Objective:To explore the curative care expenditure of the elderly(above 65 years old) in Jilin based on analyzing the economic burden of the elderly.Methods:Based on the System of Health Accounts 2011(SHA2011).it estimated the total curative care expenditure and constitute of the elderly in Jilin.Results:In 2014,the curative care expenditure of the elderly in Jilin reached to 12.85 billion yuan,which accounted for 26.26％ of curative care expenditure of the total population in Jilin.The per capita curative care expenditure of the elderly was 3.01 times of the per capita curative care expenditure of the 0-14 year-old group,2.87 times of the per capita curative care expenditure of the 15-64 year-old group and 2.39 times of the overall per capita curative care expenditure of residents in Jilin.From the perspective of service composition,the elderly treatment costs occurred more in the hospital with the increase in age.From the perspective of disease costs,the elderly treatment costs mainly occurred in the circulatory system diseases,respiratory diseases,cancer and other chronic diseases.The household out-of-pocket (OOP) accounted for 41.83％ in curative care financing for the elderly.Conclusion:The constitute of the curative expense of the elderly in Jilin province had significant characteristics,showed as heavy OOP burden.It needed to provide policy support.

Objective To study the correlation between the contrast enhancement features on spiral computed tomography (SCT) and different clinicopathological characteristics in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods Fifty cases (54 lesions) of HCC proved pathologically and examined with enhancement dual-phase SCT scanning (arterial phase and portal vein phase) were included in this study. The SCT features and the clinical details about resection and pathological differentiation were recorded. All the features of SCT were compared with some clinical and histopathological characteristics of HCC.Results The features of SCT were correlated with pathological characteristics of HCC. The pseudocapsula patterns were related with Edmondson's grade, and the enhancement patterns were associated with the diameter of tumor and intratumoral necrosis. There was a significant correlation between the high infiltration and severity (intrahepatic daughter foci, tumor-emboli in portal veins, lymphatic metastasis) on the SCT images and the diameter of tumor. The same correlation was found between the diameter of tumor on the SCT images and AFP value, and also between hepatic cirrhosis on the SCT images and HBsAg, the diameter of tumor.Conclusion This research confirms that SCT features are correlated with some clinicopathological characteristics of HCC.

Purpose　The aim is to increase stability and to s olve the problem of splitting of human serum γ-globulin products.Methods 　Fibrinolysin and profibrinolysin in the human serum γ-globulin p roducts were absorbed with L-lysine-Sepharose 4B.Results　Compared with the unabsorbed products, the splitting degree of the absorbed pr oducts decreased obviously.Conclusion　In manufacture of human serum γ-globulin products,absorbing fibrinolysin and profibrinolysin with L -lysine-Sepharose 4B may increase stability of the product.It was an effecti ve method to improve the quality of product.

Objective:To understand the relationship of personality characteristics,self-esteem and social sup-port between men who have sex with men (MSM).Methods:Totally 402 cases aged 18-77 years were selected by snowball sampling method in Mianyang City and evaluated with the Chinese version of Eysenck Personality Ques-tionnaire short form scale (EPQ-RSC),Self-Esteem Scale (SES)and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS).Re-sults:Objective support score was negatively correlated with psychoticism and neuroticism score (standard β=-0.18,-0.28),and positively correlated with introversion-extroversion score (standard β=0.14).Subjective sup-port score was negatively correlated with introversion-extroversion score (standard β=-0.15),and positively cor-related with lie score (standard β=0.22).The utilization degree of social support score was negatively correlated with psychoticism and neuroticism score (standard β=0.16,0.15),and positively correlated with lie score (stand-ard β=-0.15).Self-esteem score was negatively correlated with psychoticism and neuroticism score (standard β=0.10,0.21),and positively correlated with the utilization degree of social support score (standard β=-0.26). Conclusion:The relationships of personality,self-esteem and social support in MSM may be close.

