The development of clinical microbiology laboratory is an essential part in promoting the development of clinical microbiology and the basis rational use of antimicrobial agents.Under the circumstances of national specific rectification of antimicrobials,clinical microbiology laboratory should focus on self-buildup and improvement.The development of clinical microbiology laboratory should focus on development of both software and hardware capabilities for lab examination and diagnosis in an all-round way,enhance the antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance,and emphasize and communication and cooperation between laboratory and other departments e.g.clinical departments,pharmacy department and nosocomial surveillance and control office,making concept translation from past ‘paramedical department' to a ‘platform department',contribute its due share to the rational uses of antimicrobial agents.

This study was aimed to reveal the effector mechanisms of Chinese medicine aconite, ginseng, astragalus and dried ginger on the intervention of adriamycin (ADR) cardiotoxicity model rats. The analysis was made on the interactive relationship between aconite and ginseng, astragalus as well as dried ginger. A total of 72 rats were randomly divided into nine groups. There were eight rats in each group. Except the normal group, rats in each group were intraperitoneally injected with 2.5 mg·kg-1 of ADR according to their body weights. The injection was given once a week and continued for four weeks. The total dosage was 10 mg·kg-1. In the aconite, dried ginger group, the intragastric administration dosage of herbal decoction was 1.75 g·kg-1. The decoction dosage in the gin-seng, astragalus group was 0.875 g·kg-1. The decoction dosage in the Shenfu, Qifu group was 2.625 g·kg-1. The decoction dosage in the Jiangfu group was 3.5 g·kg-1. The intragastric administration was given once a day and continued for four weeks. Indexes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), cardiac troponins (cTn), cytochrome C (CytC), myocardial mitochondria of Bax, Bcl 2, caspase-3, caspase-9 were detected. The colligation score was calculated associating with the close index. One-way ANOVA was given on different indexes and colligation indi-cators among different drug groups and the factorial design variance analysis was given to reveal the drug interac-tions. The results showed that compared with the normal group there were statistical significances among different indexes in the model group (P < 0.05). Aconite, ginseng, astragalus, dried ginger had varying degrees of impact on different indicators. There were statistical significances on the interaction between aconite and ginseng, astra-galus, dried ginger (except Bax). It was concluded that herbal medicine aconite, ginseng, astragalus, dried ginger had certain protective effect to the heart of ADR model rats. The combination of aconite and ginseng, astragalus, dried ginger can enhance the effect compared with a single herb.

Objective To investigate the possibility of reserving uterus during severe postpartum hemorrhage. MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 138 cases of severe postpartum hemorrhage (blood loss ≥2000 ml) from January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2009. Results Among 138 cases of severe postpartum hemorrhage, uterine atony (n= 60, 43. 38 ％ ) was the first cause and the second was placental factor (n= 55, 39.86 ％). The blood loss varied from 2000 ml to 10 000 ml and the mean level was about (3004± 1473) ml. The volume of blood transfusion for these patients varied from 800 ml to 7200 ml. Among these patients, the blood loss of 108 cases reserved uteri was from 2000 ml to 7500 ml, with the average of (2564±932) ml； while for 30 cases performed with hysterectomy, the blood loss was about 2500 to 10 000 ml averagly (4653± 1857) ml (t=8. 57, P=0.00). These patients were divided into two groups according to time series. Twelve cases of hysterectomy were performed during 2003to 2005, and the hysterectomy rate was 0. 47‰; 18 cases of hysterectomy were performed during 2006 to 2009, and the hysterectomy rate was 0. 36‰. The average blood loss of the above two groups was (3783±861) ml and (5233±2124) ml respectively (t=2. 234, P=0. 034). Among all the cases with blood loss ≥ 3000 ml, uteri were reserved in 24 cases with the average blood loss of (3818 ± 1284) ml； while hysterectomy were performed in 27 cases with average blood loss of (4900 ± 1789) rnl (t = 2. 453, P =0. 018). The time for blood loss to 3000 ml in the two groups was (160±129) min and (100±67) min,respectively, and the difference was significant (t=2. 113, P = 0.04).The uteri of six cases with postpartum hemorrhage over 4000 ml were successfully reserved, and average bleeding amount was 5570 ml.Two patients among the 138 women died of amniotic fluid embolism.The perinatal mortality rate was 3. 73％.ConclusionsThe postpartum hemorrhage volume and velocity is the key point to decide whether to reserve the uterus or not.For the population with high risk factors,prophylaxis treatment with prostaglandins should be initiated to reduce the bleeding volume.Uterine packing might be an effective treatment to stop postpartum hemorrhage, especially for those bleeding due to placenta previa.

Objective To observe the clinical curative effect of BudesonideNasal Spray plus Gelomyrtol Forte for acute secretory otitis media.Methods 80 Patients (108ears) and 60 patients (74ears) were treated by BudesonideNasal Spray be bound to Gelomyrtol Forte and Cefaclor Dispersible Tablets res pectively. After 10 days, observe the two groups’s clinical curative effect for acute secretory otitis media.Results The of treatment’s group efficient rate is 99.07, Cefaclor Dispersible Tablets 87.84, and the difference is (?2 =10.68 P0.05), and mild adverse reactions will be disappeared after stoping drugs. Conclusion The of BudesonideNasal Spray puls Gelomyrtol Forte is better than that of Cefaclor Dispersible Tablets for acute secretory otitis media. The mild adverse reaction is the same between the two groups.

AIM: To investigate the clinical effects of phacoemulsification and surgical techeniques in small pupil cataract after filtering operation of glaucoma.
METHODS: Thirty-six cases ( 36 eyes ) of small pupil cataract after filtering operation of glaucoma were underwent phacoemulsification combined with foldable intraocular lens implantation. Postoperative visual acuity, intraocular pressure filtration bleb and complications were observed. The follow-up time was 3mo.
RESULTS: The preoperative uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) or best-corrected visual acuity ( BCVA) ≤0. 3 were in all patients. Postoperativerly, the UCVA or BCVA≥0. 3 after 1wk and 3mo were achieved in 23 eyes (63.89%) and 34 eyes (94. 44%). BCVA was <0. 3 in 2 eyes ( 5. 56%) including optic nerve atrophy of one eye and diabetic retinopathy of one eye. All patients were kept the level of normal intraocular pressure and completed filtering bleb, there were no serious complications.
CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification in small pupil cataract after filtering operation of glaucoma was complex, and reasonable application of operation skills can still achieve better clinical results. The main factor of affecting the visual acuity is pre-existing retinal optic neuropathy.

Objective To investigate the effects of Panax notoginseng saponins(PNS) on penile erection in rats with diabetes-as-sociated erectile dysfunction (ED) .Methods Ninety male Sprague-Dawley rats were established diabetic rats by injecting streptozo-tocin(STZ) ,and observing erectile phenomenon by injecting apomorphine .After 4 weeks of PNS treatment (low-dose ,medium-dose , high-dose group) ,erectile function in each group was assessed by intracavernous pressure (ICP) and mean arterial pressure(MAP) measurement .The level of nitric oxide(NO)and cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP)in cavernous tissue were detected .Immu-nohistochemical staining and TUNEL were performed for detecting endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and apoptosis ,respec-tively .Results ICP and ICP/MAP ratio were significantly increased in medium-dose and high-dose PNS treated groups compared with the diabetic untreated group(P<0 .05) .Compared with the diabetic untreated group ,the expression of eNOS and the levels of NO and cGMP were increased in medium-dose and high-dose PNS treated groups(P<0 .05) .The apoptosis ratecorpus of caverno-sum in 3 PNS treatment groups significantly decreased than the diabetic untreated group (P<0 .05) .Conclusion PNS can recovery the endothelial cell function in corpus cavernosum by adjusting the NO/cGMP pathway and controlling the accumulation of AGEs , and may be used for improving in diabetic ED rats .

