Objective To investigate the effect of three blood purification techniques on minerals disorder in maintenance hemodialysis patients,and provide clinical guidance for patients to choice the blood purification techniques.Methods Eighty-eight maintenance hemodialysis patients were divided into three groups according to the blood purification techniques:hemodialysis (HD) group (30 cases),hemodiafiltration (HDF) group (30 cases),and hemoperfusion (HP) group (28 cases).Serum urea nitrogen,creatinine,calcium,phosphorus,intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH),ftbroblast growth factor (FGF)-23 and so on before and after treatment were measured and compared among the groups.Results The serum phosphorus in HD group,HDF group and HP group before treatment were (1.93 ±0.44),(2.11 ±0.54) and (2.17 ±0.59)mmol/L,and after treatment were (1.01 ±0.23),(0.84 ±0.19),(0.99 ±0.27) mmol/L.There were significant differences in serum phosphorus level after treatment compared with that before treatment in the three groups (P ＜0.05).There were no significant differences in the descend rate of serum phosphorus among the three groups (P ＞0.05).There were no significant differences in clearance index of serum phosphorus among the three groups (P ＞ 0.05).The serum iPTH in HD group before treatment was (48.8 ± 42.9) pmol/L,and after treatment was (49.9 ± 42.9) pmol/L.The serum iPTH in HDF group and HP group before treatment were (64.7 ± 45.4) and (50.4 ± 45.9) pmol/L,after treatment was (46.2 ± 37.8) and (35.8 ± 36.5) pmol/L.There were significant differences in serum iPTH level after treatment compared with that before treatment (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences in the descend rate and clearance index of serum iPTH in HDF group and HP group (P ＞ 0.05).There was no significant difference in serum FGF-23 in HD group before and after treatment (P＞ 0.05).The serum FGF-23 in HDF group and HP group before treatment were (782.5 ± 105.8) and (879.5 ±97.2) ng/L,after treatment were (712.0 ±98.1),(823.5 ± 89.1) ng/L.There were significant differences in serum iPTH level after treatment compared with that before treatment in HDF group and HP group (P ＜ 0.05).The descend rate of serum FGF-23 in HD group,HDF group and HP group were (5.7 ±2.8)％,(12.3 ±6.2)％ and (9.1 ±4.6)％,and there was significant difference among the three groups (P ＜0.05).The clearance index of serum FGF-23 in HD group,HD F group and HP group were 0.06 ± 0.05,0.19 ± 0.11 and 0.12 ± 0.08,and there were significant differences among the three groups (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences in the descend rate and clearance index of serum urea among the three groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions HD can only clear serum phosphorus.HDF and HP can clear serum phosphorus,iPTH and FGF-23 effectively,while HDF has better clearance effect on FGF-23.The HDF and HP blood purification can reduce minerals disorder in maintenance hemodialysis patients and has important clinical significance in improving the long-term prognosis of the patients.

ObjectiveTo discuss the effects of adsorption(AP) combined with continuous venovenous hemofiltration(CVVH) on the serum inflammatory mediators levels in systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) patients.Methods Sixty-three SIRS patients were divided into treatment group (31 cases,AP combined with CVVH ) and control group (32 cases,CVVH ) by random digits table method.The changes of the serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α ),C-reactive protein (CRP),interleukin (IL)-1,IL-6 and IL-10 before and after treatment were compared in two groups.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the serum TNF-α,CRP,IL-1,IL-6,IL-10 before treatment between two groups (P ＞ 0.05 ).The serum TNF- α,CRP,IL- 1,IL-6,IL- 10 decreased after 2,26 and 50 h treatment compared with those before treatment in treatment group[after 2 h treatment:(226.4 ± 27.6) ng/L,(70.4 ± 22.1 ) mg/L,(30.1 ±2.9) ng/L,(227.5 ± 13.2) ng/L,(40.0 ±5.2) ng/L; after 26 h treatment:(165.3 ±24.5) ng/L,(58.2 ±25.1) mg/L,(18.2 ±2.7) ng/L,(82.4 ±7.2) ng/L,(26.2 ±4.3) ng/L; after 50 h treatment:( 120.6 ± 19.2) ng/L,(46.2 ± 24.6) mg/L,( 12.4 ± 2.3 ) ng/L,(38.1 ± 4.4 ) ng/L,( 15.2 ± 2.1 ) ng/L; before treatment:(350.8 ± 40.2) ng/L,( 126.4 ± 34.6) mg/L,(38.2 ± 3.6) ng/L,(307.7 ± 15.1 ) ng/L,(60.2 ± 9.3)ng/L,P ＜0.05].The serum TNF-α,CRP,IL-1,IL-6,IL-10 decreased after 26 and 50 h treatment compared with those before treatment in control group [after 26 h treatment:(262.7 ± 29.4) ng/L,(86.4 ±23.7) mg/L,(29.6 ± 3.1) ng/L,( 175.0 ± 10.6) ng/L,(42.7 ± 5.4) ng/L; after 50 h treatment:(219.3 ±25.6 ) ng/L,(75.6 ± 24.0) mg/L,(23.5 ± 2.8 ) ng/L,(99.0 ± 8.2 ) ng/L,(29.3 ± 4.8 ) ng/L; before treatment:(352.5 ± 40.4) ng/L,( 123.2 ± 35.2) mg/L,(37.5 ± 3.8) ng/L,(308.2 ± 15.3) ng/L,(58.4 ± 8.8) ng/L,P ＜0.05].There were significant differences in the serum TNF- α,CRP,IL-1,IL-6,IL-10 after 2,26 and 50 h treatment between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionAP combined with CVVH can effectively decrease the serum inflammatory mediators in SIRS patients and it's therapeutic effect is superior to mere CVVH.

One hundred and twenty one patients on maintenance hemodialysis ( MHD) from Januaury 2004 to Januaury 2009 in our hospital were enrolled in the study. Demographic characteristics, clinical data and causes of disease were documented, the survival probability was estimated with Kaplan-Meier method and the prognostic factors were analyzed with Cox regression model. The median follow-up duration was 28. 9 months. The 1,3, 5-year survival rates were 93. 0% , 66. 5% and 45. 8% respectively. By Kaplan-Meirie analysis, cardiovascular disease (x2 =6. 582, P =0. 010) , age of starting dialysis (x2= 12.439, P= 0.002), urea clearance index Kt/V ( x2 =7.633, P=0.006) and albumin levels ( x2 = 4.512, P= 0.034) were closely related to prognosis. Cox regression analysis showed Kt/V, cardiovascular disease and age of starting dialysis were independent prognostic factors ( relative risk were 3. 204, 2. 994, 2. 543 respectively).

Objective To investigate the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its influence factors among people living with HIV /AIDS (PLWHA) ,and provide evidence for developing relevant interventions and treatment methods .Methods Anony-mously completed questionnaires ,including self-designed questionnaire and the post-traumatic checklist civilian version (PCL-C) , were received from PLWHA in Suizhou from December 2014 to March 2015 .Descriptive analysis and multivariate logistic regres-sion analysis were used to examine factors associated with PTSD .Results Among 243 qualified PLWHA ,106 of them were positive with PTSD (43 .62% ) ,and the prevalence of PTSD among male and female were 37 .88% and 50 .45% ,respectively .Among the three characteristic symptoms ,repeated flashback was the highest (78 .60% ) ,then hyper-vigilance (64 .20% ) ,and the positive rate of avoidance/numbness was the lowest (57 .20% ) .Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that female was more suscepti-ble to PTSD than male (OR = 1 .960 ,95% CI :1 .025 - 3 .747) ,discrimination or unfair treatment would increase the risk of PTSD (OR= 2 .967 ,95% CI :1 .498 - 5 .876) ,and the frequency of fear/tension was positive correlated with PTSD (occasionally OR =2 .074 ,95% CI :1 .008 - 4 .265 ;always OR = 6 .690 ,95% CI :2 .708 - 16 .531) .Conclusion PLWHA had a high level of PTSD ,and fe-male PLWHA and those who felt fear/tension or experienced discrimination/unfair treatment were more likely to suffer from PTSD .

Objective To explore the feasibility of peritoneal dialysis catheter placement assisted by flexible ureteroscope.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of 54 cases of end-stage renal disease receiving peritoneal dialysis catheter placement from May 2019 to March 2023.The placement method was chosen by the patient.In the conventional group,23 cases were guided by a metal guide wire for insertion of the peritoneal dialysis catheter,while in the flexible ureteroscope group,31 cases were guided by flexible ureteroscope instead of guide wire for insertion of the peritoneal dialysis catheter.The success rate of catheterization,surgical time,use of postoperative analgesic,complications related to peritoneal dialysis catheter,and postoperative creatinine decrease were compared between the two groups.Results The catheter placement was successfully performed in both groups.The total incidence of complications related to peritoneal dialysis catheter in the flexible ureteroscope group was lower than that in the conventional group[6.5%(2/31)vs.30.4%(7/23),χ2 =3.878,P =0.049].Between the conventional group and the flexible ureteroscope group,there were no statistically significant differences in the surgical time,postoperative analgesic usage,and the decrease of creatinine at 2 weeks after surgery(P>0.05).The median postoperative follow-up period was10 months(range,3-24 months)in the two groups,and there were no complications such as peritoneal leakage,intestinal perforation,or intraperitoneal bleeding.Conclusion The placement of peritoneal dialysis catheter guided by the flexible ureteroscope instead of metal guide wire is a safe,visible,and accurate method,which can reduce complications related to peritoneal dialysis catheter,and detect and manage comorbidities in the abdominal cavity.

Objective To assess the quantitative impact of the application of high-throughput sequencing worldwide on clinical virology.Methods The following records from 2000 to 2018 were collected from National Center for Biotechnology Information:The number of complete genome of virus records per year;the number of virus discovery articles per year;the number of virus quasi-species articles per year;the number of viral infection gene signature articles per year.The method of interrupted time series was applied to analyze the trends of those records.Results Since the sequencing centers worldwide began to transit from the Sanger sequencing to the high-throughput sequencing technology in 2008,the annual value of records mentioned above increased by 3.755,2.760,6.195 and 3.885 times respectively.The long-term trends of change of each record are as follows:the number of complete genome of virus records increased by 1639.991 per year (P＜0.001);the number of virus discovery articles increased by 83.091 per year (P＜0.001);the number of virus quasi-species articles increased by 2.509 per year (P＜ 0.001);the number of viral infection gene signature articles increased by 30.836 per year (P＜ 0.001).Conclusions In 2008,the sequencing centers worldwide began to apply high-throughput sequencing technology which led to continuous decrease of the cost for sequencing.It result ed in not only increasingly enriched applications in clinical virology but also a long-term positive impact on the advance of clinical virology.

Objective:To investigate the occupational exposure with blood-borne pathogens of medical staff, and explore the protective strategy.Methods:Using cluster sampling method, 603 medical staff with occupational exposure with blood-borne pathogens were analyzed, from July 2014 to July 2018 in a tertiary hospital.Results:In total of 603 occupational exposure incidents, 70.98% (428/603) were freshmen younger than 30 years old. 48.92% (295/603) nurses. The most cases of occupational exposure were in surgery (35.16%, 212/603) . Sharp injury was the major contact manner (86.90%, 524/603) . Hands were the main contact parts (90.38%, 545/603) . Ward (53.57%, 323/603) and the operating room (22.72%, 137/603) were the high-risk place. The most dangerous actions were needle injection (34.83%, 210/603) , surgery (20.89%, 126/603) and finishing/cleaning items (19.73%, 119/603) . The main items lead to injuries were scalp needles (34.73%, 182/524) . The most exposure source was hepatitis B virus (HBV) which occupied 39.30% (237/603) . Exposure source mainly comes from medical devices containing blood (81.92%, 494/603) . To compared the groups (χ 2=19.940, P<0.01) and titer ( t=-8.592, P<0.01) of hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) before and after used prophylactics, the differences were statistically significant. Conclusion:Comprehensive strategies of occupational exposure protection education, operation norms and monitoring management were effective methods to reduce the occupational exposure in the medical staff with blood-borne pathogens.

Objective:To investigate the occupational exposure with blood-borne pathogens of medical staff, and explore the protective strategy.Methods:Using cluster sampling method, 603 medical staff with occupational exposure with blood-borne pathogens were analyzed, from July 2014 to July 2018 in a tertiary hospital.Results:In total of 603 occupational exposure incidents, 70.98% (428/603) were freshmen younger than 30 years old. 48.92% (295/603) nurses. The most cases of occupational exposure were in surgery (35.16%, 212/603) . Sharp injury was the major contact manner (86.90%, 524/603) . Hands were the main contact parts (90.38%, 545/603) . Ward (53.57%, 323/603) and the operating room (22.72%, 137/603) were the high-risk place. The most dangerous actions were needle injection (34.83%, 210/603) , surgery (20.89%, 126/603) and finishing/cleaning items (19.73%, 119/603) . The main items lead to injuries were scalp needles (34.73%, 182/524) . The most exposure source was hepatitis B virus (HBV) which occupied 39.30% (237/603) . Exposure source mainly comes from medical devices containing blood (81.92%, 494/603) . To compared the groups (χ 2=19.940, P<0.01) and titer ( t=-8.592, P<0.01) of hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) before and after used prophylactics, the differences were statistically significant. Conclusion:Comprehensive strategies of occupational exposure protection education, operation norms and monitoring management were effective methods to reduce the occupational exposure in the medical staff with blood-borne pathogens.

Objective To understand the characteristics of long-working hours exposure of medical staff,and analyze the impact of long-working hours exposure on mental health problems such as occupational stress,depression,fatigue accumulation,and insomnia.Methods The cluster random sampling method was used to select the medical staff of 12 tertiary general hospitals in Guangdong Province as the research subjects,and the"Core Scale of Occupational Stress Measurement"and other scales were used to evaluate their occupational mental health.Results The average working hours of medical staff per day were(8.99±2.18)h;2,094 people were exposed during long working hours,accounting for 78.96%.The results of binary logistics regression analysis showed that after excluding the influence of sociodemographic factors such as age,long working hours(weekly working hours greater than 40 h)were the risk factors for occupational stress,depressive symptoms and fatigue accumulation of medical staff(P<0.01),and the longer the working week,the higher the risk of occupational stress,depressive symptoms and fatigue accumulation.Weekly working hours greater than 48 hours are risk factors for insomnia(P<0.01).Conclusion Long working hours are common among delivery workers on food delivery platforms,and long working hours are a risk factor for occupational tension and fatigue.