Objective To investigate the characteristics,the incidence, relative factors of antibiotic associated diarrhea (AAD),and prevent and control it. Methods Retrospective analysis was performed in 78 patients with AAD. Results Prevalence ratio of AAD was 9.3%, the risk of AAD related to the kinds of using mix antibiotics and period of treatment, using many meddle measures for medical and age.The antibiotics causing AAD were extending penicillin or third cephalosporins, penicillin, carbapenemases, second cephalosporins.Conclusions Rational use of antibiotic,control use of antibiotic and reduce the state of consciousness are the key measures to prevent and control the AAD.

AIM: To measure the concentrations of angiotensinⅡ(ATⅡ) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in plasma of diabetics and investigate the relationship between ATⅡ and VEGF and the role of VEGF in occurrence and development of diabetic nephropathy(DN). METHODS: 98 type Ⅱ diabetics were divided into two groups: 43 were in diabetic nephropathy group and 55 in non-diabetic nephropathy (NDN) group, and 25 healty persons were in control group. We measured the levels of ATⅡ, VEGF, glycosylated hemoglobinC (GHbAlc) in plasma and urinary microalbumin(UmALB), respectively. RESULTS: The levels of ATⅡ, VEGF, HbAlc and UmALB in DN group and NDN group were increased significantly compared with control group( P

Objective To study the metabolic characteristic of prostate cancer(PCa) in peripheral zone (PZ) with three-dimensional proton MR spectroscopic imaging (3D MRSI),and to evaluate the value of 3D MRSI in the differential diagnosis of prostate cancer in PZ. Methods 3D MRSI findings were reviewed in 18 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) cases and 21 PCa cases.(Cho+Cre)/Cit and Cho/Cre ratios of PCa and PZ of BPH were retrospectively measured,(Cho+Cre)/Cit and Cho/Cre of PCa voxels were compared with BPH voxels. Results PZ of BPH showed dominant Cit,which was markedly higher than Cho and Cre. Significantly higher choline levels and lower citrate levels were observed in PCa compared with that of BPH. It showed statistically significant difference between (Cho+Cre)/Cit ratios of PCa voxels and BPH voxels,PCa voxels had minimal overlap with BPH voxels. It also showed statistically significant differences between Cho/Cre ratio of PCa voxels and BPH voxels,but there was some overlap between two groups. Conclusion 3D MRSI can be successfully applied to the diagnosis of cancer in the PZ on the basis of the elevation of Cho and the reduction Cit in cancerous tissue compared with that of PZ tissue of BPH.

Objective To explore CT,MRI findings of extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (EMC).Methods Imaging information of all 8 cases of EMC verified by pathology were retrospectively analyzed.Results The location of lesions included lower extremity in 4 cases,forearm in 1 case,trunk in 2 cases and right lung in 1 case.The CT examination was performed in 7 cases,and 5 cases contained different patterns of ring-and-arc,granular,clump or irregular streaky mineralization.Dense calcification was detected in 3 cases,and focal in 2 cases.The nonmineralized component had slightly lower attenuation on CT scans than adjacent muscle.Four cases of peripheral located EMC demonstrated isointense on T1 WI,and mixed signal intensity on T2WI.For the cases of fine and dense calcification in 2 cases,numbers of dot-like low-intensity signals were detected resembling “pepper sign”; while for the cases of focal mineralization in 1 case,the low intensity area was located centrally in the high intensity area.Heterogeneous enhancement was found both in the calcified and uncalcified areas.One case of central located tumor exhibited low and high intensity on T1 and T2 weighted images,and nodual enhancement was observed.Conclusion EMC has several characteristic imaging features,including various mineralization pattern,enhancement of calcified area and signal intensity,which might have diagnostic value for this rare tumor.

Objective To prepare serum calibrators for CRP measurement.Methods Fresh serum without infectious diseases , hemolysis, lipemia and choloplania were collected and divided into 3 groups, low, medium, and high, according to the CRP concentration.Each serum pool was mixed , filtered, sterilized and aliquoted.The materials were tested for homogeneity and stability.The values of the CRP was assigned by particle enhanced immunonephelpmetry , and calibrated with international reference materials.The expanded uncertainty was evaluated.Results The materials were tested to be homogeneous (Ubb﹤Ur, P>0.05) with Ubb values being 0, 0.125, 0, Ur values being 0.046, 0.213, 0.785, and F values being 0.803, 1.686, 0.966 in CL, CM, CH groups respectively.Stability study, where F values are 0.609, 0.259, and 1.557 at 22-25℃, 1.217, 4.583, and 0.893 at 2-8℃(P>0.05), showed that the materials were stable for at least 3 days at 22-25 ℃or 30 days at 2-8 ℃, respectively.The certified values of the 3 levels materials for CRP were ( 2.64 ±0.14 ) , ( 31.17 ±0.63 ) , ( 73.85 ±1.74 ) mg/L, respectively.Conclusion The calibrators prepared for serum CRP measurement were homogeneous , stable and accurately assigned and can be used to calibrate the CRP measure system.

Researches have shown that melatonin is neuroprotectant in ischemia/reperfusion-mediated injury. Although melatonin is known as an effective antioxidant, the mechanism of the protection cannot be explained merely by antioxidation. This study was devoted to explore other existing mechanisms by investigating whether melatonin protects ischemia/reperfusion-injured neurons through elevating autophagy, since autophagy has been frequently suggested to play a crucial role in neuron survival. To find it out, an ischemia/reperfusion model in N2a cells was established for examinations. The results showed that autophagy was significantly enhanced in N2a cells treated with melatonin at reperfusion onset following ischemia and greatly promoted cell survival, while autophagy blockage by 3-MA led to the shortened N2a cell survival as assessed by MTT, transmission electron microscopy, and laser confocal scanning microscopy. Besides, the protein levels of LC3II and Beclin1 were remarkably increased in ischemia/reperfusion-injured N2a in the presence of melatonin, whereas the expression of p-PKB, key kinase in PI3K/PKB signaling pathway, showed a decrease when compared with untreated subjects as accessed by immunoblotting. Taken together these data suggest that autophagy is possibly one of the mechanisms underlying neuroprotection of melatonin.

