Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal ; therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms ; chemistry ; drug therapy ; Female ; Humans

Objective:With a scrutiny of the gastroscope aspects of hepatogenic ulcer (HU),this sutdy was to find out the relationship between HU and hepatocelluar damage and portal hypertension.Methods:262 cases of portal hyprtension of cirrhosis were reviewed with HU being grouped according to the clinical gravity of cirrhosis and the gravity of esophageal varies (EV).Results:①Duodenal ulcer prevails under endoscopy.Superficial ulceration accounted for 70.49% while ulceration less than 0.5cm in full diameter made up 55.74%.The figure was 62.3% with erosive gastritis.②Out of a total of 262,61(23.28%) cases of HU were found in connection with portal hypertension.The χ2 test showed that HU was related with hepatocellular grade and the gravity of EV (P＜0.05).Conclusions:The incidence of HU were higher than normal.indicating that the onset of HU responded positively to the clinical intensity of cirrhosis and the gravity of EV.

Objective To evaluate the typical multidrug resistance in colorectal cancer chemotherapy with drugs including 5-Fu,MMC and cisplatin. Methods The expression of mdrl gene and GP170 in thirty colorectal cancer specimens were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry.At the same time,the sensitivity of the cancer cells to six common chemotheraputic drugs were also detected by MTT colorimetric assay. Results In thirty colorectal cancer specimens,the expression of mdr_1 gene(63.3%) and GP170 (73.3%) were not different,and was concordant with the results of ADM cytotoxicity assay (P

Nowadays,patients more and more realize protecting their personal rights in hospitals.Clinic probation teaching of obstetrics and gynecology is facing the difficulty of teaching cases selecting caused by uncooperation of the patients.Establishing good relationship with the patients,improving teaching method and teaching in different ways will be helpful to accomplish the clinic probation teaching.

In order to improve the teaching effect ,we tried to use problem-based learning(PBL)in combination with traditional teaching method to teach medical students in clinical probation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. The results showed that PBL in combination with traditional teaching method was possible and effective. PBL was helpful to cultivating the clinical consciousness and comprehensive diathesis of medical students.

CYP2D6 is one of the cytochrome P450 isozymes which are involved in the metabolism of various drugs with wide use. Polymorphism at the CYP2D6 locus is one of the most widely known causes for pharmacogenetic variability in humans beings. This review focuses on the importance of CYP2D6 polymorphism in the metabolism of tamoxifen, relationships between the genetic polymorphism and prognosis of patients who have underwent endocrine therapy, and evidences indicating that CYP2D6 may be used as a predictive marker for choosing optimal endocrine therapy for patients with breast cancer.

Background and purpose:Gemcitabine-based chemotherapy has been shown to have signiifcant activity and favourable safety in metastatic breast cancer patients, but the effectiveness is limited due to drug resistance. MicroRNAs are a family of small non-coding RNA molecules, acting as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Although various mechanisms of chemoresistance have been uncovered, the aberrant microRNA expression and its relationship with drug resistance of breast cancer are still unclear. This study explored the potential role and underlying mechanism of microRNA-21 in gemcitabine resistant breast cancer. Methods:MDA-MB-231 cells were continuously exposed to the increasing concentrations of gemcitabine to induce drug resistance to gemcitabine, which was 10 times more resis-tant. Then multiple methods were used including real-time PCR (RT-PCR), CCK-8, Western blot, transfection, wound healing and Transwell assay to observe the effect of microRNA-21 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and chemosensitivity. Results:The expression of microRNA-21 was up-regulated in gemcitabine resistant breast cancer cell line and inversely correlated with gemcitabine sensitivity. Manipulation of microRNA-21 status could change microR-NA-21 level, and could result in corresponding changes in EMT status and drug sensitivity. Conclusion:MicroRNA-21 induces gemcitabine resistance possibly via EMT process in breast cancer.

