Objective To evaluate invitro antibacterial activity of Gymnema sylvestre extractant.Methods The antibacterial activity of Gymnema sylvestre extractant against staphyloccus aureus,bacillus coli,bacillus proteus,bacillus aeruginosus was detected by agar dilution method.Results The minimum inhibitory concentration were 0.65,1.25,1.25,2.5 mg/mL respectively.Conclusion Gymnema sylvestre extractant had strong antibacterial activity against various bacteria.

Objective To investigate neural correlates of the generation,execution and inhibition of motor intention. Methods Behavioral performance and event-related potentials (ERP) of 14 participants were recorded when they performed a two-staged Go-Nogo task. At the stage of intention preparation,three kinds of the "what" cues were presented separately to the participants : (1) to press a response key by the left or the right hand (the instructed) ,(2) to decide freely which hand will be used (the free) ,(3) to wait for the second cue (the control). At the stage of intention execution,the "whether" cue suggested the participants execute (Go) or withdraw (Nogo) the previous intention either voluntarily or forcedly. Results The interaction effect between the "what" and the "whether" was significant(F(2,26) = 8.262, P=0.002). The forced responses were faster than those of voluntary action under both the instructed condition ((468.52 ±105.87)ms vs (546.67 ±146.33)ms) and the control condition ((536.78 ± 83.28) ms vs (589.75 ± 140.80) ms). No significant difference was found for the free condition((538.71 ± 127. 39) ms vs (561. 44 ± 146. 51) ms). At the stage of intention preparation,significant ERP effects between the instructed intention and the freely intention were revealed in bilateral frontal regions (150～200 ms) , frontoparietal area (300～700 ms)and right temporal area. At the stage of intention execution,ERP effects between voluntary inhibition and voluntary action were observed in left prefrontal area (160～220 ms) ,fro-nto-cento-parietal area and right frontoparietal area. (300～550 ms). Conclusion The motor intention may be generated in the prefrontal area and maintained in the frontoparietal network. The left prefrontal and fronto-centro-parietal areas inhibit intention in the early stage and the right frontoparietal area involves response inhibition lately.

Objective To investigate neural correlates of the retrieval of temporal order.Methods ERP of 19 channels was recorded from 17 healthy young students while they performed a recency judgment task,a recognition task and a visual discrimination task separately,which were based on Sternberg paradigm.One-way ANOVA of repeated-measurement and post-hoc paired comparisons were carried out for both the task factor(temporal order,recognition and control)and the temporal distance factor correspondingly.The latter contains 3 intervals (1,2 and 3)between the targets.Results The temporal distance effect was significant:the closer targets correspond to longer reaction time((745.5±106.1)ms,(711.7±102.2)ms,(653.7±81.5)ms;F_((1.28,20.48))=43.37,P=0.00]and higher error rate((62.8±7.0)%,(72.5±5.4)%,(84.5±6.4)%;F_((1.32,21.11))=135.99,P=0.00].Significant behavioral effect of the task factor was also found for both reaction time(F_((1.32,21.11))=135.99,P=0.00)and error rate(F_((2,32))=200.31,P=0.00).No significant behavioral difference was found between the temporal order group and the recognition group.The spatiotemporal pattern of statistical parametric mapping(SPM)suggested the ERP effects of temporal order were presented in left temporal region (260～270 ms),bilateral parietal-occipital areas(280～290 ms),and bilateral parietal lobes(300～400 ms)prominently.No ERP effect was found between the temporal order task and the recognition task.Conclusions The neural correlates of the temporal distance effect exist in bilateral parietal regions.Temporal order as well as object information processing involves similar cerebral regions during the retrieval period.