Objective To obtain different fragments of human carboxypeptidase H,and evaluate the diagnostic application of the recombination carboxypeptidase H in detecting autoantibody.Methods The coding gene of carboxypeptidase H was ob-tained by RT-PCR.The corresponding prokaryotic expression vectors were constructed and transformed into E.coli to in-duce the expression of the recombination different fragments of carboxypeptidase H.Using these antigen fragments as the coating antigens,the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)was established for the detection of carboxypeptidase H autoantibody in 95 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients.Results Three fragments of human carboxypeptidase H were obtained,in which the 42~476aa fragment antigen was ideal one.Using the full-length carboxypeptidase H as coating anti-gen,the positive rate of carboxypeptidase H autoantibody was 8.42%.Conclusion Because of the favorable antigenicity,the 42~476aa fragment antigen of carboxypeptidase H could be the candidate antigen for discrimination and diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults.

This paper aimed at studying the effects of hyaluronic acid (HA) with different molecular weights on the transdermal absorption and retention of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the isolated skin of SD rats. Franz diffusion cell method was used to investigate the effects with different molecular weights HA on the in vitro transdermal penetration of GSH and the storage in different layers of the skin. AutoDock molecular docking was used to study the interaction between GSH and HA. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and H&E section staining were used to characterize the changes and effects of lipids and proteins in the rat stratum corneum after HA acts on the skin. The results of in vitro transdermal experiments showed that HA with different molecular weights had a significant impact on the amount of GSH passing through the skin, that as the molecular weight of HA increased, the effect of preventing GSH from passing through the skin became stronger, that in terms of skin storage, HA with different molecular weights could increase the storage of GSH in the stratum corneum, and that HA with a molecular weight below 7K could also significantly increase the storage of GSH in the dermis. The molecular docking results showed that HA and GSH had a relatively strong interaction, which could form intermolecular hydrogen bonds; and the results of ATR-FTIR and H&E staining showed that HA could interact with lipids and keratins in the stratum corneum of the skin. Such interaction can increase the permeability of the stratum corneum of the drug, however, as a water-soluble GSH, it may be involved in the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds with HA. In the structure of HA hydrogel, the amount of GSH drug passing through the intact skin is reduced; but at the same time, this interaction also provides a reservoir for the formation of GSH, thus increasing its storage in the skin. Through comparison of the storage capacity of GSH in the stratum corneum and dermis of the isolated skin due to the increase of HA with different molecular weights, it has been found that the storage capacity of HA with low relative molecular weight is the best.

Researches have shown that melatonin is neuroprotectant in ischemia/reperfusion-mediated injury.Although melatonin is known as an effective antioxidant,the mechanism of the protection cannot be explained merely by antioxidation.This study was devoted to explore other existing mechanisms by investigating whether melatonin protects ischemia/reperfusion-injured neurons through elevating autophagy,since autophagy has been frequently suggested to play a crucial role in neuron survival.To find it out,an ischemia/reperfusion model in N2a cells was established for examinations.The results showed that autophagy was significantly enhanced in N2a cells treated with melatonin at reper-fusion onset following ischemia and greatly promoted cell survival,while autophagy blockage by 3-MA led to the shortened N2a cell survival as assessed by MTT,transmission electron microscopy,and laser confocal scanning microscopy.Besides,the protein levels of LC311 and Beclinl were remarkably increased in ischemia/reperfusion-injured N2a in the presence of melatonin,whereas the expression of p-PKB,key kinase in PI3K/PKB signaling pathway,showed a decrease when compared with untreated subjects as accessed by immunoblotting.Taken together these data suggest that autophagy is possibly one of the mechanisms underlying neuroprotection of melatonin.

Objective: To explore the practical value of whole-body diffusion weighted imaging (WB-DWI) in the diagnosis and monitoring of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Methods: The clinical data of 107 newly diagnosed MM patients at hematology department of the first affiliated hospital of Soochow’s University from September 2012 to January 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The results of all the 60 patients who were performed WB-DWI before treatment were analyzed. And the role of WB-DWI in the diagnosis and monitoring MM was discussed. Results: Of 60 patients, 57 were found to have more or less abnormal foci of osteoclasia by WB-DWI with the positive rate of 95.0% (57/60) . Myeloma related bone lesions occurred predominantly in the axial skeleton, which were commonly seen in ribs, spines and pelvis. There were 96.5% (55/57) patients who had osteolytic rib lesions. And the ribs were the most vulnerable organs. Thirteen patients who had no osteoclasia by computerized tomography (CT) examination were detected abnormal limited diffuse lesions by WB-DWI. Eight patients underwent more than one follow-up WB-DWI. The mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the maximal lesions from all eight patients before and after treatment were 0.984×10^-3mm²/s and 1.142×10^-3mm²/s, respectively. They were both higher than the normal range [ (0.516±0.180) ×10^-3mm²/s]. Mean ADC values of the maximal lesions after treatment were higher than that before treatment. The results of WB-DWI after the induction chemotherapy were consistent with clinical therapeutic effect. Conclusions WB-DWI has an important value in the diagnosis and monitoring of newly diagnosed MM. It has higher sensitivity than than that of CT. The results of WB-DWI after induction therapy has a nice correlation with treatment effect and it could monitor the disease.