Objective:To explore the breakthrough points of pharmaceutical care in the anti-infection treatment by clinical phar-macists. Methods:Using the pharmaceutical care carried out by clinical pharmacists in the treatment of infected patients as the exam-ple, the breakthrough points of pharmaceutical care in the anti-infection treatment by clinical pharmacists were discussed. Results:Clinical pharmacists should be in accordance with the specific clinical conditions to find out such breakthrough points of pharmaceutical care as judging the indications of antibacterial drugs use, assisting in the development of drug therapeutic regimens ( including the choice of species, dosage and solvent, the optimization of PK/PD parameters and the infusion speed) , paying close attention to bacteri-al culture, concerning on drug interactions, monitoring adverse drug reactions and efficacy, providing patient medication education and so on. Conclusion:Clinical pharmacists can participate in anti-infection treatment and carry out individual pharmaceutical care to en-sure the safety and efficacy of drugs.

Objective To investigate the effect of sevoflurane on adriamycin-induced damage to primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes.Methods Primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats (within 24 h after birth) and cultured in DMEM liquid culture medium.The cells were seeded in 96-well plates (200μl/hole) or 6-well plates (2 ml/hole) with a density of 5 × 104/ml and randomly divided into 4 groups (n =24 each):control group (group C),adriamycin group (group A),sevoflurane group (group S) and adriamycin + sevoflurane group (group AS).In groups A and AS,adriamycin 1 μmol/L was added to the cultured medium,the equal volume of PBS was added instead in groups C and S,and the cells were then incubated for 24 h.The cells were exposed to 2.4％ sevoflurane for 2 h starting from 24 h of incubation in groups A and AS.The cell viability,concentrations of cTnI and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in the culture medium,and expression of Bax and Bcl-2 were detected 2 h after the end of exposure to sevoflurane.The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was calculated.Results Compared with group C,the cell viability and expression of Bcl-2 were significantly decreased,while the concentrations of cTnI and NT-proBNP in the culture medium,expression of Bax and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were significantly increased in group A,and the cell viability was decreased in group AS (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of Bcl-2 was significantly higher and the concentrations of cTnI and NT-proBNP in the culture medium,expression of Bax and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were significantly lower in group AS than in group A (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Sevoflurane can reduce adriamycin-induced damage to primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and inhibition of cell apoptosis is involved in the mechanism.

OBJECTIVE To set up a kind of Helicobacter pylori(Hp) detection method which can determine the Hp infection and its clinical value for the digestive diseases.METHODS Gastric biopsy was used with gastric mucosa Hp rapid urease test,Hp-IgG was detected by ELISA,and Hp-DNA of feces by fluorescent gene quantitation method.RESULTS From the 96 patients positively determined by gastric biopsy,the positive rate of Hp-DNA of feces was 95.8%,but the positive rate of Hp-IgG was 47.9%.From the 59 Hp-IgG positive patients,the positive rate of gastric biopsy was 45.8%.CONCLUSIONS Gastric biopsy and HP-DNA quantitation of feces are both reliable methods which can determine the Hp infection,but Hp-DNA quantitation of feces is a simple,rapid,reliable and atraumatic test,it can be put into practice widely and more easily.

Objective: To establsh the quality standard for Fufang Jiangya liniment (Folium Apocyni Veneti, Semen Cassiae, Semen Vaccariae, etc.). Methods: Semen Cassiae, Folium Apocyni Veneti and Semen Vaccariae were identified by TLC. Fructus Coriandri was identified by GC. Chrysophanol and quercetin were determined by RP HPLC. Results: The petroleum ether (boiling range: 30～60?C) n hexane ethyl acetate formic acid (1∶3∶1.5∶0.01) was used as the developer for the identification of Semen Cassiae on silica gel G coating plate. The toluene ethyl acetate formic acid (5∶4∶1) was used as the developer for the identification of Folium Apocyni Veneti and Semen Vaccariae, respectively, also on silica gel G coating plate. By GC, licareol as standard substance, Fructus Voriandri could be identified. By RP HPLC, kromasil C 18 as fixed phase, when methyl alcohol water perchloric acid (80∶20∶0.1) was used as the mobile phase. ( ? =257nm), the average recovery of chrysophanol was 0.0298mg?mL -1 , methyl alcohol 0.5% phosphoric acid solution (1∶1) was used as the mobile phase ( ? =370nm), the average recovery of quercetin was 1.1522mg?mL -1 . Conclusion: The methods established are simple, feasible and reproducible and can be used as the quality standards for Fufang Jingya Liniment.