Objective To assess the significance of elevated serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels in predicting 30-day mortality rate for patients in intensive care unit (ICU).Methods A retrospective study was conducted.The clinical data of 480 patients admitted to ICU in Tianjin First Center Hospital from June 2012 to October 2013 were studied.The characteristics of patients were recorded,the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE I) score was calculated,and the routine blood tests,blood biochemistry,and serum NT-proBNP level within 24 hours after admission were determined.Patients were divided into non-survival and survival groups according to 30-day outcome,and the characteristics and clinical parameters were compared between two groups,and single factor analysis affecting prognosis was analyzed.All patients were divided into four groups according to four percentile method as NT-proBNP＜280 ng/L (group Q1),280 ng/L≤NT-proBNP＜ 1 200 ng/L (group Q2),1 200 ng/L≤NT-proBNP＜1 990 ng/L (group Q3),1 990 ng/L≤NT-proBNP＜4 700 ng/L (group Q4).A Cox regression analysis was used to test the independence of the predictors.A receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was plotted to compare the power of APACHE Ⅱ score and NT-proBNP in predicting the outcome.Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to assess survival rate among different NT-proBNP patients.Results By single factor analysis it was shown that age,APACHE Ⅱ score,creatinine,NT-proBNP and severe infection were those influencing the outcome.NT-proBNP 1 200-4 700 ng/L (groups Q3 and Q4) and APACHE Ⅱ score ＞20 were independent risk factors for predicting outcome [relative risk (RR) for group Q3 was 3.624,95％ credibility interval (95％CI) was 1.258-10.138; RR for group Q4 was 5.059,95％ CI was 3.202-9.993; RR for APACHE Ⅱ score ＞20 was 2.987,95％ CI was 1.345-5.823].The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for APACHE Ⅱ score and serum NT-proBNP was similar,and it was 0.831 (95％CI 0.778-0.884) and 0.876 (95％CI 0.827-0.925),respectively.The cut-off value of NT-proBNP for predicting mortality was 1 250 ng/L.Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that groups of Q2,Q3 and Q4 had lower cumulative survival rate compared with group Q1 (26.5％,25.4％,16.2％ vs.29.6％),and group Q4 showed most significant extent of lowering of survival rate (x2=122.920,P＜ 0.05).Conclusion Elevated NT-proBNP level in ICU patients signify severity of the disease,and it is an independent predictor of death of ICU patients.

Objective To evaluate the effects of TAT-heme oxygenase-1 (TAT-HO-1) fusion protein on liver injury in rats undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).Methods Adult male Lewis (inbred) rats (aged 8-10 weeks,weighing 180-230 g) were used as donors and Brown Norway rats (aged 8-10 weeks,weighing 180-230 g) as recipients.The recipient rats were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=6 each) using a random number table:OLT group and TAT-HO-1 group.The livers were harvested according to the method described by Kamada.In OLT group,the donor livers were flushed and preserved with 4 ℃ HTK solution,while the livers were flushed and preserved for 6 h with 4 ℃ HTK solution containing TAT-HO-1 50 μg/ml in group P.Blood samples were obtained at 7 days after transplantation for measurement of activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in serum.Hepatic specimens were obtained at 7 days after transplantation and stained with haematoxylin and eosin for examination under light microscope.Rejection activity index was calculated according to Banff criteria.The contents of transforming growth factor-beta 1 and interleukin-6 in liver tissues were determined using ELISA.Kupffer cells were isolated and cultured for 48 h to determine the levels of transforming growth factor-beta 1 and interleukin-6 in culture medium.Results Activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in serum,rejection activity index and levels of transforming growth factor-beta 1 and interleukin-6 in liver tissues and culture medium of Kupffer cells were significantly decreased,and the pathological changes of livers were mitigated in group TAT-HO-1 as compared to group OLT.Conclusion TAT-HO-1 fusion protein applied during cold storage of donor livers can attenuate liver injury in rats undergoing OLT.

Purpose:To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of imatinib mesylate (STI571) in the treatment of unresectable and/or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST).Methods:Ten patients with unresectable and/or metastatic GIST received imatinib at doses of 400 mg qd.Results:Among 9 evaluable patients, 4 achieved a partial response and 4 had stable disease. Ten patients were evaluable for toxicities. The nonhaematological toxicities included edema (mainly periorbital edema), abdominal pain, diarrhoea, nausea/vomiting, fatigue, intratumoural bleeding, intermittent muscle cramps and conjunctivitis. Myelosuppression was an infrequent side effect.Conclusions:Imatinib mesylate is an inhibitor of tyrosine kinase and has been proven to be active in patients with unresectable or metastatic GIST. Toxicity is acceptable.