Objective To observe the expression of phosphatase and tensin hom ology deleted on chrom o-som e ten (PTEN) in m yocardial tissue in patients w ith coronary heart disease, and explore the relevance betw een the expression of PTEN and the occurrence and developm ent of coronary heart disease. Methods A total of 16 death cases w ith pathological diagnosis of coronary heart disease w ere collected as experi-m ental group, and 19 cases w ithout m yocardial lesions w ere selected as control group. The expression of PTENprotein and its m RNA w ere detected by im m unohistochem istry and real-tim e fluorescence quanti-tative PC R respectively. The correlation betw een the expression of PTEN and the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease w as analyzed. Results The expression of PTENprotein in myocardium in cases w ith coro-nary heart disease w as significantly low er com pared w ith the control group (P<0.05). There w as no sta-tistical difference of the expression of PTEN m RNA betw een experim ental and control group (P>0.05). Conclusion PTEN m ay be involved in the occurrence and developm ent of coronary heart disease.

1.The nutrient content of yeast (Condida Y-17) grown on n-alkane studied in this experiment was comparable to that of the same type of yeast produced in other countries. Its content of lead, arsenic, mercury and benzo (a) pyrene were within the limit proposed by the Protein-Calorie Advisory Group of the United Nations System. The Content of its residual n-alkanes and total aromatic hydrocarbons were within or a little over that limit. It is a good supplementary protein feed.2.The corrected PER values were, yeast grown on n-alkane 1.18; deli pid and denucleic acid yeast grown on n-alkane 1.16; brewer's yeast 1.52; full fat soybean meal 1.81. The PER of yeast grown on n-alkane was significantly lower than those of other samples. When 0.3% DL-methionine was added to the diet, the corrected PER values increased: n-alkane grown yeast 2.32; delipid and denucleic acid n-alkane grown yeast 2.49; brewer's yeast 2.35; full fat soybean meal 2.28. The corrected PER value of casein used for correction was 2.43, it was standardized with ANRC reference protein (PER = 2.50).3.Yeast grown on n-alkane with and without removal of lipids and nucleic acid was fed to groups of rats at a dietary level of 25% and 35% respectively for 1 year. A stock diet group and a brewer's yeast diet group were used as control. In the first 3 months the weight gain and feed consumption of the rats fed n-alkanc grown yeast diet were lower than those of the two control groups. The male rats were more sensitive to the change of diet. In the later 9 months the difference of weight gain among different groups were not significant. The concentration of haemoglobin, red cell counts, white cell counts, GPTase activity, serum cholesterol levels and serum urea levels determined at the beginning and the end of the experiment were all in the normal ranges. The concentrations of n-alkanes and odd-chain fatty acids in the adipose tissue of the n-alkane grown yeast group were higher than those of the two control groups, and the difference was highly significant. The concentrations of total aromatic hydrocarbons and benzo(a) pyrene in the muscle of different groups of rats were 0.4-0.6 ppm and 0.4 ppb respectively. No detrimental effect was observed in pathological examination.4.When 5% fish meal or 3.5% casein was added to the 25% n-alkane grown yeast diet, the weight gain and feed consumption of weanling rats were improved significantly, though it was still inferior to those fed with stock diet.5.Strongly growth depressive effect was noted as the level of n-alkane grown yeast was increased to 20% in the diet. This depressive effect was neither due to the toxicity of the residual n-alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons, nor due to the deficiencies of potassium and selenium in the diet. It might be the result of nutrient or nutrients imbalance of the diet. The appropriate amount of yeast grown on n-alkane used in mixed feed should not be more than 15%.

