Proteinase activation receptor-2 (PAR-2) is one of the G protein coupling receptor family members.It exists in all over the epithelial cell surface of gastrointestinal tract,and is easy to expose to the proteinase that can activate it.It is a direct exocrine regulator of many digestive glands,and directly affects the capability of gastrointestinal tract.At present,the PAR-2's unique activation way,its wide distribution in digestive system and its complicated physiological functions,especially the relation between PAR-2 and the gastrointestinal movement and perception,are being highly concerned.

AIM: To compared therapeutic effect of compound trabeculectomy in treatment of angle - closure and open angle glaucoma.
METHODS: A total of 136 patients ( 136 eyes) with glaucoma from July 2014 to July 2015 were divided into angle-closure glaucoma (ACG) group with 72 cases (72 eyes) and open angle glaucoma ( OAG) group with 64 cases (64 eyes). All the patients were given compound trabeculectomy. The intraocular pressure, shallow anterior chamber, functional follicular and complications were compared between two groups after operation.
RESULTS: The intraocular pressure of all patients were significantly decreased at 1 and 3mo after surgery. The intraocular pressure of ACG group were significantly lower than that of OAG group ( t = 11. 037, 12. 660, P <0. 05). The intraocular pressure control rate of ACG group (98. 6%) was significantly higher than that of OAG group (89. 1%) (χ2 = 5. 580, P<0. 05) at 3mo after surgery. The shallow anterior chamber total incidence of ACG group was 11. 1%. It was significantly lower than OAG group (25. 0%) ( χ2 = 4. 497, P < 0. 05). The functional follicular formation rate of ACG group was 62. 5%. It was significantly higher than OAG group (43. 5%) (χ2 = 4. 035, P < 0. 05 ). There were no statistically significant on complications between two groups (5. 6% vs 7. 8%, P =0. 475).
CONCLUSION: Compound trabeculectomy can reduce intraocular pressure of ACG and OAG patients safely. The results in ACG patients is better than that in OAG patients.

ObjectiveTo observe the different mode of administration of lidocaine on hemodynamic effects during self-retaining laryngoscope.Methods75 adult patients,underwent selective operations of removal and biopsy of the vocal polype,epiglottis or laryngeal tumor via self-retaining laryngoscope under general anesthesia,were randomly divided into three groups,with 25 cases for each.Group Ⅰ was the control group; Group Ⅱ was the throat spraying group;Group Ⅲ was the intravenous drug group.The incidence of irritating cough and the changes of mean arterial pressure(MAP) and hear rate(HR) were observed during operations.ResultsThe incidence of irritating cough in group Ⅱ was lower than in group Ⅰ and group Ⅲ ( all P ＜ 0.05 ).MAP,HR in group Ⅱ was also lower than that in group Ⅰ and Ⅲ during extubation( all P ＜0.05).However there were no significant differences on MAP,HR between group Ⅰ and group Ⅲ during extubation( all P ＞ 0.05 ).ConclusionLidocaine spraying on larynx could alleviate irritating cough and had significant preventive effect on cardiovascular response,and the effect in this method was superior to intravenous injection.

AIM:To examine the efficacy and safety of cryotherapy in the management of Fusarium corneal ulcer.
METHODS: Retrospective contract analysis of the clinical data of 41 patients ( 41 eyes ) who infected with Fusarium corneal ulcer. All of them underwent focal lesion keratectomy combined with amniotic membrane transplantation between January 2010 and May 2013. The cryotherapy treatment group of 22 cases (22 eyes), non-cryotherapy group of 19 cases ( 19 eyes ) . All the cases were followed up for 3 ~12mo. We analyzed the healing of corneal ulcer, corneal neovascularization, postoperative visual acuity, complications and ulcer recurrences.
RESULTS: There were no significant difference for the two groups at the cure rate and the recovery rate, the corneal neovascularization and postoperative visual acuity (P>0. 05). The total effective rate and corneal healing time in cryotherapy group was significantly higher than that in non - cryotherapy group ( P < 0. 05 ). The postoperative visual acuity of two group were higher than that of preoperatively ( P < 0. 05 ). There was no complication occurred in cryotherapy group while there was 1 patient of secondary glaucoma in non-cryotherapy group.
CONCLUSION: Cryotherapy is an effective and safe method for the treatment of Fusarium corneal ulcer.

