Diphtheria is an ancient disease.Since the implementation of enhanced program of immunization by WHO in 1978,the global incidence of diphtheria decreased sharply.There were no diphtheria cases reported in recent years in China,but there were still diphtheria cases and outbreak reported in surrounding countries.It is necessary to strengthen the laboratory diagnosis of diphtheria in China to prevent the recurrence and for early detection of emergent and imported diphtheria cases.Here in this review,the laboratory diagnosis of diphtheria and its progress were summarized.

Objective To preparemicroRNA-34 a loaded liposome and evaluate the targeting efficiency for lung cancer stem cells and effect on the treatment of lung cancer. Method The liposomes were prepared by thin film hydration method. The particle size,Zeta potential and entrapment efficiency were evaluated. Stability of liposome in serum was evaluated. The efficiency of cellular uptake on lung cancer stem cells in vitro was evaluated. The anti-proliferation efficiency of miLPs-34 a was evaluated by MTT assay. Tumor spheroids were used to evaluate anti-tumor ability of miLPs-34 a. Lung cancer stem cells were used to build orthotopictumor model, which were used to evaluate the effect of anti-cancer. Results The particle diameter of the miLPs-34 a was (136.55±11.4) nm with the Zeta potential of (21.45±4.55) mV. The entrapment efficiency of microRNA-34 awas 94.6%.the results demonstrated that the liposomes could keep stable in 50%serum for 24 h. miLPs-34 a uptaken by lung cancer stem cells were 3.1 times higher than that of microRNA-34 a(P<0.01). The MTT assay confirmed strong inhibitory effect of miLPs-34 a than microRNA-34 a(P<0.01). the inhibition of tumor spheroid confirmed strong inhibitory effect of miLPs-34 a than microRNA-34 a(P<0.01). The anti-tumor of miLPs-34 a was much more effectively than microRNA-34 a(P<0.01).Conclusion the microRNA-34 a loaded liposome could target to lung cancer stem cells and inhibit the proliferation of lung cancer stem cell. MiLPs-34 a, as a new nanometer drug, has a special application value for the therapy of lung cancer stem cell.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the HPLC method for the content determination of cetirizine hydrochloride gel.METHODS:The assaying was conducted on a SinoChrom ODS-BP column with 0.02 mol?L-1 sodium dihydrogen phosphate-acetonitrile(60∶40)as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1.The column temperature was 25 ℃;the detection wavelength was 231 nm and the sample size was 10 ?L.RESULTS:The linear concentration range of cetirizine hydrochloride gel was 0.100 4～4.016 0 ?g(r=0.999 9)with average recovery rate at 97.85%(RSD=1.57%).CONCLUSI-ON:The method is simple,accurate and reproducible,and it can be used for the quality control of cetirizine hydrochloride gel.

AIM: To study the chemical constituents of Elaeagnus pungens. METHODS: Chemical constituents were separated through chromatographic methods and their structures were elucidated by spectral analysis. RESULTS: Five compounds were isolated from the petroleum ether extract of leaves of Elaeagnus pungens Thunb.Their structures were elucidated as hentriantane(1),lupeol(2),?-sitosterol(3),oleanolic acid(4) and 3,5-dihydroxy4,7-dimethoxy flavone(5). CONCLUSION: Compounds hentriantane(1) and 3,5-dihydroxy-4,7-dimethoxyflavone(5) were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Objective The ability of working memory (WM) is to temporarily hold and manipulate information for cognitive tasks.The aim of this study was to investigate the causal flow distribution of multi-channel electroencephalographs (EEGs) during Sternberg visual WM task to help understand WM mechanism from the view of neural information transform.Methods Sixteen-channel EEGs were recorded from 8 healthy subjects during Sternberg task,total EEG data for 80 trials were recorded and preprocessed.The EEG powers for each channel were calculated via Fast Fourier transform (FFT).The feature channel was extracted based on the maximum power,and the feature frequency band for WM was determined by time-frequency analysis.The directed transfer function (DTF) and the value of causal flow in EEG feature frequency band were calculated.Results The EEG power focused on θ band (4-8 Hz) and at Fz channel.The maximum value of causal flow was located at Fz,and the first 4 maximum negative values of causal flow were at C3,C4,C5,C6.Conclusions The feature frequency band for WM is the θ band.The causal source (responsible region) is at Fz (frontal region) and the causal sinks are at C3,C4,C5,C6.