BACKGROUND: More recently,repair of skull defect with computer-designed prosthesis contributes to the revolutionary development of skull reconstruction technique. OBJECTIVE: To individually molded titanium mesh by computer-aided design (CAD) technique,and to observe the clinical application value of the titanium mesh in the repair of large-area skull defects in the fronto- temporo-parietal lobes. DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING: A retrospective case analysis was performed at the Department of Neurosurgery,Liuzhou People's Hospital between January 2006 and August 2007.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 16 patients comprising 12 males and 4 females,aged 16-52 years,suffered from skull defects in the fronto-temporo-parietai lobes following standard large trauma craniotomy and were recruited into this stud Two of these patients were complicated by hydrocephalus and received ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Skull defect area ranged between 9. 2 cm ×11.2 cm and 12.2 cm×14.6 cm. Skull defect neoplasty was performed in all patients 3-8months following standard large trauma craniotomy. METHODS: Titanium mesh patches were individually modeled by CAD,computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) and rapid shaping techniques and implanted into skull defect region. In addition,defect edge was fastened with titanium nails. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Moulding effects and complications following skull defect neoplasty. RESULTS: A small amount of subcutaneous effusion was found in one patient and disappeared after liquid extraction and pressure dressing. Titanium mesh was firmly fixed with no loosening. Patients exhibited left-right symmetry,appropriate lateral curvature,no irregular umbilication or chewing dysfunction. All patients were followed for 3-18 months postoperatively and were satisfied with good resuRs,Le.,no complications,infection,material exposure,loosening,or collapse. CONCLUSION: CAD technique used for repair of skull defects is convenient,effective,and safe. This method can. reduce postoperative complications and improve repair effects.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and the clinical value of MRI in the diagnosis of small-bowel disease. Methods Sixty-three patients with suspected small-bowel diseases and 3 volunteers without signs of small bowel disease underwent MRI examination. Thirty-one patients whose diagnoses were confirmed by pathology or clinical results were categorized into two groups (neoplastic and normeoplastic). The conspicuity of bowel wall, the sensitivity of MRI in detecting small-bowel lesions, and the accuracy rate of diagnosis were calculated. The average bowel wall thickness between the two groups was assessed by using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes, mesenteric infiltration, and small-bowel stenosis were analyzed by using Fisher's exact test in each group respectively. Results MRI examinations of all 66 subjects were successfully performed. Images were rated on a continuous 4-peint scale. Sixty-two cases (93.9%) were scored as 2 or 3. The diagnoses of 31 patients (neoplastic group (n = 10) and nonneoplastic group (n = 21) were confirmed by pathology or clinical results. The sensitivity, accuracy of MRI in identifying small bowel diseases were 100% (31/31) and 77.4% (24/31) respectively. The average bowel wall thickness of the two groups was 23 mm(7.0-65.0 mm) and 5 mm(2.0-35.0 mm) respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (Z = - 2.949, P < 0.01). Enlarged lymph nodes in mesentery were found in 7 cases in neoplastic group and 4 cases in nonneoplastic group, and there was a statistically significant difference between the two group (P < 0.05). Small-bowel stenosis was depicted in 10 cases in both groups and there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P <0.01). The mesenteric infiltration sign was seen in 5 cases and 17 cases respectively, and showed no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion MRI can depict the location and extension of the small-bowel disease accurately and it is an effective method in the diagnosis of small-bowel disease.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of Parkinson's disease(PD)in a community cohort of elderly in southern Xin Jiang. Methods A total of 6229 residents of Uygurs and Hans ethnicity in Kashi district were investigated from 2008 to 2009 by using a stratified, staged and cluster sampling methods. Results In this study, 57 PD patients were found. The prevalence rate of PD was 0. 7%(21/2871)in Hans and 1.1%(36/3274)in the Uygurs. The prevalence rate of PD increased with age, especially in people aged 85-89 years old. The prevalence rate of PD was 6. 0%(9/150)in illiterate people,followed by 1.0%(30/2968),0. 6%(14/2180)and 0. 5%(4/842)in those having received primary, junior high or senior high school education. Conclusions The prevalence rate of PD increased with age and decreased with education level. There was a correlation between the prevalence of PD and age.

OBJECTIVETo Verify the safety and reliability of one-stage repair of complete cleft Lip and palate in infancy and to obtain the primary result.

METHODSThe simultaneous repair of complete cleft Lip and palate in infants 3 to 12 months of age were performed in 271 cases. The deformities include 185 cases of typical complete unilateral clefts and 75 cases of complete bilateral clefts, and other 11 atypical cleft infants. The preoperative orthopedic treatment for wide alveolar cleft was undertaken in 24 infants and the lip appearance and speech outcome were evaluated in 116 children by 1 to 4 years' postoperative follow-up.

RESULTSAll infants, except for dyspnea in 2 babies, palatal fistula formation in 6 cases and temporary wound hemorrhage in 5 infants, were recovered without complications. After orthopedic treatment, the width of the alveolar cleft was reduced 6.1 mm in average. The evaluation showed that 93.1% of children had got good or excellent lip appearance. And the acceptable or excellent speech was found in 94.8% children.

CONCLUSIONSSimultaneous repair of complete cleft lip and palate in infancy is safety and reliable. The preoperative orthopedic procedure is able to reduce the wide alveolar cleft and to achieve alignment of alveolar segments. The acceptable and or excellent lip appearance and speech function could be obtained in this one-stage operative procedure in infants.