Since the fundamental breakthrough in human genomics,gene diagnosis and gene therapy have become a hotspot technology in disease diagnosis and treatment.Scientists in UK and USA have applied the technology of gene screening consecutively to give birth to babies knocked out certain virulence genes,which triggered heated and controversial debates on gene screening technology.How should we see this novel technology,a new hope for human life and health,or a misfortune disaster? What attitude should we hold towards gene screening,to ban it all round,or to take scientific advantage of it? This paper brings forward a series of issues related to the novel technology of gene screening.

Transfusion safety has become a hot issue of social concern because of the diseases and social problems brought about by transfusion. The following three conditions are indispensable to guaranteeing safe transfusion: ①safe blood and blood products; ②safe transfusion techniques and standardized operation; and ③definite laws or rules and regulations. The paper analyzes the various factors affecting transfusion safety and puts forward strategies for its guarantee: perfecting blood collecting and supplying institutions aecording to law and setting up the platform for safe trtmsfusion; establishing and perfecting a system that will guarantee transfusion quality; making rational use of blood and reducing unnecessary transfusion; and increasing input that will guarantee transfusion quality so as to ensure transfusion safetv.

Cysteine protease inhibitor SN (Cystatin SN) is a secretory protein encoded by CST1,with the promotion of cell senescence and apoptosis activity,playing an important role in the regulation of proteolytic activity.Many studies have found that Cystatin SN is abnormally expressed in various kinds of tumors,and is closely related with the tumorigenesis and progression.Cystatin SN may play an important role in the diagnosis and prognosis of tumors.

Based on the context of WHO International Standard Terminology on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region in October, 2007, this paper discusses the international standard of TCM terminology translation on Meridians and Collaterals and proposes some strategies on the cultural inheritance of TCM in its terminology translation.

With growing number of operation with congenital heart disease ( CHD) ,its methods of treatment are paid more and more attention by the surgeons .The article briefly introduced the concept ,development history ,the main clinical applications ,complica-tions,treatment, comprehensive evaluation and prospect of hybrid approach.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the efficacy and safety of levonorgestrel intrauterine system and mifepristone in the treat-ment of perimenopausal dysfunctional uterine bleeding. METHODS:200 patients with perimenopausal dysfunctional uterine bleed-ing were randomly divided into observation group (100 cases) and control group (100 cases). Patients in the observation group placed levonorgestrel intrauterine system (containing levonorgestrel 52 mg),patients in control group received Mifepristone cap-sule 10 mg/d,oral,the treatment course for 2 groups were 3 months. Clinical efficacy,endometrial thickness,menstruation(PBAC score),hemoglobin level before and after treatment and incidence of adverse reaction in 2 groups were observed. RESULTS:After treatment,the total effective rate in observation group was significantly higher than control group,incidence of adverse reactions was significantly lower than control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01). Before treatment,there were no significant differences in the endometrial thickness,PBAC score and hemoglobin level between 2 groups;after treatment,endome-trial thickness and PBAC score were significantly lower than before,and observation group was lower than control group;hemoglo-bin level was significantly higher than before,and observation group was higher than control group,the differences were statistical-ly significant(P<0.01 or P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The efficacy and safety of levonorgestrel intrauterine system are significant-ly superior to mifepristone in the treatment of perimenopausal dysfunctional uterine bleeding.

