Objective To investigate the application of the mini nutritional assessment (MNA)in the malnutrition risk eval-uation of elderly inpatients with cardiovascular disease(CVD).Methods The MNA method was adopted to detect the MNA scores in 316 elderly inpatients with CVD.The inpatient′s nutritional status was evaluated according to the MNA scores.Results Among 316 cases,52 cases(16.46%)were malnutrition,60 cases (18.99%)had the malnutrition risk and 204 cases (64.56%)were in a good nutritional status;the occurrence rate of malnutrition and malnutrition risk in the female elderly patients were higher than those in the male patients,the differences were statistically significant(P <0.01);the occurrence rate of malnutrition and malnutri-tion risk in the elderly inpatients(≥80 years old)were higher than those in the low age patients(60~<80 years old),but the differ-ences had no statistical significance(P >0.05);the occurrence rate of malnutrition and malnutrition risk in the rural patients were higher than those in the patients lived in city,the differences were statistically significant(P <0.05).Conclusion Elderly inpatients with CVD have the higher prevalence of the malnutrition risk,the MNA can be applied in elderly inpatients with CVD for conduc-ting the nutritional status monitoring and early screening the malnutrition risk.

Objective To evaluate early diagnostic and guiding therapeutic value of MRI in children’s acute supparative osteomyelitis.Methods The axis,sagittal and coronal planes were performed with Philips 0.5 T superconduct MR scanner in 16 cases with acute suppurative osteomyelitis of lower extremity 2 to 14 days after onset.Results Abnormal signals in marrow were displayed in all 15 cases 3 to 14 days after onset. No abnormality was found in 1 case 2 days after onset. The interface between nomal and abnormal marrow became clear as time going on. The lesion presented as patchy low intensity on T 1WI and high signal on T 2WI. The signal changes were marked especially on STIR. Acording to MR imaging, all cases were divided into abscess type and non-abscess type.Abscess were operated and non-abscess were not. The mean follow up was 1 year, cure rate was 100%.Conclusion MRI is of significant value in early diagnosis and guiding therapy of acute suppurative osteomyelitis.

OBJECTIVE To apply 3M standardized chemical indicator(CI) process challenge device(PCD) to the practice of batch monitoring to guarantee sterility assurance.METHODS The standardized CI PCD and biological indicator(BI) PCD to two different sterilizers were applied with the test parameters of 132 ℃,3.5min and 8min,and 134 ℃,3.5min and 8min,respectively.RESULTS A total of 310 trials of CI PCD were obtained as negative results,with the ink moved into the accept area of the moving-front style indicator,and 240 trials of BI PCD were obtained as negative results.CONCLUSIONS Standardized CI PCD can provide further sterility assurance with more accurate monitoring and batch release capabilities.

Objective To reach parameter on sterilization wrap of medical instrument. Methods The parameter of one hundred twenty sterilization wraps with size 30 cm?40 cm?60 cm and weight 20kg was tested by Belimed sterilizer. Results There are 155 masculine gender and 445 negative in 600 quick reading biological indicators of 120 sterilization wraps and 53 masculine in bacteria detection, 9 cases failure in 1243 indicator, 52 wet wraps. Conclusion The parameter was to take three times negative pressure pulse and five times pressure pulse, sterilization temperature 134℃, sterilization time 11min and dry time 11min, matching to sterilization request of "Technical Standard For disinfection".

OBJECTIVE To study the medical instruments,packs,and textile goods disinfected and sterilized in a hospital. METHODS Totally 432 of surgical instruments were randomly divided into 4 groups.They were washing by hands and machines and detected their blood residue. RESULTS Using the multi-enzyme detergent was more effective than unused.It was helpful for the contaminated medical instruments clean by multi-enzyme detergent for(2 min). CONCLUSIONS It is important for assure the quality of the disinfection and sterilization to proper cleaning and the care of the medical instruments.

2 weeks,(P

China ; Humans ; Serogroup ; Shigella

OBJECTIVETo retrospectively investigate the effectiveness of sphenzygomatic suture as a guide in the reduction of zygomatic complex fracture.

METHODS55 cases of zygomatic complex fracture classified according to Zingg classification were treated, sphenozygomatic suture in group 1 (n = 36) was reduced first, then the other fracture line was reduced, in group 2 (n = 19), malar bone was reduced according to superficial fracture line. Patients were followed up for 4 weeks to 3 months, aesthetic result and X-ray symmetry were observed.

RESULTSAll patients in group 1 were restored with satisfactory facial contour, 35 cases got precise reduction, 5 cases in group 2 were asymmetry.

CONCLUSIONDuring open reduction of complex zygomatic fracture, sphenozygomatic suture should be reduced at first as a guide, so as to get precise zygomatic complex reconstruction and normal aesthetic outcome.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cranial Sutures ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Sphenoid Bone ; surgery ; Zygoma ; surgery ; Zygomatic Fractures ; surgery

Objective To assess the effectiveness and safety of heat moisture exchangers (HMEs) on the artificial airway humid-ification in the mechanically ventilated patients .Methods The related literature in the Cochrane Library ,PubMed ,Embase ,CNKI , VIP ,WanFang database and CBM from the establishment to March 2012 were retrieved ,then included the randomized controlled trial(RCT) and quasi-RCT on the effect of HMEs for the artificial airway humidification in the mechanically ventilated patients were performed the meta analysis by using RevMan 5 .1 .2 software .Results 19 RCT were included(involving 2 960 patients) , which were the random parallel controlled trials .The meta analysis results showed that HMEs could not reduce the incidence rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP)(RR=0 .78 ,95% CI 0 .61-1 .01 ,P=0 .06) ,also could not decrease the hospitalization mor-tality(RR=0 .94 ,95% CI 0 .83-1 .08 ,P=0 .40) ,the length of ICU stay(MD= -0 .32 ,95% CI -3 .13 -2 .50 ,P=0 .82) and the occurrence rate of catheter occlusion (RR=0 .65 ,95% CI 0 .22 -1 .93 ,P= 0 .44) ,the differences between the two groups had no statistical significance .But 5 RCT reported that using HMEs could reduce the patient′s costs .Conclusion HMEs can not reduce the incidence rate of VAP ,mortality ,length of ICU stay ,occurrence rate of airway occlusion ,but can cut down the patient′s cost . Due to the risk of bias existing in all included RCT and the low quality of the obtained evidences ,more strictly designed and imple-mented RCTs are needed to further verify thse evidences .

OBJECTIVETo determine the prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in patients with stable, optimally treated chronic congestive heart failure and the effect of short-term oral theophylline therapy on periodic breathing in these patients.

METHODSPatients with stable, optimally treated chronic congestive heart failure were monitored by polysomnography during nocturnal sleep. The effects of theophylline therapy on periodic breathing associated with stable heart failure were observed before and after treatment.

RESULTSPatients were divided into two groups. Group I (n = 21) consisted of individuals with 15 episodes of apnea and hypopnea [as determined by the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI)] per hour or less; Group II (n = 15, 41.7%) individuals had an index of more than 15 episodes per hour. In group II, the AHI varied from 16.8 to 78.8 (42.6 +/- 15.5) in which the obstructive AHI was 11.1 +/- 8.4 and the central AHI was 31.5 +/- 9.6. Group II had significantly more arousals (36.8 +/- 21.3 compared with 19.4 +/- 11.2 in group I) that were directly attributable to episodes of apnea and hypopnea, lower arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (76.7% +/- 4.6% compared with 86.5% +/- 2.8%) and lower left ventricular ejection fraction (24.2% +/- 8.8% compared with 31.5% +/- 10.6%). Thirteen patients with compensated heart failure and periodic breathing received theophylline orally (at an average dose of 4.3 mg/kg) for five to seven days. After treatment, the mean plasma theophylline concentration was (11.3 +/- 2.5) micro g/ml. Theophylline therapy resulted in significant decreases in the number of AHI (20.8 +/- 13.2 vs. 42.6 +/- 15.5; P < 0.001) and the number of episodes of central apnea-hypopnea per hour (10.1 +/- 7.6 vs. 31.5 +/- 9.6; P < 0.001). Furthermore, the percentage of total sleep time during which arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO(2)) was less than 90 percent (8.8% +/- 8.6% vs. 23.4% +/- 24.1%; P < 0.05) and the arousals per hour (18.7 +/- 21.2 vs. 36.8 +/- 21.3; P < 0.05) were also lower. There were no significant differences in the characteristics of sleep or obstructive AHI before and after theophylline treatment.

CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing (mainly periodic respiration or cheyne-stokes respiration with central sleep apnea) is high in patients with stable chronic congestive heart failure. The sleep-disordered breathing episodes are associated with severe nocturnal arterial blood oxyhemoglobin desaturation and excessive arousals. In these patients, oral theophylline therapy may reduce the number of episodes of central apnea and hypopnea and the duration of arterial oxyhemoglobin desaturation during nocturnal sleep.

Aged ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Heart Failure ; complications ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; drug therapy ; Theophylline ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome