Objective To investigate the protective effect of pitavastatin on the patients with earlystage diabetic nephropathy and its mechanism.Methods Seventy cases of early-stage type 2 diabetic nephropathy were divided into pitavastatin group and regular treatment group by random digits table method with 35 cases each.Meanwhile,35 healthy adults with physical examination were recruited as control group.Before and after treatment in pitavastatin group and regular treatment group and on the day of physical examination in control group,the blood glucose,blood lipid,renal function,urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER),high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP),tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α,interleukin (IL)-18 were determined and compared.Results Before treatment,the levels of total cholesterol (TC),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),triglycerides (TG),fasting blood sugar,2 h postprandial blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin,UAER,hs-CRP,TNF-α,IL-18,HDL-C were (5.74 ± 1.35) mmol/L,(3.73 ± 0.75) mmol/L,(3.46 ± 1.87) mmol/L,(10.25 ± 2.36) mmol/L,(15.59 ± 3.64) mmol/L,(8.67 ± 2.28)％,(124.2 ± 52.5) μg/min,(3.64 ± 1.48) mg/L,(43.74 ± 8.35) μ g/L,(113.43 ± 32.75) ng/L,(1.15 ± 0.36) mmol/L in regular treatment group and (5.93 ± 1.41) mmol/L,(3.68 ± 0.71) mmol/L,(3.29 ± 1.92) mmol/L,(10.48 ± 2.69) mmol/L,(16.04 ± 3.16) mmol/L,(9.48 ± 2.46)％,(116.2 ± 50.4) μ g/min,(3.48 ± 1.46) mg/L,(45.93 ± 9.41) μg/L,(120.68 ±35.20) ng/L,(1.18 ±0.35) mmol/L in pitavastatin group,and (4.57 ±0.83) mmol/L,(2.87 ± 0.64) mmol/L,(1.37 ± 0.58) mmol/L,(4.57 ± 1.37) mmol/L,(7.38 ± 1.30) mmol/L,(5.84 ± 1.57)％,(14.8 ± 9.4) μ g/min,(0.84 ± 0.52) mg/L,(10.42 ± 2.83) μ g/L,(20.84 ± 8.56) ng/L,(1.54 ± 0.39) mmol/L in control group.Before treatment,the levels of TC,LDL-C,TG,fasting blood sugar,2 h postprandial blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin,UAER,hs-CRP,TNF-α,IL-18 in regular treatment group and pitavastatin group were higher than those in control group,HDL-C was lower than that in control group,and there were significant differences(P ＜ 0.01).The levels of TC,LDL-C,TG were (4.42 ± 1.28),(3.20 ± 0.57),(2.02 ± 0.87) mmol/L after treatment in pitavastatin group,which were lower than those before treatment,and there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.01).The levels of UAER,hs-CRP,TNF-α,IL-18 were (88.3 ± 36.7) μ g/min,(2.54 ± 0.76) mg/L,(35.62 ± 5.28) μg/L,(83.23 ± 21.57) ng/L in regular treatment group and (64.8 ± 34.6)μ g/min,(2.19 ± 0.65) mg/L,(27.70 ± 7.58) μ g/L,(63.20 ± 18.67) ng/L in pitavastatin group after treatment,which were lower than those before treatment,but the decreased degree was obvious in pitavastatin group.Conclusions Pitavastatin can significantly reduce not only UAER,but also the levels of hs-CRP,TNF-α,IL-18,while effectively lower the blood lipid,in early diabetic nephropathy,which indicates that pitavastatin can reduce urine protein and protect renal function by inhibiting the inflammatory process.

Objective To explore the differences in immune responses between Cricetulus barabensis and their albino mutant infected with Trichinella spiralis.Methods The physiological parameters of blood , expression levels of IL-2 protein and IL-6 gene in the spleen were analyzed.Results The level of immune cells and cytokines of Cricetulus barabensis was higher than that in the albino mutant .Conclusions Cricetulus barabensis is a suitable model animal for research on long-term latent infection such as infection with Trichinella spiralis.

Objective To observe the influence of Bailing capsule on the serum levels of hs-CRP,IL-18,TNF-α in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).Methods According to the digital table,56 CKD patients were randomly divided into the control group(28 cases) and treatment group(treated with Bailing capsules,28 cases).Meanwhile,20 healthy adults were selected as the normal controls.The blood concentrations of hs-CRP,IL-18,TNF -α,Scr and BUN were determined.Results The levels of hs-CRP,IL-18,TNF-α,Scr and BUN in CKD patients were significantly higher than those in the normal control [(5.99 ± 2.67) mg/L,(6.17-± 2.23) mg/L vs.(2.27 ± 2.16) mg/L,(44.43 ± 7.54)μg/L,(46.54 ± 8.63)μg/L vs.(11.42 ± 3.32) μg/L,(95.22 ± 34.65) ng/L,(105.48 ± 33.25) ng/L vs.(21.34-± 10.10) ng/L,(6.86 ± 2.97) mmol/L,(6.89 ± 2.85) mmol/L vs.(5.32 ±2.43) mmol/L,(98.47 ± 28.85) μmol/L,(95.46 ± 27.83) μmol/L vs.(75.45 ± 28.20)μmol/L,all P ＜ 0.05].The levels of hs-CRP,IL-18,TNF-α,Scr and BUN decreased after 12 weeks of conventional treatment (t =-0.22,-1.30,-1.76,-0.67,-1.16,all P ＞0.05),while those were significantly decreased with Bailing capsule treatment (t =-2.77,-3.81,-4.71,-2.06,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The renal inflammation can be alleviated by Bailing capsule in CKD patients,which can slow the progression of CKD.

The tapeworm Taenia solium is an important human zoonotic parasite that causes great economic loss and also endangers public health. At present, an effective vaccine that will prevent infection and chemotherapy without any side effect remains to be developed. In this study, codon usage patterns in the T. solium genome were examined through 8,484 protein-coding genes. Neutrality analysis showed that T. solium had a narrow GC distribution, and a significant correlation was observed between GC12 and GC3. Examination of an NC (ENC vs GC3s)-plot showed a few genes on or close to the expected curve, but the majority of points with low-ENC (the effective number of codons) values were detected below the expected curve, suggesting that mutational bias plays a major role in shaping codon usage. The Parity Rule 2 plot (PR2) analysis showed that GC and AT were not used proportionally. We also identified 26 optimal codons in the T. solium genome, all of which ended with either a G or C residue. These optimal codons in the T. solium genome are likely consistent with tRNAs that are highly expressed in the cell, suggesting that mutational and translational selection forces are probably driving factors of codon usage bias in the T. solium genome.
Animals ; Base Sequence ; Codon/*genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Genome, Helminth ; Helminth Proteins/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Taenia solium/*genetics