Objective To investigate the mid-term outcome of high tibia osteotomy (HTO) combined with tibial tuberosity limited rotation in the treatment of disorder of patellofemoral joint with knee varus.Methods HTO was performed in all 42 patients.The lower limb alignment,lateral femoral tibial angle,medial proximal tibial angle,Q angle and TF-TG were measured before and after operation.All the patients with disorder of patellofemoral joint were divided into three types based on preoperative patellar trajectory and TF-TG.According to different types we chose the limided rotation of distal tibia through adjustment of tibial tubercle location to improve patellar track.Type Ⅰ in 10 cases and type Ⅱ in 12 cases only accepted HTO,type Ⅲ in 20 cases accepted HTO and tibial tubercle rotation.The rotation angle was determined according to preoperative imaging results and foot forward angle.Before and after operation patellar tilt angle,patellofemoral angle and lateral patellar angle were measured.Results 42 patients were followed up for more than 5 years,an average of 72.20± 12.60 months (60-88 months).No nerve damage,infection and bone nonunion occurred.The patellar tilt angle was improved from 12.45°±3.76° to 6.98°± 1.78° 5 years after operation.The patellofemoral angle was improved from 12.51°±4.71° to-4.70°±2.57° 5 years after operation,and the lateral patellar angle was improved from 1.50°±4.90° to 7.80°±3.10°.Preoperative lateral femoral tibial angle was improved from 182.45°±2.20° to postoperative 174.60° ±3.50°,medial proximal tibial angle was improved from preoperative 78.75°± 3.50° to postoperative 93.25°±1.95°.The Lysholm score was improved from preoperative 53.10±5.60 to 92.70±5.50.The preoperative IKDC subjective score was improved from 47.50±6.40 to 91.30±6.90.The Kujala score was 62.40±8.70 before operation and 87.30±4.10 5 years after operation.Visual analogue score (VAS) was 7.50±2.45 before operation and 1.50±0.90 5 years after operation.The short and mid-term follow-up,knee patellar trajectory and lower limb alignment was good,postoperative symptoms was satisfactory and acceptable.Conclusion HTO combined with limited rotation of the tibial tubercle could improve patellar trajectory and lower limb alignment to relieve pain,and has satisfactory mid-term outcome in the disorder of patellofemoral joint with knee yarus patients.

Neovascularization plays an essential role in the process of renovation in tissue damage,tumor growth, and hormones action. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is one of the basic hormones that regulate the serum calcium, phosphorus, and bone metabolism. In recent years, studies involving the neovascularization-mediated effects of PTH on metabolism are becoming more and more popular and wider. Based on recent researches, the purpose of this paper is to summarize the changes of angiogenesis while PTH interacts with its target organs, especially interacts with osseous tissue.

Objective: To observe the effects of ginsenoside Rg3 on the invasive and metastatic potentials of mouse melanomas B16 cells in vitro and in vivo, as well as the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Methods: The grafted melanoma and its spontaneous lung metastasis model in mice was established by transplanting with B16 cells. The number of metastatic lesions in the lung was calculated, and the expression of MMP-9 in melanoma tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry, after intraperitoneal injection of ginsenoside Rg3 or 0.9% NaCl solution (as the control). The invasive ability of B16 cells treated with ginsenoside Rg3 was detected by invasion assay, and the expression of MMP-9 was evaluated by immunocytochemistry in vitro. Results: Compared with the control group, the numbers of metastatic lesions in the lung were all decreased in three ginsenoside Rg3 (0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg)-treated groups, and the expression levels of MMP-9 in tumor tissues were also decreased in these three groups ( P<0.05). The numbers of B16 cells invading through artificial basal membrane were both fewer in ginsenoside Rg3 (2.5 and 5.0 μg/mL)-treated groups than those in the control group ( P<0.01), in vitro. Moreover, 5.0 μg/mL ginseno-side Rg3 inhibited the expression level of MMP-9 in B16 cells. Conclusion: Ginsenoside Rg3 can obviously inhibit the lung metastasis of melanoma in mice, and this inhibitory effect may be due to suppressing the invasive ability of B16 cells as well as the expression level of MMP-9.

Objective To study the expression site and the role of low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor(P75) in hepatic stellate cells(HSCs) of fibrotic human and rat liver.Methods Left lobe of liver was removed from CCl-4-induced rats fibrosis model and human fibrotic tissue sample was taken from liver puncture.The tissue specimen was routinely paraffin embedded and expression of P75 was detected by histochemical staining using polyclonal antibody against P75.Additionally,HSCs was cultivated and P75 was immunochemically assayed for P75 binding activity. Results P75 was seen abundantly on cell membrane of the cultured HSCs.In the fibrotic tissue of rat liver as well as human fibrotic liver P75 was also positively expressed.Similarly,P75 was found mainly a hepatocye surface in histochemical staining.P75 was not seen by histochemical staining in the normal tissue of human and rat liver.Conclusion P75 used as a new target for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis.