Objective Emergency response to public health emergencies constitutes a vital component of the modernization of national governance systems and capacities, directly impacting national security, social stability, and public health. This study aims to analyze the key issues and research hotspots in the field of emergency response to public health emergencies, providing theoretical foundations and practical guidance for formulating scientific and effective emergency strategies and policies. Ultimately, it seeks to enhance the nation’s capability to respond to public health emergencies and safeguard public health. Methods Using core journals indexed in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database as the data source, 1094 journal articles in the field of emergency response to public health emergencies in China from 2003 to September 2024 were selected as the research sample. Citespace visualization software was employed to organize and analyze the research process in the field of emergency response to public health emergencies. Results The current research in this field predominantly involves small-scale cooperation, and the research process can be divided into four stages. The research in the emerging stage mainly focuses on the themes of emergency mechanism and emergency management, the development stage mainly centers on the themes of emergency capacity improvement and system exploration, the outbreak stage emphasizes the themes of COVID-19 and epidemic prevention and control, and the sustainable development stage highlights collaborative governance and informatization. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the development of research in this field. Currently, the field shows a continuous growth, with an increasing volume of publications. The focus of current research has shifted towards collaborative governance and the study of assessment tools, aiming to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness in responding to public health emergencies. Moreover, the field is advancing toward more systematic and comprehensive research. However, there is still a need to strengthen scientific communication and collaboration.

This paper aimed at studying the effects of hyaluronic acid (HA) with different molecular weights on the transdermal absorption and retention of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the isolated skin of SD rats. Franz diffusion cell method was used to investigate the effects with different molecular weights HA on the in vitro transdermal penetration of GSH and the storage in different layers of the skin. AutoDock molecular docking was used to study the interaction between GSH and HA. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and H&E section staining were used to characterize the changes and effects of lipids and proteins in the rat stratum corneum after HA acts on the skin. The results of in vitro transdermal experiments showed that HA with different molecular weights had a significant impact on the amount of GSH passing through the skin, that as the molecular weight of HA increased, the effect of preventing GSH from passing through the skin became stronger, that in terms of skin storage, HA with different molecular weights could increase the storage of GSH in the stratum corneum, and that HA with a molecular weight below 7K could also significantly increase the storage of GSH in the dermis. The molecular docking results showed that HA and GSH had a relatively strong interaction, which could form intermolecular hydrogen bonds; and the results of ATR-FTIR and H&E staining showed that HA could interact with lipids and keratins in the stratum corneum of the skin. Such interaction can increase the permeability of the stratum corneum of the drug, however, as a water-soluble GSH, it may be involved in the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds with HA. In the structure of HA hydrogel, the amount of GSH drug passing through the intact skin is reduced; but at the same time, this interaction also provides a reservoir for the formation of GSH, thus increasing its storage in the skin. Through comparison of the storage capacity of GSH in the stratum corneum and dermis of the isolated skin due to the increase of HA with different molecular weights, it has been found that the storage capacity of HA with low relative molecular weight is the best.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of anterior controllable antedisplacement and fusion (ACAF) for the treatment of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) of the cervical spine.Methods The data of 45 cases with cervical posterior longitudinal ligament ossification treated by ACAF from March 2017 to October 2017 were retrospectively analyzed,including 25 males and 20 females,age 45-68 years,average 57.5 years.There were 18 cases involving C3 vertebral body,30 cases involving C4 vertebral body,40 cases involving C5 vertebral body,34 cases involving C6 vertebral body,and 7 cases involving C7 vertebral body.The function of the neural function was evaluated by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scoring system at preoperation and latest follow-up.The curvature of the cervical spine was measured on the lateral X-ray film of the cervical spine,the maximum occupying ratio of the spinal canal was measured on the cross section of the CT scan,and compression of the cervical spinal cord was evaluated by the cervical MRI.Results Patients were followed up for 3 to 6 months (average,3.9 months).The improvement of neurological function was obtained in all the patients.The JOA score improvement rate at the latest follow-up was 71.3％±9.6％.The cervical lordosis was improved from preoperative 4.5°±3.8° to 10.3°±4.8° at the latest follow-up.The canal stenosis ratio was decreased from preoperative 54.3％±8.2％ to 12.5％±5.3％ at the latest follow-up.MRI showed that the cervical spinal cord was adequately decompressed in situ.No specific complications were identified that were associated with this technique.Conclusion The present study elaborates the surgical tips and demonstrates the satisfactory outcome of ACAF for the treatment of OPLL.This novel technique has the potential to serve as an alternative surgical technique for the treatment of cervical OPLL.