At present, mesenchymal stem cell treatment mainly applies in local and systematic transplantation, gene therapy combining stem cells, as well as tissue engineering. Based on mesenchymal stem cells are easily separated, cultured, have potentials of fast proliferation, easy exogenous gene's induction and expression, and can maintain multi-differentiation potential throughout long-term culture in vitro, and the quite stable genetic background. Mesenchymal stem cells have widely application prospect in tissue engineering of ophthalmology. At present, domestic and foreign researches have had massive evidences that mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into cornea and retina cells. The application of mesenchymal stem cells in the anterior eye is usually by dint of a kind of carrier, such as amniotic membrane, fibrin gel membrane and so on. Moreover, the temperature sensitive culture dish has made the non-carrier transplantation of ocular surface stem cells. The application of mesenchymal stem cells in the posterior eye mostly concentrates in seeking for the feasible treatment of retinitis pigmentosa. Researches are mature on mesenchymal stem cells as seed cells acting on damaged tissue in ocular repairs and regeneration. But its oncogenicity and the security are waiting for further solving.

A lot of basic and clinical studies have proved that limb remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPre) is a safe and effective means reducing perioperative myocardial reperfusion injury .However ,RIPre possesses specific protec‐tive window .Therefore ,researchers used repeated limb RIPre to prolong the protective window in order to explore a new prevention and rehabilitation measure for cardiovascular diseases .

Objective To analyze the clinical methods of type Ⅲ Pilon fracture internal fixation. Methods The internal fixation with steel plate were performed in 36 cases with Ruedi-AllgoWer type, Ⅲ Pilon fracture and all patients had early post-operative rehabilitation functional exercise. Results Thirty-six cases were followed up for an average period of 16 months. The fracture healed completely in all cases and the successful rates of good function reached 88.9% (32/36) according to YU Guang-rong's evaluation standard. Conclusion For Ruedi-AUgower type Ⅲ Pilon fracture, appropriate surgical time combined with internal fixation with steel plate and early post-operative function exercise showed satisfactory therapeutic effect.

Objective To evaluate the similarity of dissolution profiles of self-produced and original drug cefuroxime axetil tab-lets.Methods Based on the dissolution detection method in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia,the dissolution behaviors of the self-pro-duced preparation and original drug were investigated in pure water,0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid,0.05 mol/L hydrochloric acid, pH4.5 and pH6.8 medium and the rotation speed of 50,25,75 r/mim.The stripping curves were evaluated by the f2 factor method. Results In the rotation speed of 50 r/min,the f2 factors in different mediums were 57.65,79.17,73.56,66.83 and 62.33 respec-tively;the medium was 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid with the rotation speed of 25,75 r/min,the f2 factors were 65.35 and 78.48 re-spectively.Conclusion The stripping curves of self-produced preparation and original drug are similar under various conditions.

BACKGROUND:Traditional treatment of tibia and fibula fractures complicated with skin soft tissue defect is mainly external fixation, wound debridement and dressing plus skin graft or skin flap transplantation after the infection is control ed and granulation grow. This method is disadvantageous due to high cost, great pain, long hospitalization stay, infection and necrosis, even the possibility of amputation.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the clinical efficacy of vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) and external fixator in the treatment of tibia and fibula open fractmes complicated with skin defects.
METHODS:A total of 38 patients with severe open fractures of tibia and fibula complicated with skin defects were selected from Benxi Central Hospital between January 2009 and September 2013. The size of skin defects was more than 5 cm2. After external fixation, the patients underwent complete debridement and dressing, fol owed by VSD treatment for 5-7 days. After granulation tissue grew and the wound became fresh, the patients received intermedite thickness skin graft. And 15 cases treated without VSD were retrospectively selected, serving as control group. The infection control rate and wound healing time in the two groups were compared.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After 5-7 days of VSD treatment, VSD dressings were removed, wound infection was control ed, local wound granulation tissue was fresh. Both the wound and fractures were healed wel , no osteomyelitis or amputation occurred. Among the involved 38 patients, 23 cases were cured, 12 cases were effective, and three cases were ineffective. The total effective rate showed significant differences compared with the control group (92%vs. 53%;P<0.05). VSD can completely remove the wound secretions and necrotic tissue, improve local microcirculation, eliminate the infection, VSD plus external fixator and skin grating is a simple and effective method in treatment of tibia and fibula open fractures with soft tissue defects.