Objective To observethe efficacy of mice infected with Sparganum mansoni by using different dosages of praziquantel.Methods A total of 156 Kunming mice were divided into 2 batches.each of them wag orally infted with 5 spargana.Thirty-six mice in the first batch were equally divided into 6 groups.the mice in group 1-5 were inoculated with spargana cultured in different concentrations of praziquantel for 3 days,the group 6 served as a control.One hundred and twenty mice in the second batch were equally divided into 12 groups,each mouse was inoculated with spargana obtained from frogs or tadpoles,group 1-9 were treated by different desages of praziquantel 1 or5 weeks post infection.group 10-12 served as controls.All of the mice wore sacriftced and dissectedl or 2 weeks after the treatment.the mean number of worms recovered was cmculated and worm reduction rates were determined.Results The number of worm recovered from mice infected with spargana cultured in 10-40 μg/ml of praziquantel had no significant difference with that of the control(P>0.05).The worm reduction rate wag 16.60%while the spargana beins cultured in 50 μg/ml of praziquantel.The worm reduction rates of the mice that sacrificed 1 week or 2 weeks after being treated by the same dosage of praziquantel had no significant difference(P>0.05).When being treated with 200.400 or 800 mg/kg of praziquantel 1 week post infection,the number of worm recovered from mice infected with spargana from frogs had no significant difference with those of the control 1 and 2 weeks after the treatment(P>0.05).The worm reduction rates between the groups with the same dosage 1 week and 2 weeks post treatment had no significant difference(P>0.05).When being treated with 200 or 400 mg/kg of praziquantel 1 week post infection,the number of worm recovered from mice infected with spargana from tadpoles had no statistically difference with that of the control 1 week after treatment (P>0. 05). The worm reduction rate of mice was only 17.02% while being treated with 800 mg/kg of praziquantel. The worm reduction rates among groups with different dosages had no significant difference (P>0.05). Compared with the mice infected with spargana from frogs treated with 1 200 or 1 800 mg/kg of praziquantel 5 weeks post infection, the difference between the numbers of worm recovered from mice 1 week and 2 weeks after treatment had no statistically significance (P > 0.05), but they were significantly higher than those of the controls (P<0.05 ). The worm reduction rates among the groups with the same dosage had no significant difference (P>0.05). ConclusionsPraziquantel (10-50 μg/ml) has no evident killing effect on spargnna in vitro, but when the dosage is higher(1 800 mg/kg), it has certain efficacy for treating the mice infected with spargana by oral inoculation.

Animals ; Capillaria ; isolation & purification ; China ; epidemiology ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging ; epidemiology ; parasitology ; veterinary ; Enoplida Infections ; epidemiology ; parasitology ; veterinary ; Humans ; Liver Diseases, Parasitic ; epidemiology ; parasitology ; veterinary ; Neglected Diseases ; epidemiology ; parasitology ; veterinary ; Parasite Egg Count ; veterinary ; Prevalence ; Rats ; Risk Assessment ; Rodent Diseases ; epidemiology ; parasitology ; Zoonoses ; epidemiology ; parasitology

Objective To investigate the significance of test of receptor activator of nuclear factor?kappa B(NF?κB)ligand(RANKL)in serum and urine for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Methods A total of 53 patients with osteoporosis(the experimental group)and 45 healthy controls(the normal control group)were recruited in this study. The expression levels of RANKL in serum and urine was measured and compared by enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay. Results The serum and urine levels of RANKL in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the normal control group(P<0.01). The areas under receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve of serum and urine RANKL were 0.898 and 0.734, respectively. The combined detection of serum and urine RANKL and Ca2+reached a high sensitivity of 89.5%and a specificity of 86.1%for diagno?sis of osteoporosis. Conclusion RANKL may be closely associated with the progression of osteoporosis. Serum and urine RANKL test may be help?ful in the diagnosis of osteoporosis.