Objective: To explore the practical value of whole-body diffusion weighted imaging (WB-DWI) in the diagnosis and monitoring of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Methods: The clinical data of 107 newly diagnosed MM patients at hematology department of the first affiliated hospital of Soochow’s University from September 2012 to January 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The results of all the 60 patients who were performed WB-DWI before treatment were analyzed. And the role of WB-DWI in the diagnosis and monitoring MM was discussed. Results: Of 60 patients, 57 were found to have more or less abnormal foci of osteoclasia by WB-DWI with the positive rate of 95.0% (57/60) . Myeloma related bone lesions occurred predominantly in the axial skeleton, which were commonly seen in ribs, spines and pelvis. There were 96.5% (55/57) patients who had osteolytic rib lesions. And the ribs were the most vulnerable organs. Thirteen patients who had no osteoclasia by computerized tomography (CT) examination were detected abnormal limited diffuse lesions by WB-DWI. Eight patients underwent more than one follow-up WB-DWI. The mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the maximal lesions from all eight patients before and after treatment were 0.984×10^-3mm²/s and 1.142×10^-3mm²/s, respectively. They were both higher than the normal range [ (0.516±0.180) ×10^-3mm²/s]. Mean ADC values of the maximal lesions after treatment were higher than that before treatment. The results of WB-DWI after the induction chemotherapy were consistent with clinical therapeutic effect. Conclusions WB-DWI has an important value in the diagnosis and monitoring of newly diagnosed MM. It has higher sensitivity than than that of CT. The results of WB-DWI after induction therapy has a nice correlation with treatment effect and it could monitor the disease.

Objective To investigate the value of spectral CT-based quantitative analysis in the differential diagnosis of liver cancer and liver abscess.Methods A total of 70 patients with space-occupying lesions in the liver (45 with liver cancer and 25 with liver abscess) underwent spectral CT scans to obtain spectral images in the arterial phase and portal venous phase.The solid constituents of lesions and the iodine and water concentrations in necrotic or cystic parts of lesions,normal hepatic tissue,and abdominal aorta in the arterial phase and portal venous phase were measured,and the normalized iodine concentration (NIC) and lesion-to-normal hepatic tissue ratio (LNR) of iodine concentration were calculated.The two samples t-test and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed for the quantitative indices above.Results The patients with liver cancer had higher NIC and LNR in solid constituents in the arterial phase than those with liver abscess (NIC:0.15±0.06 mg/ml vs 0.14±0.02 mg/ml,P ＞ 0.05;LNR:2.78±0.65 vs 1.45±0.88,P ＜ 0.001).The patients with liver abscess had significantly higher NIC and LNR in solid constituents in the portal venous phase than those with liver cancer (NIC:0.65±0.08 mg/ml vs 0.52±0.08 mg/ml,P ≤ 0.001;LNR:1.22±0.23 vs 0.95±0.15,P ≤ 0.001).There were no significant differences in NIC in the arterial phase or NIC and LNR in the portal venous phase in necrotic or cystic parts of lesions between the patients with liver cancer and liver abscess (P ＞ 0.05).The optimal quantitative value for the differential diagnosis of liver cancer and liver abscess was LNR in arterial phase,and the cut-off value of 1.53 had a sensitivity of 100％ and a specificity of 92％.Conclusion Quantitative iodine concentration analysis in spectral CT imaging has a certain value in the differential diagnosis of liver cancer and liver abscess and can improve the accuracy of diagnosis.

Objective To obtain different fragments of human carboxypeptidase H,and evaluate the diagnostic application of the recombination carboxypeptidase H in detecting autoantibody.Methods The coding gene of carboxypeptidase H was ob-tained by RT-PCR.The corresponding prokaryotic expression vectors were constructed and transformed into E.coli to in-duce the expression of the recombination different fragments of carboxypeptidase H.Using these antigen fragments as the coating antigens,the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)was established for the detection of carboxypeptidase H autoantibody in 95 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients.Results Three fragments of human carboxypeptidase H were obtained,in which the 42~476aa fragment antigen was ideal one.Using the full-length carboxypeptidase H as coating anti-gen,the positive rate of carboxypeptidase H autoantibody was 8.42%.Conclusion Because of the favorable antigenicity,the 42~476aa fragment antigen of carboxypeptidase H could be the candidate antigen for discrimination and diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults.

Objective To prepare serum calibrators for CRP measurement.Methods Fresh serum without infectious diseases , hemolysis, lipemia and choloplania were collected and divided into 3 groups, low, medium, and high, according to the CRP concentration.Each serum pool was mixed , filtered, sterilized and aliquoted.The materials were tested for homogeneity and stability.The values of the CRP was assigned by particle enhanced immunonephelpmetry , and calibrated with international reference materials.The expanded uncertainty was evaluated.Results The materials were tested to be homogeneous (Ubb﹤Ur, P>0.05) with Ubb values being 0, 0.125, 0, Ur values being 0.046, 0.213, 0.785, and F values being 0.803, 1.686, 0.966 in CL, CM, CH groups respectively.Stability study, where F values are 0.609, 0.259, and 1.557 at 22-25℃, 1.217, 4.583, and 0.893 at 2-8℃(P>0.05), showed that the materials were stable for at least 3 days at 22-25 ℃or 30 days at 2-8 ℃, respectively.The certified values of the 3 levels materials for CRP were ( 2.64 ±0.14 ) , ( 31.17 ±0.63 ) , ( 73.85 ±1.74 ) mg/L, respectively.Conclusion The calibrators prepared for serum CRP measurement were homogeneous , stable and accurately assigned and can be used to calibrate the CRP measure system.

Objective To explore CT,MRI findings of extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (EMC).Methods Imaging information of all 8 cases of EMC verified by pathology were retrospectively analyzed.Results The location of lesions included lower extremity in 4 cases,forearm in 1 case,trunk in 2 cases and right lung in 1 case.The CT examination was performed in 7 cases,and 5 cases contained different patterns of ring-and-arc,granular,clump or irregular streaky mineralization.Dense calcification was detected in 3 cases,and focal in 2 cases.The nonmineralized component had slightly lower attenuation on CT scans than adjacent muscle.Four cases of peripheral located EMC demonstrated isointense on T1 WI,and mixed signal intensity on T2WI.For the cases of fine and dense calcification in 2 cases,numbers of dot-like low-intensity signals were detected resembling “pepper sign”; while for the cases of focal mineralization in 1 case,the low intensity area was located centrally in the high intensity area.Heterogeneous enhancement was found both in the calcified and uncalcified areas.One case of central located tumor exhibited low and high intensity on T1 and T2 weighted images,and nodual enhancement was observed.Conclusion EMC has several characteristic imaging features,including various mineralization pattern,enhancement of calcified area and signal intensity,which might have diagnostic value for this rare tumor.

Researches have shown that melatonin is neuroprotectant in ischemia/reperfusion-mediated injury. Although melatonin is known as an effective antioxidant, the mechanism of the protection cannot be explained merely by antioxidation. This study was devoted to explore other existing mechanisms by investigating whether melatonin protects ischemia/reperfusion-injured neurons through elevating autophagy, since autophagy has been frequently suggested to play a crucial role in neuron survival. To find it out, an ischemia/reperfusion model in N2a cells was established for examinations. The results showed that autophagy was significantly enhanced in N2a cells treated with melatonin at reperfusion onset following ischemia and greatly promoted cell survival, while autophagy blockage by 3-MA led to the shortened N2a cell survival as assessed by MTT, transmission electron microscopy, and laser confocal scanning microscopy. Besides, the protein levels of LC3II and Beclin1 were remarkably increased in ischemia/reperfusion-injured N2a in the presence of melatonin, whereas the expression of p-PKB, key kinase in PI3K/PKB signaling pathway, showed a decrease when compared with untreated subjects as accessed by immunoblotting. Taken together these data suggest that autophagy is possibly one of the mechanisms underlying neuroprotection of melatonin.

Researches have shown that melatonin is neuroprotectant in ischemia/reperfusion-mediated injury.Although melatonin is known as an effective antioxidant,the mechanism of the protection cannot be explained merely by antioxidation.This study was devoted to explore other existing mechanisms by investigating whether melatonin protects ischemia/reperfusion-injured neurons through elevating autophagy,since autophagy has been frequently suggested to play a crucial role in neuron survival.To find it out,an ischemia/reperfusion model in N2a cells was established for examinations.The results showed that autophagy was significantly enhanced in N2a cells treated with melatonin at reper-fusion onset following ischemia and greatly promoted cell survival,while autophagy blockage by 3-MA led to the shortened N2a cell survival as assessed by MTT,transmission electron microscopy,and laser confocal scanning microscopy.Besides,the protein levels of LC311 and Beclinl were remarkably increased in ischemia/reperfusion-injured N2a in the presence of melatonin,whereas the expression of p-PKB,key kinase in PI3K/PKB signaling pathway,showed a decrease when compared with untreated subjects as accessed by immunoblotting.Taken together these data suggest that autophagy is possibly one of the mechanisms underlying neuroprotection of melatonin.