Diabetes could damage the peripheral and central nervous system,and was the risk factor of cognitive impairment in the elderly.The pathogenesis of cognitive dysfunction caused by diabetes was complex.At present,hyperinsulinemia and/or insulin deficiency,glycemic control,glycation end-products,inflammatorv mediators,hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction,blood-brain barrier dysfunction and other factors were considered to be the major causes of cognitive impairment in elderly patients with diabetes.Good metabolic control may help prevent its occurrence and/or progression.

Objective To introduce a method and the clinical effects of treating the blocks of nasal-lachrymal ducts by the memory alloy stands without TV monitoring.Methods 15 blocks of nasal-lachrymal ducts of 12 cases were taken radiography of nasal-lachrymal ducts;to fix the position,to put into the conducting threads from the tear spots and introduce the dilators inversely along the threads.And then China-made titanium-nickel memory alloy stands were planted into the nasallachrymal ducts.Results To visit the patients for 1 to 12 months after operation,the radiography showed that the nasal-lachrymal ducts were clear.The symptoms of overflowing tears and pus disappear completely,11 blocks of 9 cases fully recovered,4 blocks of 3 cases were on the mend.Conclusion Interventional treatment of blocks of nasal-lachrymal ducts is easy,safe and effective.

At present, there are many methods for genotype of hepatitis C virus , but not a gold standard. In order to establish the rationale for genotypic determination of optimal region sequence, fifteen complete genome sequences of hepatitis C which had been given the annotation about every region and derived from different country were downloaded from GenBank. Phylogenetic trees on 5' UTR, core, E1, E2 and NS5B region were established. The results demonstrated that genotyping group was not all correct on 5' UTR region while genotyping groups were wholly correct on core, E1, E2 and NS5B region. Comparing phylogenetic distances on core, E1, E2 and NS5B region with that on complete genome sequence demonstrated that the NS5B area was the best genotyping region instead of the complete genome sequence. In addition, analysis of the molecular evolution on each core region could supply some clues for creating novel genotyping method based on PCR-RFLP.

ObjectiveTo investigate the preventive effects of rosiglitazone on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) rats and to explore the potential mechanisms in modulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ),nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB),and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression.Methods Thirty male SD rats were assigned into the normal group ( n =10),the model group ( n =10),rosiglitazone prevention group [ n =10,simultaneously 4mg/( kg · d) gavage daily at beginning].Liver appearance,liver index,and histological changes were assessed.Serum tumor necrosis factor-o (TNF-c) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The expressions of PPARγ,NF-κB,and COX-2 in liver were determined using immunohistochemical methods.The mRNA and protein expressions of COX-2 were disclosed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis.ResultsCompared with the normal group,the liver index significantly increased in model group (3.92 ±0.72 vs.5.71 ± 1.05,P =0.004).HE and Masson staining showed significantly increased steatosis,inflammation,and fibrosis.The serum levels of TNF-α,PGE2 in high-fat-diet-fed rats were significantly increased ( 11.72 ± 2.47 vs.29.39 ± 5.32,P =0.002 ; 236.60 ± 24.90vs.288.24 ± 17.17,P =0.004).Immunohistochemistry showed NF-κB and COX-2 in livers were significantly elevated,but PPARγ wasdecreased in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis rats.Real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot found mRNA and protein expressions of COX-2 were increased in the model group (0.57 ± 0.08 vs.2.83 ± 0.24,P =0.0007 ; 0.38 ± 0.03 vs.1.00 ± 0.03,P =0.004).Compared with the model group,the expressions of PPARγsignificantly increased and the expressions of NF-κB and COX-2 significantly decreased ( mRNA:2.83 ± 0.24 vs.0.46 ± 0.11,P =0.002 ; protein: 1.00 ± 0.03 vs.0.62 ± 0.02,P =0.006 ) in the rosiglitazone prevention group.ConclusionBy inhibiting NF-κB and COX-2 expressions,rosiglitazone can reduce insulin resistance and then prevent the occurrence and deve lopment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

Objective To discuss hemorheologic changes and hepatic function in patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB)and its correlation with HBV genotype.Methods Relative index of hemorheologic changes,ALT,HBV-DNA and HBV genotype were examined in 96 CHB patients and 24 healthy control people.The results underwent correlation analysis.Results Low-shear blood viscosity and RBC aggregation index were significantly higher in CHB patients than those in the healthy control people(P＜0.05).Low-shear blood viscosity and RBC aggregation index were significantly higher in CHB patients with abnormal ALT than those CHB patients with normal ALT and the healthy control people(P＜0.05).No statistical difference was seen when CHB patients with normal ALT were compared with the healthy control people and patients with positive HBV-DNA were compared with patients with nesative HBV-DNA(P＞0.05).No statistical difference was seen in hemorheologic changes in CHB patients with different genotype(P＞0.05).Conclusions Microcirculation disorder of CHB patients is correlated with damage degree of hepatic function.Hemorheologic changes are not correlated with HBV-DNA and HBV genotype,so it can be a relatively independent index for clinical evaluation of disease.