Objective To investigate the relationship of age,gender,carotid artery atherosclerosis with carotid artery tortuosity.Methods The data of patients with carotid computed tomography angiography (CTA)at Beijing Hospital from January 2014 to June 2016 were retrospectively reviewed.A total of 100 patients aged ≥50 years with normal carotid arteries and 100 patients with atherosclerotic carotid artery diseases were selected with age-and gender-stratified and random sampling method.Three-dimensional images of bilateral carotid arteries were reconstructed by using Mimics software.The common carotid artery(CCA)tortuosity index,extracranial internal carotid artery(EICA) tortuosity index,and the CCA-ICA bifurcation angle were measured.Association of laterality,age and gender with carotid artery tortuosity was analyzed and the differences in parameter values of carotid artery tortuosity were compared between normal carotid artery subjects and patients with atherosclerotic carotid artery.Results In normal carotid artery group,the EICA tortuosity index and ICA angle were larger in left-side than in right side(P＜0.001),and CCA tortuosity index was less in left side than in right side(all P＜0.001).The bilateral EICA and CCA tortuosity index were positively correlated with age(the left ICA:rs=0.284,P =0.004;the right ICA:rs =0.308,P =0.002;the left CCA..rs=0.371,P＜0.001;the right CCA:rs=0.243,P=0.015).The EICA and CCA were more tortuous in women than in men[the left EICA:1.180(0.200)vs.1.105(0.140),Z=-2.996,P=0.003;the right EICA:1.150(0.128)vs.1.105(0.123),Z=-2.189,P=0.029;the left CCA:1.060(0.073)vs.1.045(0.060),Z=-2.145,P=0.032;the right CCA:1.145(0.158)vs.1.080(0.083),Z=2.324,P=0.020].The ICA angle was not related with advanced age or gender(P＞0.05).Manne-Whitney tests showed no statistically significant differences in EICA tortuosity,ICA angle or CCA tortuosity between patients with versus without atherosclerotic carotid artery stenosis(P ＞0.05).Conclusions The tortuosity in both EICA and CCA increases with age,and the EICA and CCA are more tortuous in female.There is no significant correlation between carotid artery tortuosity and atherosclerotic carotid artery disease.

Objective: To explore the safety and short-term efficacy of sole angioplasty with tiny balloon for symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) patients with complex lesions refractory. Methods: Consecutive 11 patients with complex ICAS lesions treated by sole angioplasty with tiny balloon (diameter≤2 mm) from September 2016 to November 2017 at Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Patients′ demographics, lesions characteristics, procedures, complications, and clinical and imaging follow-up data were collected. There were 6 male and 5 female patients with mean age of 63.6 years (range: 45 to 77 years). Clinical manifestations were transient ischemia attack (TIA) in 4 cases, progressive ischemic stroke in 3 cases, recurrent stroke in 3 cases, and 1 case for preparation of scheduled radical resection of colon cancer. ICAS locations were middle cerebral artery M1 segment in 5 cases, M2 segment in 1 case, anterior cerebral artery A1 segment in 2 cases, and intracranial vertebral artery in 3 cases. Mean degree of ICAS stenosis was 92%. Lesion morphology was type A in 3 cases, B in 4 cases and C in 4 cases by Mori classification. Forward flow by modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (mTICI) was grade 1 to 2a in 8 cases, 2b in 3 cases. Collateral compensation grading was grade 2 in 5 cases, grade 3 in 6 cases. Results: Technique success rate was 10/11, peri-procedural complication rate was 1/11. Post-procedural forward flow in all cases had been enhanced and 10 cases obtained mTICI 2b to 3. Ten patients got favorable outcomes (modified Rankin score 0 to 2) at discharge. With a mean clinical follow-up time of 5.4 months, 1 patient was found to have TIA recurrence. With a mean clinical follow-up time of 7.4 months, 1 patient was found to have TIA recurrence. Eight in 11 cases obtained imaging follow-up during 3 months, and none restenosis was found. Conclusion For symptomatic ICAS complex lesions, sole angioplasty with tiny balloon demonstrates relatively high safety with satisfactory short-term clinical and imaging results.

