg/L.Four hundred and fifty-one urine samples of pregnant women and four hundred and fifty urine samples of lactating women were selected,and the median urinary iodine level of pregnant women and lactating women was 163.2,151.0 μg/L(suitable contents of urinary iodine in pregnant women and lactating women were 150-249 μg/L,＞ 100 μg/L).The median urinary iodine of pregnant women was 135.4 μg/L in coastal city,138.0 μg/L in coastal rural,168.0 μg/L in inland city,171.1 μg/L in inland rural.The difference of urinary iodine between coastal region and inland region was significant(H =14.287 6,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The iodine nutrition conditions of pregnant women,lactating women and children are adequate in Liaoning Province,but the iodine nutritional status is insufficient in pregnant women from the coastal areas.

Objective To compare the pathological changes of the kidney in two-kidney one-clip hypertension and spontaneous hypertension rats so as to provide some experimental basis for clinical prevention and treatment of primary and secondary hypertension. Methods Conventional histopathology and elastic staining methods were used to observe the morphological changes of kidney tissues and renal arterioles from two-kidney one-clip (2K1C) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) of different weeks of age. Results The blood pressure of 2K1C rats after 4 weeks of operation reached (187?24)mmHg,which was significantly higher than that of controls (P

Objective:To construct an adenovirus vector harboring human basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) cDNA and investigate the expression of bFGF in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro. Methods: The adenovirus expression vector Ad5-bFGF was constructed by homologous recombination technique. The best value of MOI was tested by transfecting human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) with Ad5-GFP. Ad5-bFGF was used to transfect HUVEC at the obtained value of MOI and the expression of bFGF protein was detected by immunocytochemistry method and Western blotting. Results: The best value of MOI for adenovirus 5 to transfect HUVEC was 200 and the transfection rate was 90%. Immunocytochemistry method and Western blotting showed that bFGF was expressed in HUVEC after transfection with Ad5-bFGF and the expression was significantly higher than that in untransfected HUVEC (P

Objective To verify the feasibility and application value of an improved method for determination of urinary iodine by As3+-Ce4+ catalytic spectrophotometry.Methods Adults urine samples were collected,iodine calibration curves of 0-300 μg/L and 300-1200 μg/L were prepared,and urinary iodine was determined by the improved As3+-Ce4+ catalytic spectrophotometric method.Lyophilized human urinary iodine ingredient standards were used to validate linearity and range,limit of detection,precision and accuracy of this improved detection method.Results The linear range of the calibration curve was 0-300 μg/L,the detection limit was 1.8 μg/L,and the range of correlation coefficient was-0.9995--0.9997.When measuring urinary iodine at 40-80,100-149,200-280 μg/L,the relative standard deviations were 1.5％,0.8％ and 0.5％.When measuring urinary iodine at 40-80,100-149,150-180 μg/L,the average recoveries were 97.8％,99.8％ and 96.6％.Two given values of urinary iodine of national standard samples were (73.0± 9.0) and (206.0± 10.0)μg/L,and the results determined by this method were (75.5 + 0.9) and (207.5 ± 1.9)μg/L,and the relative deviation was 3.4％ and 0.7％,respectively,the results determined were all within the given value range.The linear range of the calibration curve was 300-1200 μg/L,the detection limit was 305.2 μg/L,the range of the correlation coefficient was-0.9996--0.9999.When measuring urinary iodine at 300-400,500-600 and 1000-1200μg/L,the relative standard deviations were 0.6％,1.0％ and 0.7％.When measuring urinary iodine at 300-499,500-599 and 600-700 μg/L,the average recoveries were 99.7％,99.2％ and 100.4％.Two given values of urinary iodine of national standard samples were (558.3 ± 3.5) and (884.8 ± 4.7)μg/L,the results determined by this method were (556.0 + 17.0) and (883.0 ± 28.0)μg/L,and the relative deviation was 0.4％ and 0.2％,respectively,the results were all within the given value range.Conclusions This method extends the detection range of iodine concentration,and improves precision and accuracy.This method greatly reduces the amount of arsenic used therefore reduces environmental pollution,which is suitable for promotion.