Objective To explore the impact of iodine nutrition on pregnant women before and after adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt.Methods Twelve counties (areas,cities) in Hangzhou were divided into urban,suburban and rural areas before and after adjusting the iodine content of salt.One survey spot was selected in each district and one hundred pregnant women were selected;family salt and urinary samples of each pregnant woman were collected.The levels of salt and urinary iodine were measured by the methods of picric sodium thiosulfate titrimetric (GB 13025.7-2012) and spectrophotometer (WS/T 107-2006),respectively.Results One thousand two hundred and thirty-nine and one thousand two hundred and thirty-three household salt samples were collected before and after adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt.The median of salt iodine of pregnant women (23.30 mg/kg) before adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt was lower than that after adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt (30.09 mg/kg,x2 =-4.71,P ＜ 0.01).The iodine salt coverage rate and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt after adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt [93.92％ (1 158/1 233),93.84％ (1 157/1 233)] were higher than those before adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt [91.85％ (1 138/1 239),91.37％ (1 132/1 239),x2 =4.01,5.51,all P ＜ 0.05].The iodine salt coverage rate and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt in urban and suburb areas after adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt [99.42％ (510/513),100.00％ (203/203),97.86％ (5021513),100.00％ (203/203)] were higher than those before adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt [86.71％ (450/519),98.00％ (196/200),77.26％ (401/519),85.00％ (170/200)],but the iodine salt coverage rate and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt in rural area before adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt [94.62％ (492/520),86.92％ (452/520)] were higher than those after adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt [85.69％(443/517),76.98％ (398/517),x2=64.22,2.32,100.02,32.90,23.31,17.33,all P ＜ 0.05].One thousand two hundred and thirty-four and one thousand two hundred and thirty-one household urine samples were collected before and after adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt.The median of urinary iodine (MUI,114.80 μg/L) of pregnant women after adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt was lower than that before adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt (168.60 μg/L,x2 =36.92,P ＜ 0.01).The MUIs of pregnant women in urban,suburban,and rural areas (171.30,170.20 and 162.40 μg/L) before adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt were higher than those after adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt (101.00,149.48 and 119.90 μg/L,x2 =-7.78,-2.63,-6.28,all P ＜ 0.01).The differences of urinary iodine between groups were statistically significant in urban,suburban and rural areas after adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt (x2 =32.86,P ＜ 0.01),the MUI of pregnant women in urban areas was lower than those in the suburban and rural areas (x2 =6.70,8.13,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions After adjusting the iodine content of salt in Hangzhou,the iodine-nutrition level of pregnant women is decreased.But the consumption rates of qualified iodized salt and the MUIs in urban,suburb,rural areas are different,so the coverage of iodized salt at household level needs to be enhanced and the health education should be highlighted.

Objective To explore the impact of iodine nutrition on children in areas with different iodized-salt covering rate after adjusting the iodine content in iodized salt in Hangzhou.Methods After adjusting the iodine content of salt,every county (area,city) of Hangzhou was divided into east,west,south,north and middle districts;one school was selected in each district,40 children aged 8-10 years old in each school were selected.The goiter rates of 8-10 years old students were examined (WS 276-2007).The family salt and urine samples of each student were collected.The levels of salt and urinary iodine were measured by picric sodium thiosulfate titrimetric (GB 13025.7-2012) and spectrophotometer method (WS/T 107-2006),respectively.Areas were classified according to the coverage rate of iodized salt ＜95％ and ≥95％,and their urinary iodine levels were compared.Results A total of 2 395 samples were collected with a median salt iodine concentration of 23.50 mg/kg and a urinary iodine level of 167.45 μg/L.The goiter rate of children 8-10 years old was 1.75％ (42/2 395).The total iodized-salt covering rate was 93.15％ (2 231/2 395) and the difference was statistically significant between different districts and towns (x2 =153.13,P ＜0.01),but the level was less than 95％ in 6 areas.The urinary median iodine was 151.00 μg/L in the areas where the iodized-salt covering rate was less than 95％,lower than 173.50 μg/L in the areas where the iodized-salt covering rate was more than or equal to 95％ (x2 =-5.28,P ＜0.01).Conclusions After adjusting the iodine content of salt in Hangzhou,the iodine-nutrition status of 8 to 10 years old students is optimal.But the urinary iodine levels are different in areas with different iodized-salt covering rates,so the coverage of iodized salt at household level need to be enhanced and the health education should be strengthen.

Objective The aim of this study is to explore the changes of expression of integrin αvβ3 in bovine u-terine epithelial cells in vitro induced by estrogen or/and progesterone alone or in combination,and to provide a new refer-ence marker for determining bovine uterine receptivity state. Methods RT-PCR was used to analyze the transcriptional changes of αvβ3 expression in bovine endometrium treated by different concentrations of estrogen,progesterone alone or in combination. Results The expression of integrin αvβ3 reached the highest level when the culture medium was added with progesterone at the concentration of 10 -7mg/mL,and the expression of αv and β3 in the 10 -7mg/mL concentration group was significantly higher than that of the control one(P<0.05). Moreover,the expression of αv was highest in the 10 -10 mg/mL E2group,but the expression of β3 was the lowest in that one. In addition,adding with both estrogen and progester-one,the transcriptional level of integrin αvβ3 was significantly higher than that in the control one. The transcriptional level of αv in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05),but the transcriptional level of β3 in this group was not(P>0.05). Conclusions It can be concluded that integrin αvβ3 can be used as a new poten-tial reference marker gene for detecting the bovine uterine receptive status.