Objective: To evaluate the post-operative mortality of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 255 patients with new onset of STEMI who received primary PCI in our hospital and all patients received LVEDP measurement before coronary artery opening. According to LVEDP value, the patients were divided into 2 groups: LVEDP≤14 mmHg group,n=155 and LVEDP>14 mmHg group,n=100. The post-operative mortality up to 6 months was observed, and the effect of LVEDP on death rate was studied by Cox regression analysis. Results: Compared with LVEDP≤14 mmHg group, the patients in LVEDP>14 mmHg group had the 6 months mortality at HR=4.26, 95% CI (1.13-16.08),P=0.03. Relevant study presented that LVEDP was slightly related to LVEF (r=-0.267, P=0.001) and BNP (r=-0.154,P=0.041). Multi-regression analysis indicated that with adjusted LVEF and BNP, LVEDP was the independent predictor for post-operative mortality up to 6 months in acute STEMI patients after PCI. Conclusion: The LVEDP value measured during PCI procedure is the independent predictor for mortality after PCI in patients with new onset of STEMI.

0.05). CONCLUSION: Genotype of VDR is related to BMD, but there is no enough evidence to support genotype of VDR as a genetic marker in predicting the risk of developing osteoporosis in Guangzhou postmenopausal women.

Objective To study the expression of PIWIL1, PIWIL3 and PIWIL4 in human colon cancer and its clinical significance. Methods We collected cancerous tissues and its adjacent tissues of 106 patients with colon cancer, two tissue microarrays were constructed, with 62 and 150 points respectively. We studied the expression of PIWIL1, PIWIL3 and PIWIL4 through immunohistochemistry. Results The expression of PIWIL1, PIWIL3 and PIWIL4 were significantly higher in cancerous tissues than those in adjacent tissues (P＜0. 01). In cancerous tissues and its adjacent tissues, postive correlation were seen among PIWIL1, PIWIL3 and PIWIL4 expression (P＜0. 01). PIWIL1 expression was significant higher in low differentiation group than that in high differentiation group (t =- 2. 840, P＜0.01 ). PIWIL3 expression was higher in high clinical stage than that in low clinical stage (F= 3. 112, P＜0.05). The expression of PIWIL3 and PIWIL4 were significantly higher in patients with colon cancer with distant metastasis than those without distant metastasis (t= -3. 349, P＜0.01 ; t = - 2. 168, P＜0. 05). PIWIL3 and PIWIL4 expression were correlated with occurring of colon cancer (P＜0. 01). Conclusions The expressions of PIWIL1,PIWIL3 and PIWIL4 in colon cancer were correlated with the differentiation, clinical stage and distant metastasis of colon cancer. PIWIL3 and PIWIL4 expression were two independent related factors of occurring of colon cancer, which would be furtherly investigated to be served as novel markers for early diagnosis and promising molecular targets for colon cancer therapy.

Objective To explore the mechanism underlying the rapid shortening of outflow tract and the formation of the right ventricle of the embryonic mouse heart .Methods Serial sections of embryonic mouse hearts from embryonic day 9 (E9) to E12(3 to 5 embryos for each stage)were stained with antibodies against α-sarcomeric actin (SCA), α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), GATA-4, myosin heavy chain (MHC), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) or active caspase-3 (CAS-3).Results At E11, the aortic sac and the distal border of cardiac outflow tract had regressed towards the ventricle into the pericardial cavity , while GATA-4、SCA and SMA staining showed that precursors from the second heart field were differentiating into cardiomyocytes adding to the arterial pole of the heart to lengthen the outflow tract .The length of outflow tract rapidly shortened at E12.Before and during its shortening , no CAS-3 positive cell was detected in the entire outflow tract.During E10-12, the cardiomyocytes in the right ventricle and proximal outflow tract wall proliferated inward to form trabeculae, with some trabeculae extending into the ridges .Proximal extremities of the outflow tract ridges were gradually myocardialized remodeling into the trabeullar right ventricle wall .At E12, scattered SCA and SMA staining cells and SCA and SMA weak positive mesenchymal cell clusters , which were continuous with the outflow tract myocardium were detected in the mesenchymal proximal outflow tract ridges .These results suggested that the proximal outflow tract was remodeled into the right ventricle by trabecularization , during which mesenchymal ridges were trabecularlly myocardialized . Conclusion Ventricularization of the proximal outflow tract contributes to the trabecular right ventricle and resultes in the vapid shortening of outflow tract in the mouse embryonic heart .Cardiomyocyte appoptosis and transdifferentiation are found to play a more limited contribution during this process .

Objective To measure the total β radioactive background level in the urine of normal adults,and to establish the method which can be universally used and satisfy the needs of rapid screening of samples in large batch.Methods A total of 83 urine samples from healthy adults were prepared by evaporation.And the gross β activity in urine was detected by using low background measuring instrument.Results The optimal experimental conditions were in place.The sampled volume was 200 ml,and the samples were turned to nitric acid salinization,ashed at 300℃ for 2 h,and the measured time was 1000 min.To get a more stable result,the urine residues were put aside for 24 h before measurement.The radioactivity in urine of healthy adults was between 9.40-55.92 Bq/L,and showed no correlation with age and sex.Conclusions When the radioactivity in urine is detected under the conditions mentioned above,the sample preparation process is simple and quickly,which can satisfy the needs of large batch sample screening.