Objective To investigate the expression level of tryptase, chymase, IL-4 and IL-10 in guinea pigs died from anaphylactic death caused by penicillin allergy within 48 hours. Methods Guinea pigs were sensitized and elicited by penicilloyl-protein, the blood and tissues were extracted within 48 hours after the death. The expression of tryptase and chymase in tracheas and lungs were detected by the ways of immunohistochemistry, IL-4 and IL-10 levels in serum, tracheas and lungs were detected by ELISA. Results Compared with the control group, the expression of tryptase and chymase has enhanced in lungs and tracheas, the level of IL-4 and IL-10 increased in serum, lungs and tracheas in experimental groups(P<0.05). Conclusion Tryptase, chymase, IL-4 and IL-10 have significant value in the identification of the deaths caused by penicillin allergy.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Hearing Loss ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Objective To observe the curative effect of puerarin on Alzheimer's disease (AD) in ovariectomized versus non-ovariectomized rat.Methods 100 6-month-old female SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups:the control group,non ovariectomized AD group,ovariectomized AD group,non-ovariectomized AD treatment group and ovariectomized AD treatment group (n =20each).Rat model of AD was made by treating with combined D-galactose and sodium nitrite for 60days.Treatment group rats were treated with puerarin for 8 weeks.At the end of the experiment,rats learning and memory abilities were tested by water maze,the serum estradiol,progesterone,follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone were measured,and the activities of cholinesterase (TchE) and superoxide dismutase (SOD),malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in brain homogenate were determined.Results Compared with the control group,TchE activity and MDA content were increased,and SOD activity was reduced (all P＜0.01),and learning and memory abilities were significantly decreased in the ovariectomized and non-ovariectomized AD groups.Compared with the model groups,the activity of TchE and MDA concentration were reduced,and SOD activity was increased (all P＜0.01),and learning and memory abilities were significantly improved in the two treatment groups.As compared with non ovariectomized AD treatment group,the increase in SOD and TchE activities and decrease in MAD concentration were much more in ovariectomized AD treatment group (P＜0.05),and the improvement in learning and memory abilities was more significant.Conclusions Puerarin has a therapeutic effect on rat model of AD,even better on the ovariectomized rat model of AD.

Objective To study the relationship of the plasma levels of high sensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),adrenomedullin(ADM),brain natriuretic peptide(BNP)and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)with severity of heart falure, the left ventricular ejection fraction and the relationship among them in the elderly patients with congestive heart failure(CHF). Methods The blood samples were obtained from 50 patients with congestive heart failure and 24 healthy controls.The plasma level of hs-CRP was measured by immunoturbidometry.The plasma levels of ADM and BNP were determined by radioimmunoassay.The plasma levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were measured with ELISA.Left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)was measured by echocardiography. Results The plasma levels of hs-CRP, ADM ,BNP and MMP-2,MMP-9 had significantly negative correlation to LVEF(P

Objective To investigate the accuracy of analgesia/nociception index (ANI) in assessing the severity of postoperative pain in patients.Methods Eighty patients,aged 21-77 yr,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ-Ⅲ,scheduled for elective operation,were admitted to the postanesthesia care unit after the patients were extubated at the end of operation,and ANI was monitored.Immediately after admission to the postanesthesia care unit (T0),numerical rating scale (NRS) score was recorded.If NRS score was 0-3,the patients received no treatment,and NRS score was recorded again 10 min later (T1).If NRS score was 4-10,fentanyl 50 μg was injected intravenously,and NRS score was recorded again 5 min later (T2).ANI value was recorded at T0,T1 and T2.NRS score was considered as the criterion for assessment of the severity of pain.The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyze the sensitivity and specificity of ANI in determining NRS scores,the cut-off value was determined,and the area under the curve and 95％ confidence interval were calculated.Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between ANI and NRS score.Results The area under the curve (95％ confidence interval) of ANI in determining NRS scores was 0.873 (0.816-0.929),and the cut-off value was 45 with a sensitivity of 74.8％ and a specificity of 87.5％.ANI was negatively correlated with NRS score,and the correlation coefficient was-0.705 (P＜0.05).Conclusion ANI provides high accuracy in assessing the severity of postoperative pain with a cut-off value of 45 in the patients.

AIM:To study the changes of tear film and ocular surface after the coaxial micro incision 2. 2mm and 2. 8mm in the phacoemulsification.
METHODS:Eighty-six patients ( One hundred and six eyes ) from 2014/06 to 2016/01 in our hospital were enrolled. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. Forty-four patients ( Fifty-three eyes) in group A: coaxial 2. 2mm micro- incision phacoemulsification cataract extraction and intraocular lens(IOL) implantation;Forty-two patients ( Fifty-three eyes ) in group B: the conventional coaxial 2. 8mm small incision phacoemulsification cataract extraction and IOL implantation. The break up time ( BUT) , dry eye symptom ( DES) score, Schirmer's I test ( SⅠt ) and lid-wiper epitheliopathy ( LWE ) score were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively.
RESULTS:At 1wk, 1 and 2mo postoperatively, the BUT in two groups decreased after operations, and the BUT of group B was significantly lower than those of group A, the differences were statistically significant ( t = 3. 098, 4.512, 4.329; all P < 0. 05 ). The DES score in two groups increased, the DES score of group B was significantly higher than those of group A and the differences were statistically significant (t=-9. 449, -10. 029, -7. 141; all P<0. 05). The SⅠt in two groups increased after operations, the SⅠt of group B was significantly higher than those of group A and the differences were statistically significant (t=-6. 293, -4. 009, -3. 283; all P<0. 05). The LWE score in two groups increased after operations, the LWE score of group B was significantly higher than those of group A and the differences were statistically significant (t=-6. 542,-5. 125, -3. 632; all P<0. 05). At 6mo postoperatively, compared with the preoperative data, the BUT, DES score, S Ⅰ t and LWE score in group A showed no statistically significant differences (t=0. 659, 1. 276, 0. 548, 0.169; P>0. 05). The BUT, DES score, SⅠt and LWE score in group B showed statistically significant differences (t=-4. 063, 7. 306, 3. 621, 4. 208;all P<0. 05).CONCLUSION:Ocular surface has less damage and tear film has little influence at early stage after the coaxial 2.2mm microincision phacoemulsification, compared with the conventional coaxial 2. 8mm incision phacoemulsification surgery.