Objective: Our aim was to study the concentrations and regulatory characteristics of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like factor (HB-EGF) and its functional consequences in inducing the activities of hexokinases (HKs) and net Glc utilization. Methods: The SV40MES13 cell line was used as cell model for this experiment to measure the total activity of Hks by using a standard G6PDH-coupled assay. The net Glc utilization was measured indirectly as Glc disappearance from the medium using the standard Glc oxidase-coupled reaction(Trinder). Results: The HB-EGF induced HKs activity in time- and dose-dependent manners and increased the net Glc utilization by SV40MES13 cells. Conclusion: The HB-EGF plays an important role in pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy by inducing total HKs activity specifically and increases the net Glc utilization in mesangial cells.

Objective To study the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) on in aged patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Methods Blood pressure and its mechanism 52 elderly patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis divided into two groups, HBP group (23 cases with hypertension) and NBP group(29 cases without hypertension). The plasma vasoactive substances were measured by radioimmunological methods. Fifteen cases in NBP group as EPO group were given a bolus of venous injection of rHuEPO (3 000 IU), others in NBP group (14 cases) were injected 0.9% saline as control group. The plasma vasoactive substances were assayed before and 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 30, 44 hours after therapy with or without rHuEPO. Results (1) The plasma dopamine (DA) in HBP group were significantly higher than that of NBP group. (2) Endothelin levels increased transiently but DA levels increased steadily in EPO group. Conclusions The study suggests that the effect of rHuEPO induced on hypertension in the elderly patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis is associated with the increasing plasma DA.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of immunointerstitial nephritis. Methods BN rat model was obtained with bovine tubular base membrane (bTBM). Monoclonal antibodies, immunohistochemical ABC method and indirect im-munofluorescent technique were used to detect the inflammatory cells and ICAM-1. Results 9 days after immunization with bTBM, inflammatory cells infiltration and a strong ICAM-1 expression were found in the intersitium, associated with the pathological degree. Conclusion Cellular immunity mediated by ICAM-1 may play an important role in the development of immunointerstitial nephritis. Macrophage is a leading factor among various inflammatory cells. Fluid immunity can not be excluded.

Objective To investigate effective dosage of ACEI in renoprotective effect in primary glomerular dieases.Method In 154 patients with primary glomerular diseases,we performed a 4 month therapy,including 40 cases with high or low doses of captopril and 51 cases with high or low doses of cilazapril and 45 cases with high low doses of enalapril,and 18 cases with amlodipine as control.Mean arterial pressure (MAP),uninary protein,urinary albumin excretion rate and renal function were measured at basis and after 1,2,3,4 month of therapy,and ACE gene polymorphism was determined in these patients.Result 1.There were no difference on ACE gene polymorphism and diet protein and diet salt among control group and different ACEIs group;2.The antiproteinuria and the effect on renal function were same between patients with high and low dose of different ACEIs.Conclusion The low dose of ACEI has the same renoprotective effect as general dose in primary glomerular diseases.

Objective To screen out useful monitors of heparin therapy in glomerular diseases.Methods In 40 diabetic nephropathy (DN) patients and 39 chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) patients,we implemented a bolus venous injection of heparin 1500 U,and measured the parameters of coagulation and fibrinolysis by ELISA at basis and 30 minutes,2 hours after injection.Result After injection with heparin,the levels of prothrombin fragment 1+2 (PF1+2),thrombi-antithrombin Ⅲ (TAT),fibrinopeptide A (FPA) and coagulative factor X (FX) activity significantly decreased,but the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and the other parameters of coagulation-fibrinolysis didn't change in either the DN patients or the CGN patients.Conclusion The level of PF1+2,TAT,FPA and XF activity are valuable monitors in heparin therapy.

Objective To analyze the progress in evidence-based medical study on secondary brain injury factors during the past 10 years and propose the direction and focal points for future research in this field. Methods The achievements and latest tendency in the study of secondary brain injury factors during the last 10 years were retrieved from the literatures, and duly arranged and analyzed. Results Remarkable progress has been made in the study of secondary brain injury during the last 10 years. Many factors in the pathophysiological process participating in the production of second brain damage, such as hyperpyrexia, hypoxemia, hypotension, increased intracranial hypertension, decreased cerebral perfusion pressure, arrhythmia, electrolyte disturbances, acid-base imbalance, etc., have been identified. However, for the opportune time of monitoring secondary brain damage and the significance of these findings, further evidence-based study is still necessary. Conclusion The prevention and treatment of secondary brain injury induced by various brain damage factors are the keys to improving the level of treatment of severe brain injury.

Humans ; Liver Failure ; Patient Care Team

Liver failure is a common clinical syndrome of severe liver disease with rapid progression and high mortality. Therefore， early intervention in pre-liver failure or “golden window” is of great significance in improving the prognosis of patients. Hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure and alcohol-related acute-on-chronic liver failure are the main topics of studies on pre-liver failure. This article discusses the pathogenesis of pre-liver failure and artificial liver support therapy， so as to guide the reasonable and affective applications of artificial liver technology in clinical practice， promote related studies， and thereby reduce the mortality rate of patients with liver failure.

Objective To optimize the design of ball socket of artificial cervical joint complexity. Method A three dimension model of the artificial cervical joint complexity was constructed by the finite element method. The height range of the ball socket handle in the model was set. A simulation was manipulated to optimize the height under the physical load. The stress and strain of the joint complexity with different sizes was analyzed and the systematic safety factor was also evaluated. Results The simulation showed that the maximum Von mises stress appeared at the joint of handle and bottom in the anteflexion position. As the height of the handle increased, the maximum strain increased, and the graph of minimum safety factor was Parabola curve. Conclusions Considering the systematic stability and mobility, when the height of handle is 6 mm, the design of ball socket is considered to be optimal.

Objective： Our aim was to purity the modifier protein of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase　(G3PD)　from African green monkey Vero-E6 line. Methods：Exposure of Vero-E6 cells to medium with a reduced K concentration (3.2 mmol/L) stimulated the growth and activation of G3PD. The increase of enzyme activity was mediated by a cytosolic modifier protein that was purified using affinity and anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatograph. Results：The apparent molecular mass of the protein was 62 kDa. Western blotting and quantiative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that the amount of modifier protein increased progressively for 2 hours in cells exposed to low-K+ medium, and then returned to the control value, a kinetic profile similar to that the modifier protein is a constituent of renal epithelial cells and accummulated transiently in the low-K+ mitogenic signal. Conclusion: We obtained a modifer protein from monkey kidney epithelial cells (Vero-E6). It could activate G3PD and cell growth.