Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus(T2DM) is classified as two types according to somatotype,one is obesity or overweight,the other is normal or emaciation.It can also be classifi ed as two types according to symptoms,one is accompanied with typical syndromes(polyuria,polydipsia,polyphagia and weight loss),the other one is not.Generally speaking,the typical syndrome is not obvious among the patients with obesity or overweight,which is coincident with the theory about stuffy and fully sensation in the middle energizer and interior heat mentioned in emperor’s internal classic.So the therapeutic method is regulating the function of the middle energizer,evacuating full and stagnation,resolving phlegm and removing pathogenic heat.The typical syndrome is obvious among the patients with normal bodily form or emaciation,which is according with the traditional theory about defi ciency of yin and dryness-heat.So the therapeutic method is nourishing yin and clearing heat.The two types above are absolutely different.

QOL(quality of life) is not only one of the most important parts among the four clinical therapeutic evaluations,but also the main measurement tool to evaluate the clinical therapeutic efficiency of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus(T2DM).Based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine,specific QOL assessment scale of TCM for T2DM should be made to evaluate the therapeutic efficiency.The assessment scale is a necessary to study T2DM of TCM.As far as TCM treating T2DM is concerned,it can also provide evidence of clinical therapeutic evaluation.

This anrticle analyses CT manifestation of 44 patients with obstructive jaundice demonstrated by surgical operation and pathological examination. It indicates that aocording to the distention of the biliary ductal system, the assured rate of the diagnosis may be attained to 100%. Aocording to the distensible range of the billiary ductal system, the assured rate of the diagnosis in the obstructive sites is 88.6 %. In combination with the disease history and the obstructive sites and the form changes of the obstructive sites, the assured rate of the diagnosis of the disease, causes is 81. 8%. This paper indicates that the malignant tumor is the main cause of the biliary ductal system obstruction. It aocounts for 72. 7%.

Objective To establish the determination method of Tubeimoside Ⅰ in Jiazhongxiao preparation and serum of rat. Methods RP-HPLC/UV method was used as follows:Diamonsil C18 column (250 mm?4.6 mm, 5 ?m) and Easyguard column, methanol-water (65∶35) as mobile phase with flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, UV detection at 214 nm. Results The mean recovery rates of Tubeimoside Ⅰ in preparation and serum of rat were (103.49?3.49)% and (104.70?4.69)% respectively. The linearity of Tubeimoside Ⅰ was shown in the range of 1.18～88.5 ?g/mL. Tubeimoside Ⅰ in preparation and serum of rat were 995.3 ?g/g and 3.19 ?g/mL. Conclusion The method was simple, reliable and rapid. It’s quite suitable to be used in the analysis of Tubeimoside Ⅰ in Jiazhongxiao preparation and serum of rat.

Objective: To discuss the purposes and methods of determining and employing operational intervention levels in preparedness and response for a nuclear emergency. Methods:According to the safety standards and technical reports issued by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and combined with specific conditions in China, the operational intervention levels suitable for applying in China are analyzed. Results: The newly published IAEA technical report provided special operational intervention levels for emergency at a light water reactor. The recommended values are practical that our country can use for reference. Conclusion: It is suggested that the related branches for response to nuclear emergency in China establish feasible operational intervention levels by referring to the IAEA reports and taking into account the special conditions of nuclear facilities in China, in order to improve the capability of medical response to nuclear emergency.

E2Fs transcription factors can control transcription of genes involved in cellular proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis.So far,in mammals,E2F family has seven identified members,E2F-1,E2F-2,E2F-3,(E2F-4),E2F-5,E2F-6 and E2F-7,and each of has special function.Recently,many investigations have demonstrated that E2F-1 has an apparently unique capability to induce apoptosis,and its functions relate to P53、P73、APAF-1、Caspase3 、Caspase7、BcL-2 family members、DIP、SIVA 、NF-?B factor and so on.According to the dependence on P53,molecular mechanisms of E2F-1 induced apoptosis are classified as both P53-dependent and P53-independent.Therefore,(E2F-1) is a novel target site of tumor genetherapy.

Objective To improve the applied value of Multi-slice CT (MSCT) in the diagnosis and treatment of the colonic tumours.Methods MSCT axial images reconstruction 4-D,MIP and CT virtual colonoscopy (CTVC) in 30 patients with colonic tumours proved histologically were analysed and compared these results with that of barium enema and colon endoscopy.Results The diagnostic correctly rate in this group was 100% by MSCT,while the diagnostic rate by CTVE and colon endoscopy was basicly identical.Conclusion MSCT is recommended for the diagnosis and treatment of the colonic tumour.

