AlM:To evaluate the long-term efficiency and safety of overnight orthokeratology in myopia correction and control in adolescents.METHODS: Sixty-five myopia adolescents treated in our hospital from August 2011 to February 2012 were retrospectively analyzed and followed up to 2a. Among them, 35 cases ( 67 eyes ) wearing overnight orthokeatology were included as trial group, and 30 cases ( 60 eyes ) wearing spectacles were included as control group. The trial group were divided into 2 subgroup according the myopic grading in the initial visit:subgroup A(35 eyes,≤-3. 00D), B subgroup (32 eyes,>-3. 00D and ≤-6. 00D). ln the trial group, slit lamp, visual acuity, refraction, intraocular pressure, corneal tomography were collected before wearing overnight orthokeratology, 1d, 1wk, 1month, 3mo, and every 6mo after wearing overnight orthokeratology , with axial length, corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, corneal endothelial cell count, abjective refraction and tear film were also collected before and 2a after wearing overnight orthokeratology. ln the control group, slit lamp, visual acuity, refraction and intraocular pressure were collected before wearing and 2a after wearing spectacles. Paired t test were used to compare the intragroup difference. One-way analysis of variance ( ANOVA) was used to compare the differences among the groups. P<0. 05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS: The uncorrected visual acuity of the trial group was improved obviously after wearing Orthokeratology Lens 1d, the visual acuity of a group patients improved more significantly. The corneal curvature ( including vertical curvature and horizontal curvature ) of the trial group became more flat after wearing Orthokeratology Lens 2a and stopped 2 wk; The length of ocular axis was also increased, the growth rate of B group (0.33±0.31)mm was lower than that of group A (0. 43±0. 25)mm; Subjective refraction of myopia was increased 0.68±0.49D than wearing Orthokeratology Lens before, but compared with the growth (2. 08 ± 0. 57) D of the control, the effect of myopia control was more obviously. Grade of dry eye was more severely than that of wearing Orthokeratology Lens before, but there was no significant difference between groups A and B. Compared with wearing Orthokeratology Lens before, corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, corneal endothelial cell number and the intraocular pressure were all no significant differences between the trial and control group.CONCLUSlON: Orthokeratology is a safe and effective method for the correction of myopia, and long-term use of Orthokeratology Lens can effectively control the development of myopia. Controlling of moderate myopia is more effective than that of low myopia.

Cancer stem cell hypothesis has become a new theory. According to this theory, cancer stem cells play a decisive role in car-cinogenesis, progression, and metastasis. This theory offered new ideas and strategies for cancer treatment. However, only a small fraction of cells in a tumor were cancer stem cells. Therefore, the identification and enrichment of these cells are significant challenges for numerous researchers conducting further study. Micro-sphere culture has been an effective tumor stem cell enrichment technolo-gy in recent years. The application of this technique makes the cancer stem cell research process easy. In addition, it makes the evalua-tion of tumor progression and prognosis of patients in clinical possible. This article will focus on the applications of this technology, and microsystem integration will be described in detail.

With the wide application of Chinese herbal medicine, herb-drug interaction (HDI) has become increasingly prominent. Metabolic enzymes and transporters are the main targets of HDI, because the changes in expression and function of enzymes and transporters can influence the disposition of drugs. Metabolic enzymes are responsible for the metabolic clearance of drugs, including cytochrome P450 (CYP), UDP-glucuronyl transferase (UGT) and sulfotransferases (SULT); transporters widely expressed in the intestine, kidney, liver and brain are involved in the oral absorption, distribution and excretion of drugs. Pueraria, ginkgo, ginseng, St. John's wort and other Chinese herbal medicine often induce a HDI because those herbal medicines combined with chemical medicine are widely used in clinic. The components of herb medicines mentioned above are prone to interact with enzymes and transporters, which often induce a HDI. This paper reviews the advances in the study of enzymes and transporters-mediated pharmacokinetic mechanism of HDI.
Biological Products ; Biological Transport ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; physiology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Ginkgo biloba ; Glucuronosyltransferase ; physiology ; Herb-Drug Interactions ; Humans ; Membrane Transport Proteins ; physiology ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Panax ; Plants, Medicinal ; Pueraria