Objective: To observe the safety and long-term efficacy of carotid artery stenting(CAS)in octogenarians with carotid stenosis. Methods: Clinical data of patients aged 80 years or older undergoing CAS for carotid stenosis in our hospital between July 2008 and October 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.The perioperative treatment outcomes and mid- and long-term follow-up results were analyzed. Results: A consecutive series of 61 patients(a median age of 81 years, 54 males)were enrolled.Of 61 patients, 23(37.7%)patients had symptomatic carotid artery stenosis.Sixty patients underwent unilateral CAS, one patient underwent bilateral CAS, and 26(42.6%)underwent other cerebrovascular interventional therapy during the same period.The technical success rate was 100.0%.During the perioperative period, the incidence of stroke was 6.6%(4/61), and no patient died.Eight(13.1%)patients had contrast-induced nephropathy, 4(6.6%)patients suffered from cardiac dysfunction, and 30(49.2%)patients had hypotension requiring vasopressor support postoperatively, and all of them recovered well when discharged from hospital.All patients were followed up for a median of 42 months(range 2-108 months, with an interquartile interval of 44 months). The incidence of stroke and death was 8.2%(5/61)within 30 days to 1 year after surgery.The median stroke-free survival was 72 months in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis, and was 93 months in asymptomatic patients, with the statistically significant difference between the two groups(χ²=4.258, P=0.039). Conclusions Carotid artery stent implantation in octogenarians with carotid stenosis has a favorable safety and feasibility when performed in experienced centers, and the outcome of a mid- and long-term follow-up is good.

Objective To establish an animal model suitable for neurosurgeons for the comprehensive training of microvascular anastomosis using rat abdominal aorta and common iliac artery. Methods Twelve adult SD rats were selected,they were generally anesthetized and laparotomized.The abdominal aortas and bilateral common iliac arteries were exposed and fully separated.The lengths and diameters of abdominal aortas and common iliac arteries of each segment were measured.The end-to-end anastomosis were performed choosing the main trunk of the abdominal aorta without a branching artery and longer segment.The unilateral common iliac artery and the sacral median artery were used for end-to-side anastomosis.The bilateral common iliac arteries were used for end-to-side and side-to-side anastomosis.The micro Doppler ultrasound probe was used to detect the blood flow patency of each anastomotic stoma. Results Anatomical separation of the abdominal aortas and the common iliac arteries was successfully performed in 12 SD rats.Each rat could provide 4 vascular anastomosis exercises.The length of abdomen aorta trunk was 15.6 ± 2.5 mm and the diameter was 1.6 ±0.2 mm between the lower left renal artery and right iliolumbar artery.The side-to-side anastomosis was performed.The mean diameter of the median sacral arteries was 0.80 ±0.08 mm.After the fish mouth-like cutting,the end-to-side anastomosis of the right common iliac arteries were conducted.The lenth of left common iliac artery was 9.0 ± 1.5 mm,the diameter was 1.0 ± 0.1 mm,and was cut off at its origin and then the end-to-side anastomosis of the right common iliac arteries were conducted.After end-to-side anastomosis of bilateral common iliac arteries,its distal segment was arranged in parallel with a length of 5.1 ± 0.3 mm,and then the side-to-side anastomosis could be conducted. Conclusions The rat abdominal aorta and iliac artery model can be comprehensively used to simulate the commonly used neurosurgery bypass graft.It is suitable for neurosurgeons with a certain microsurgical basis to conduct a preliminary vascular anastomosis training.

Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of endovascular reconstruction for ruptured and unruptured vertebral artery fusiform aneurysms (VAFAs).Methods The clinical,imaging and follow-up data of 26 consecutive patients with VAFA treated with endovascular reconstruction at the Department of Neurosurgery,Beijing Hospital between October 2009 and September 2017 were analyzed retrospectively.Results (1) Twenty-six patients had 26 VAFAs.Their age ranged from 38 to 69 years old.Nine patients had ruptured aneurysms and 17 had unruptured aneurysms.The diameter of the aneurysms ranged from 5 to 12 mm.The success rate of reconstruction technology was 100％.(2)In 9 patients of the rupture group,8 were embolized by stent-assisted coils,1 was treated with stent-assisted coil embolization alone.Five patients were treated with multiple-stent reconstruction and 4 were treated with stent reconstruction alone.Of the 17 patients in the unrupture group,13 were treated with stent-assisted embolization and 4 were treated with stent implantation alone;7 were treated with multiple-stent reconstruction,and 10 were treated with stent reconstruction alone.No perioperative complications occurred.(3) The patients were followed up for 8.0-97.5 months with a median time of 39.5 months.No new cerebral infarction or cerebral hemorrhage occurred.The patients with good prognosis (the modified Rankin scale scale 0-2) was 100％.Twenty-two patients were followed up for 3.5 to 34.0 months with a median time of 10.3 months.Fourteen patients (63.6％) were cured,4 (18.2％) were stable or improved,and 4 (18.2％) had recurrence;Five of 8 patients were cured in the rupture group;9 of 14 were cured in the unrupture group.There were 2 cases of relapse in each of the two groups.Conclusions Endovascular reconstruction for ruptured and unruptured VAFAs is clinically feasible and the safety is higher.The efficacy of mid-term and long-term follow-up is better.The recurrence rate of ruptured VAFAs has an increasing trend,and close follow-up is required after procedure.

Objective To explore the safety and effectiveness of mechanical thrombectomy in patients ≥80 years old,and to analyze the causes of poor prognosis.Methods The data of twenty consecutive patients ≥ 80 years old with acute ischemic stroke who underwent mechanical thrombectomy in our hospital from January 2017 to June 2018 were retrospectively reviewed.Baseline information,imaging data,thrombectomy procedures,complications,and clinical prognosis were collected.The causes of poor prognosis were analyzed.Results A total of 20 advanced age patients were included,with an average age of (83.3±4.1)years(range 80 to 96 years).All patients underwent mechanical thrombectomy,and the successful recanalization rate(mTICI 2b-3)was 70 ％.The incidence of technical complications was 15％,of which the rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was 5％.Among the 11 patients with poor prognosis,the causes included the severe diseases and later revascularization in 2 patients,unsuccessful recanalization or complications in 3 cases,and advanced age-related factors in 6 cases,among which there were accompanied multiple severe stenoses,poor collaterals and the rapid progress of stroke in 3 cases and the aggravation of previous comorbidities in 3 cases.Conclusions The advanced age patients ≥80 years old often have more comorbidities,higher prevalence rates of multiple severe vascular stenosis except the occluded vessels,poor collateral compensation and the aggravation of original comorbidities.And all of them may be important factors for the poor prognosis after mechanical thrombectomy.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between carotid artery tortuosity and atherosclerotic carotid artery stenosis. Methods: A total of 73 patients who underwent carotid computed tomography angiography with unilateral atherosclerotic carotid artery stenosis at Department of Neurosurgery of Beijing Hospital from January 2011 to June 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. There were 51 males and 22 females ranging from 48 to 90 years old, the average age was (65.9±9.5) years. There were 38 patients with carotid stenosis in the left carotid artery and 35 in the right, the stenosis degree of carotid artery ranged from 30% to 90% with the median was 44.0% (25.5%). According to the degree of carotid artery stenosis, the patients were classified into mild stenosis group and moderate/severe stenosis group. There were 43 patients in the mild stenosis group with an average stenosis degree of (37.5±5.4)%, there were 30 patients in moderate/severe stenosis group with an average stenosis degree of (65.6±10.9)%. The carotid artery (CCA) tortuosity, extracranial internal carotid artery (EICA) tortuosity and CCA-ICA bifurcation tortuosity were quantified by measuring the CCA tortuosity index, EICA tortuosity index and the internal carotid artery (ICA) angle, respectively. Comparison of diseased and normal carotid arteries was performed using t test or Wilcoxon signed-ranked test. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in CCA tortuosity index (Z=-0.584, P=0.559), ICA angle (t=0.278, P=0.781), and EICA tortuosity index (Z=-0.377, P=0.706) between diseased and normal carotid arteries in 73 patients. The diseased carotid arteries showed larger ICA angles (39.0° (19.0°) vs. 30.0° (15.0°)) (Z=-2.439, P=0.015) in the mild stenosis group, but smaller ICA angles ((31.5±11.7)° vs. (39.1±16.2)°) (t=-2.529, P=0.017) in the moderate/severe stenosis group, compared with the contralateral normal carotid arteries. There was no statistically significant difference in CCA (Z=-0.720, P=0.472; Z=-0.013, P=0.990) and EICA tortuosity index (Z=-0.349, P=0.727; Z=-0.114, P=0.909) between diseased and normal carotid arteries. Conclusions Compared with normal carotid arteries, carotid arteries with mild atherosclerotic stenosis demonstrate a more tortuous CCA-ICA bifurcation, while those with moderate/severe stenosis demonstrate a straighter CCA-ICA bifurcation. There is no correlation between CCA, EICA tortuosity and carotid artery stenosis.