Objective To discuss the clinical effects of internal fixation with pubic nails and sacroiliac screws aided by 3D navigation for pelvic fractures of Tile type B2 or B3. Methods A total of 27 patients with pelvic fracture of Tile type B2 or B3 received operative treatment in our hospital from De-cember 2013 to December 2016. They were 15 men and 12 women, aged from 20 to 68 years ( average, 39. 2 years ) . According to the Tile classification, 12 cases were type B2. 1, 8 type B2. 2, and 7 type B3. Of them, 20 were unilateral pubic rami fractures and 7 bilateral pubic rami fractures; there were 3 dislocations of the sacroiliac joint, 17 fractures of the sacral Denis regionⅠ, and 7 fractures of the sacral Denis regionⅡ. All the 27 cases were treated by internal fixation with retrograde pubic nails and sacroiliac screws aided by 3D navi-gation. Quality of fracture reduction, functional recovery of the pelvis and postoperative complications were recorded to evaluate the clinical effects. Results Totally 26 out of the 27 patients were followed up for 6 to 18 months ( average, 11. 4 months ) , with one lost to the follow-up. According to the Matta scoring, the pelvic reduction was evaluated as excellent in 20, as good in 4 and as fair in 2 cases, yielding an excellent and good rate of 92. 3％. All the fractures united after 12 to 20 weeks ( average, 13. 8 weeks ) . According to the Majeed scoring at the final follow-ups, the pelvic function was evaluated as excellent in 20, as good in 3 and as fair in 3 cases, giving an excellent and good rate of 88. 5％. Screw loosening happened in one patient who had ambulated too early. No permanent pain, wound infection, neurovascular injury, heterotopic ossification or thrombosis occurred. Conclusion For the treatment of pelvic fractures of Tile type B2 or B3, internal fixation with pubic nails and sacroiliac screws aided by 3D navigation can lead to satisfactory short-term outcomes due to advantages of limited operative invasion, short operation time and limited intraoperative blood loss.

Objective To analyze clinical outcome of anterior atlantoaxial transarticular screw fixation in treatment of atlantoaxial instability.Methods Thirty-two patients with atlantoaxial instability treated between March 2004 and June 2009 were enrolled in the study.The patients consisted of 21 males and 11 females,at age of 22-64 years (mean 49 years).Atlantoaxial instability was attributed to old odontoid fracture in 10 patients,free odontoid malformation in 16,transverse ligament rupture in two,and rheumatoid arthritis in four.Anterior atlantoaxial transarticular screw fixation under monitoring of cortical somatosensory evoked potential (CSEP) was performed for all patients.Operation time,intraoperative blood loss,and complications were recorded.Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scoring system was used to evaluate neurologic function preoperatively and at one year postoperatively.Results Operation lasted for average 98 minutes and intraoperative blood loss averaged 110 ml.Injuries on esophagus,nerve and vertebral arteries as well as leakage of cerebrospinal fluid were not observed in operation.All patients received a follow-up of 12-31 months.JOA score was increased from preoperative 9.8 points to 15.8 points at one year postoperatively,with improvement rate of 83％.Bone fusion and satisfactory internal fgxation were achieved in all patients.Hypoglossal nerve injury symptom was found in two patients postoperatively and was recovered two months later.Conclusion Anterior atlantoaxial transarticular screw fixation is an effective treatment for atlantoaxial instability.

Objective To compare the clinical effect of digital orthopedic three-dimensional visualization technology combined with image-based computer navigation and simple image-based computer navigation for percutaneous screw fixation of acetabulum anterior column fractures.Methods A retrospectivecase-control analysis was made on 19 cases undergone percutaneous screw fixation of acetabular anterior column fractures under image-based computer navigation from January 2015 to 2016 March.There were 12 males and 7 females,aged from 21 to 66 years (mean,39.3 years).AO fracture classification was A3 type in 17 cases and B1 type in 2.Based on the application of three-dimensional digital programming,the cases were assigned to two groups:group A (n =9),virtual three-dimensional model was reconstructed and the virtual screw were inserted to uninjured side by software Mimics and group B (n =10),patients were only prepared for routine preoperative preparation.Time of anterior column screw insertion,intraoperative bleeding,intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency,fracture reduction and Majeed score were compared between the two groups.Results All cases were followed up for mean 8.4 months (range,3-12 months).There were no significant differences between groups A and group B in iutraoperative bleeding [(14.1 ± 3.0) ml,(15.1 ± 2.2) ml],good to excellent rate of reduction (89％,80％),good to excellent rate of Majeed score (89％,80％) (P ＞ 0.05).Time of anterior column screw insertion [(22.4-± 3.4) min] and intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency [(24.9 ± 3.8)times] in group A were significantly less than those[(29.4 ± 4.5)min,(30.5 ± 5.8)times] in group B (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Digital orthopedic three-dimensional visualization technology is associated with shortened time of anterior column screw insertion and reduced intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency,indicating an effective adjuvant technique for percutaneous screw fixation of acetabulum anterior column under navigation.