Drug transporters are functional membrane proteins located in various tissues, which play vital roles in absorption, distribution and excretion of drugs, especially those located in intestine, liver and kidney. The expression and function of transporters will alter in diseases state, which affects the therapeutic effects of drugs by altering their pharmacokinetics. In this review, we focus on the alterations in related transporters and the effect on the drug therapy in common intestinal diseases, liver diseases, kidney diseases and diabetes mellitus.
Biological Transport ; Diabetes Mellitus ; pathology ; Humans ; Intestinal Diseases ; pathology ; Intestines ; Kidney ; Kidney Diseases ; pathology ; Liver ; Liver Diseases ; pathology ; Membrane Transport Proteins

Multidrug regimens and corresponding drug interactions cause many adverse reactions and treatment failures. Drug efflux transporters: P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance associated protein (MRP) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) in conjunction with metabolizing enzymes (cytochrome P450, CYP450) are major factors in such interaction. In recent years, a large number of studies have shown that P-gp plays a role in the oxidative metabolism of its substrates that are also substrates of CYP3A4. Combined actions of P-gp and CYP3A could account in some part for the low oral bioavailability determined for many of these dual substrates. P-gp along with efflux transporters (MRP and BCRP) having overlapping substrate specificity plays critical role in drug disposition. The relationship between MRP or BCRP and CYP3A is similar to that between P-gp and CYP3A. In this paper, we summarize the classification of efflux transporters, the main metabolizing enzymes CYP3A, clinical significance interactions mediated by efflux transporters and CYP450 enzymes and in vitro studies.
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family G, Member 2 ; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ; metabolism ; ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; metabolism ; Biological Availability ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A ; metabolism ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; metabolism ; Drug Interactions ; Humans ; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism ; Substrate Specificity

Objective To explore diagnosis and prognosis of heart failure in children by measuring brain natriurettic peptide(BNP) and cardiac troponin I(CTnI).Methods Forty-one children subjects with heart failure were chosen,and then they were divided into three stages,early stage of heart failure,stage of heart failure and stage of recovery according to the ROSS cardiac function score method.In contrast with the former group,41 healthy children were chosen as control group.BNP and CTnI levels of blood plasma were analyzed by radioimmunoassay(RIA) and chemiluminescent immunoassay(CLIA) respectively,the relationship between the BNP level of blood plasma and prognosis of CHF group was analyzed.Results At early stage of heart failure,BNP and CTnI levels began to rise.They amount to highest peaks at stage of heart failure and went down at stage of recovery.But they were still higher than those of control group(P

Diabetic macular edema(DME)and age-related macular degeneration(ARMD)are the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness worldwide, and their common pathological features are increased vascular permeability and abnormal neovascularization, in which cytokines such as vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and angiopoietin-2(Ang-2)play an important role. Intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agents significantly changed the clinical management of DME and ARMD, but limitations such as the non-responsive cases, the treatment burden and risks caused by frequent injections need to be overcome. Faricimab, a novel bispecific monoclonal antibody that simultaneously targets VEGF-A and Ang-2, can effectively reduce vascular permeability, decrease the number of neovascularization and alleviate retinal edema. Registered clinical studies have shown that Faricimab is effective in improving vision and reducing retinal edema, which is non-inferior to Aflibercept and Ranibizumab, maintains a long dosing interval, and has a high safety profile. This article reviews the latest advances in the treatment of DME and ARMD with Faricimab.

China ; Humans ; Laser Therapy ; Male ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; surgery

Calcium ; metabolism ; Growth Substances ; metabolism ; Humans ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Taurine ; therapeutic use

China ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Physical Fitness ; Students