Objective To study the effect of different iodine nutrition on thyroid function in adult and pregnant women.Methods A random sampling method was used to select healthy adult and pregnant woman from the communities of coastal city,coastal rural and inland rural areas in Liaoning Province.Drinking water,urine and salt samples were collected to measured urinary iodine (U I),salt iodine (SI) and water iodine content.Fasting venous blood was collected to measured thyroid stimulate hormone (TSH),freethyroxine (FT4),free triiodothyronine (FT3),thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) with the method of immunoassay chemical luminescence.Results A total of 150 salt samples were collected,means of SI was (30.1 ± 6.0)mg/kg.A total of 72 pregnant woman and 271 adults were investigated in iodized salt supplied regions.median UI of pregnant woman and adults were 176.3,203.2 μg/L.Iodine nutrition of pregnant women and coastal region adults was in an adequate level.Means of SI of inland adults(244.4 μg/L) was higher than appropriate level but not reached the excessive level.FT4 of the adults (11.7 pmol/L) and pregnant women (10.7 pmol/L) in inland regions were slightly higher than that of coastal city,rural adults(11.2,8.6 pmol/L) and pregnant women (10.9,9.6 pmol/L).TSH,FT3 and FT4 were not statistically different between regions (all P ＜ 0.05).But UI,FT4 and FT3 levels of pregnant women(176.3 μg/L,9.5 pmol/L,4.3 pmol/L) were significantly lower than that of the adults(203.2 pμg/L,11.3 pmol/L,4.7 pmol/L,all P ＜ 0.05).Hypothyroxinemia(4.4％,10/173) was higher than that of the inland adults (2.0％,2/98,P ＜ 0.05).And all hypothyroxinemia were found in women of childbearing age.Hypothyroxinemia prevalence of pregnant women(16.7％,12/72) was higher than that of adults(4.4％,12/271,P ＜ 0.05),The prevalence of hypothyroidism,hyperthyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism between the 3 regions adults and pregnant women were not statistically different (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Under appropriate supply conditions of iodized salt,iodine nutrition and thyroid function are closely related.Pregnant women and women of childbearing age are at risk of iodine deficiency.The thyroid function of these people should be strengthen detect.

Objective To learn more about virulence genes and clonal complex group structure of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VPH)strains separated from aquatic products in East China coastal areas between 2007 and 2012.Methods Seventy-nine strains separated from aquatic products in eastern coastal areas(Guandong,Fujian,Shanghai,Shandong,Jiangsu and Beijing)of China between 2007 and 2012 were identified as VPH by real-time-PCR with gene tlh.Gene tdh,trh and orf8 were also detected.Subgroup analysis and complex analysis were conducted of the VPH strains to build the minimum spanning tree respectively based on ST and pST types.Results In 79 VPH strains,gene tlh was positive while 8.86%(7 /79)of the isolates of gene tdh were positive.The carrying rate of gene orf8 was 8.86%.These 79 strains were of 69 ST types,involving 3 clonal complex and 62 singleton.By amino acid(AA)-multilocus sequence typing(MLST),79 strains covered the 23 pST types,2 clonal complexes and 1 singleton.The 363 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)were divided into 68 patterns.Conclusion VPH strains from aquatic products in eastern coastal areas of China are characterized by high polymorphisms and a low carrying rate of virulence genes.ST3 type is dominating when MLST typing is used while pST1 type is the majority by AA-MLST typing.

[Objective]To explore the operative techniques of open reduction and internal fixation of displaced radial head fractures in adults. [Methods]Twenty-six cases of radial head fractures had been treated with open reduction and internal fixation. According to Mason classification, 16 fractures were type II, 6 were type III and 4 were type IV. Operative exposures of radial head were performed through the Kocher approach in 22 cases, and through a midline posterior skin incision in 4 cases in order to repair concomitant fracture of proximal ulna. After being reduced, fractures of radial head were fixed with mini-fragment plate and screw which were placed in "safe zone" not to impinge on the proximal radioulnar joint with forearm rotation.[Results]At a mean follow-up of 32 months, all fractures had united. There was no patient who suffered from wound infection or injury to posterior interosseous nerve. According to the Broberg and Morrey functional elbow index, the outcome were excellent in 17 patients, good in 9.[Conclusion]Open reduction and internal fixation of displaced radial head fractures may get satisfying outcomes, with successful performing of the requirements below: (1) sustaining lateral ulnar collateral ligament; (2) avoiding injury to posterior inerosseous nerve; (3) getting anatomic reduction; (4) stably fixing fractures without impinging on joint.